• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.365-377
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the sensory quality characteristics of coffee under various processing and roasting conditions of green beans. Colombia green bean samples were obtained from three processing methods: natural, pulped-natural, and washed methods. The green beans were roasted differently according to Agtron number: light (Agrton #65), medium (Agtron #55), and dark (Agtron #45). Moisture content, density, color value, pH, and total dissolved solid contents (TDS) were measured, and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) with 23 sensory attributes was performed for nine coffee samples. Hunter L values were significantly elevated with the degree of processing but reduced with roasting intensity. The pH values of the nine coffee samples were 5.6~6.2 and significantly increased with intensity of roasting. TDS decreased with an increase in processing and increased with roasting intensity. QDA results show that smoky aroma and nutty and chocolate flavor significantly increased while fruit and floral aroma decreased with intensity of processing. The attributes of brownness, oily surface, smoky aroma, bitter and burnt flavor, and greasy and heavy mouthfeel significantly increased while fruity and floral aroma, black tea, sour and umami flavor, pureness, and softness decreased as roasting intensity increased. Principle component analysis showed the overall significant relationships between 23 sensory attributes and nine coffee samples under different processing and roasting conditions.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and volatile flavor components of Doonuri wine, using freeze concentration. The freeze concentration can increase the sugar concentration in grape juice by reducing its water content. In this study, after eight days od fermentation, the alcohol content of freeze-concentrated Doonuri wines was 12.5~14.1%. The pH of the wine was 3.42~3.50 and the total acid content was 0.68~0.94 g/100 mL, respectively. The brghtness of freeze-concentrated Doonuri wines was 19.28~54.42, the redness was 41.98~49.58, and the yellowness was 36.16~42.36. The organic acid analysis of Doonuri wines was that most of the organic acids contain tartaric and malic acid. By using freeze concentration with grape juice, significant increase in the total polyphenol content of Doonuri wines was 122.40~137.26 mg/mL, the total anthocyanin content was 117.06~118.40 mg/L and the tannic acid content was 66.23~83.70 mg%. In GC/MS analysis, the volatile flavor component analysis of Doonuri wines identified six alcohols, five esters, two ketones, on acid, two alkanes, and four other compounds.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1134-1145
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, fat color, and concentrations of three branched-chain fatty acids related to flavor in ram lambs. Methods: Sixty 3-month-old, male, small-tailed Han sheep were selected and randomly allocated into four groups in a randomized block design. Four feeding treatments were used: i) a basal diet without supplementation as the control group (CK); ii) the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel powder as the AMR group; iii) the basal diet supplemented with 3.4 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel water extract as the AWE group; and iv) the basal diet supplemented with 2.8 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract as the AFE group. Results: The results demonstrated that the dry matter intake was lower for the AFE group than that in other groups (p = 0.001). The feed conversion ratio was greater for the AFE than that in other groups (p = 0.039). Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of 4-methyloctanoic acid (MOA) (p<0.001), 4-ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) (p<0.001), and 4-methylnonanoic acid (MNA) (p = 0.044) in perirenal adipose tissue compared to those observed in the CK lambs. Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p<0.001) in dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to those in the CK lambs. The concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p = 0.002) in omental adipose tissue were significantly affected by treatment, although there was a tendency for lower MNA (p = 0.062) in AMR, AWE, and AFE lambs than that in CK lambs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts could significantly promote feed efficiency, although dry matter intake decreased and could decrease the MOA and EOA concentrations related to characteristic flavor and odor of body fat in lambs, except for tail adipose tissue.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.950-969
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• 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) on the quality, conventional characteristics, and flavor substances of Hortobágy goose meat. A total of 720 one-day-old goslings were divided into four dietary treatments, each consisting of six cages of 30 goslings. The dietary conditions consisted of the control group and three treatment groups supplemented with 3, 5, or 7 g/kg ATC. In male geese, supplementation with 3 g/kg ATC elevated the crude ash (CA) content of the thigh muscle compared to the control group, and the CA content of the pectoralis major was significantly elevated when geese were supplemented with 5 g/kg ATC (p < 0.05). In females, compared with the control group, supplementation with 7 g/kg ATC enhanced the crude protein (CP) content of the pectoralis major. Supplementation with 7 g/kg ATC also increased the crude fat (CF) content of the pectoralis major in females as well as in both sexes; moreover, this supplementation dose increased the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle in males and in both sexes. In contrast, supplementation with 5 g/kg ATC decreased the pH of the thigh muscle at 12 h postmortem (p < 0.01). No significant changes in meat color, water loss rate, shear force, moisture content or amino acid (AA) levels were observed after ATC supplementation (p > 0.05). Levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in the pectoralis major and levels of SFAs, monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and PUFAs in the thigh muscle were not affected by the supplementation. Overall, ATC supplementation had positive effects on the pH, and CA, CP, CF, inosinic acid contents as well as on the FA composition of gosling meat. The optimal level of ATC supplementation was 7 g/kg in goslings from 1 to 70 days of age.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

전기보온밥솥으로 취반한 쌀밥을 70, 75와 $80^{\circ}C$온도에서 0, 6, 12, 24와 48시간 보온하면서 보온조건이 밥의 품질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험하였다. 관능검사와 기기적 검사를 한 결과 보온온도가 높을수록 단향미, 윤기, 질음성, 맛과 수분함량이 감소하였고, 이취, 갈변도와 경도는 증가하였으며, 이러한 현상은 시간이 경과함에 따라 뚜렷하였다. 보온온도가 높고, 시간이 경과하면서 Hunter color value외 황색도는 증가하였으며, 면도와 백도는 감소하였다. 노화도는 보온시간이 길어지면서 증가하는 경향을 보였는데, 특히 온도가 높을수록 보온시간에 따른 노화도의 변화가 뚜렷하게 증가하였다. 본 실험에서는 70과 $75^{\circ}C$에서 6시간까지 저장시 쌀밥의 바람직한 특성인 윤기, 단향미, 경도와 덩어리지는 정도의 변화가 적었으며, 보온시간이 더 길어짐에 따라 이러한 특성의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 또한 $80^{\circ}C$에서 보온한 밥은 냄새, 색, 외관, 맛과 조직감 등이 보온 초기부터 급격히 변화하여 전체적인 기호도가 낮아졌다. 전체적으로, 보온 저장 온도와 시간을 달리한 밥의 식미 변화를 비교해 본 결과, 저장 조건에 따른 수분함량의 변화가 밥의 관능 특성에 가장 크게 영향을 주었으며, 일반전기밥솥으로 취반하여 저장하였을 때보다 저장기간을 연장시킬 수 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2017

In order to verify the quality characteristics of soybean milk added chickpeas, the following characteristics were investigated: pH, solid contents, color, DPPH radical scavenging, as well as electric nose and sensory evaluation. Physicochemical and the sensory characteristics were analyzed based on the experimental data. The pH value was different in the control and the treatments (p<0.005). As the quantity of chickpea content increased, the solid content was augmented (p<0.0001). The L value was 56.86 in the control, and with the amount of chickpea addition increasing, the L value increased to 57.43 in 100% chickpea soybean milk (p<0.0001). The a value and b value also increased significantly (p<0.0001). However, the DPPH radical scavenging in the control was the lowest but the antioxidant activity of 100% chickpea milk was more than 2.5 higher than that of the control (p<0.0001). In the electric nose experiment, the flavor component of 20%, 30% and 100% chickpea treatment showed a significant difference compared to the control in the flavor components. In the sensory evaluation, for the score of flavor (p<0.001) and taste (p<0.0001), the score was higher in the treatments where 20% and 30% of chickpeas were added. In the sensory test of texture, there was no significant difference in the different experimental conditions except for the 100% chickpea addition treatment. In the overall acceptability test, the scores of 20% and 30% chickpea treatment were the highest results, compared to other treatments (p<0.0001). According to the correlation analysis, both antioxidant activity (0.797) and solid content (0.834) had shown high correlation to pH among the physiochemical characteristics (p<0.01). In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability had shown a positive correlation to the amount of the soy bean milk added chickpea (p<0.01). In particular, the overall acceptability had shown the highest correlation to the taste (0.803), and it was the texture which resulted in the next highest correlation for overall acceptability (0.666).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1221-1226
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• 1999

찹쌀로 담금한 찹쌀고오지 사용의 개량식고추장 숙성과정 중 휘발성향기성분을 purge and trap 장치로 포집하여 GC-MSD로 분석, 동정한 결과 alcohol 15종, ester 15종, acid 5종, aldehyde 5종, ketone 3종, alkane 1종, amine 1종, alkene 1종 등 46종의 향기성분이 동정되었다. 동정된 향기성분수는 담금 직후에 alcohol 6종, ester 6종, aldehyde 2종 등 21종이었으나 30일에 alcohol 3종, ester 5종을 비롯한 14종이 추가, 검출되어 34종으로 증가되었다. 150일에는 46종으로 향기성분수가 최대에 달하였다. 숙성 전 과정을 통하여 검출된 향기성분은 ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol 등 alcohol류 5종, ethyl acetate, 2-methylpropylacetate, ethylbutanoate, phenylacetate 등 ester 6종, aldehyde류 2종, 기타 7종 등 20종이었다. 향기성분의 면적비율은 고추장 담금 직후 ethenone, $30{\sim}60$일에 ethylacetate, $90{\sim}120$일에 ethanol, 150일에 3-methyl-1-butanol 이 가장 높았고 숙성기간에 따라서는 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol, methylbenzene 등도 면적비율이 높아 이들 성분이 찹쌀고오지 개량식고추장의 주요 휘발성향기성분으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2001

식품의 향기를 포접하여 향기성분을 순화시키는 성질을 지닌 ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$을 청국장에 0%, 10%, 20% 및 30%씩 첨가하여 청국장의 냄새에 대한 포접효과를 살펴보면, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$을 20% 대체한 시료의 단백질과 회분양은 control 시료보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 지방량과 탄수화물량은 대체시료가 control 시료보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 시료의 L값은 ${\beta}-cydodextrin$을 30%대체한 시료가 53.99로 가장 밝게 평가되었고, 대체수준이 10%일 때 L값은 51.81으로 유의적으로 가장 낮은 수치를 보이며 색이 더 진하게 평가 되었다. 시료의 a값은 대체 수준이 증가할수록 감소하여 붉은 정도가 옅어지었다. 시료의 b값은 대체량이 증가할수록 시료의 노란정도가 점점 옅어짐을 나타내었다. 시료 입자의 내부구조 조직을 주사전자 현미경으로 관찰한 결과, control 시료의 내부구조는 점질물질이 불규칙 한 모양으로 뭉쳐져 있거나 거칠게 퍼져 있음을 볼 수 있었으며, 첨가수준이 증가할수록 불규칙하고 거친 내부조직이 점차 감소하여 30% 대체 시료에서는 매끈하고 안정된 조직감과 내부구조를 보여 주었다. 관능적 특성에 대한 결과, 청국장 시료의 구수한 냄새는 시료의 대체수준이 20% 이상으로 될 때 구수한 냄새는 6.65에서 6.78의 수치를 보이며 유의적으로 다소 감소하여 구수한 냄새가 약하게 나타났다. 시료의 이취는 ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$을 대체량을 20%로 증가한 시료에서 control 시료의 이취보다 유의적인 감소를 보여 주었다. (p<0.05). 시료의 짠맛은 20% 대체시료군이 control 시료의 짠맛보다 유의적으로 현저히 감소하였으며, 쓴맛은 control 시료에 비하여 모든 대체시료군이 낮은 수치로 쓴맛이 약해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상으로 ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$으로 청국장을 포접시엔 특히, 구수한 냄새 이취 및 짠맛을 순화하는 경향이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.742-749
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• 2013

In order to find out the possible effects of steamed rice cake with varying addition of macadamia powder on quality improvement, this study applied 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% addition of macadamia powder. As a result, it found that the more addition of macadamia powder led to significantly higher crude oil content. Further it revealed that whit more addition of macadamia powder, it tended to show a lower L value. Also with more addition of macadamia powder a higher b value was shown. According to SEM, it was found that the 0% group showed an inconsistent grain size and porosity, local distribution of big lumps and rough surfaces, whereas more addition of macadamia powder tended to show a large mass formation and smoother cross-section. The 12% group showed a gradually decreasing hardness. According to the results of sensory characteristics, it was found that the 12% group showed the highest level in flavor, nutty, softness, after taste and overall quality. Conclusively, it is found that the preparation of steamed rice cake using macadamia powder is helpful to keep flavor and softness; moreover, it contributes to the overall quality of rice cake.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2016

In this study Muffins adding each 0, 1, 3, 5 7% of Acai Berry powder, which has very high anti-oxidant constituent, have been made, and its quality characteristics have been surveyed. From the volume and specific volume measurement, it has been decreased for MA1, 1% of Acai Berry powder added muffin, but the tendency thereafter has shown increasing (p<0.001). From texture characteristics gumminess and chewiness of MA0, reference group, was the highest by 885.86 g/ cm and 6645.71 g, and has shown decreasing tendency as per the adding rate of Acai Berry powder increased (0.001). The electronics scavenging activity of MA7, 7% added muffin, was the highest by 68.91%, and the ascending order was MA1 < Reference Group < MA3 < MA5 < MA7. From the preference test of Acai Berry powder added muffin, MA3, 3% added muffin, was the most preferable one from color, taste as well as total preference. As the added volume of Acai Berry powder is 5% or more, the typical taste and flavor of Acai Berry gives influence to the taste and flavor of muffin, so the preference level has been decreased. Thus the added volume of Acai Berry powder 5% or more is not recommendable.