• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2008

As a part of a research program to study the shear reinforcement of flat plate system, this investigation aimed to determine the effect of shear reinforcement type on punching shear strength of monolithic slab-column connection. A total of 5 specimens were fabrication and tested. The dimension of the slab were $2.63{\ast}2.725{\ast}0.18m$, with a centrally located column $0.6{\ast}0.8m$ in cross section. Experimental results showed that the CFS shear reinforcement was not effective because of lack of proper bond with concrete. 3 shear reinforcement except of CFS showed high effectiveness, which resulted in a considerable increment of the punching shear resistance of the connection.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.43-67
• /
• 1969

The effect of a circular hole reinforced by a ring of different material in a plate under biaxial loadings is considered. In this problem, an infinitely large flat is assumed. The reinforcing ring is of uniform rectangular cross-section of same thickness as the plate. The outer boundary of the ring is cemented to the inner boundary of the hole in the plate. The plate is subjected to hydrostatic tension and pure shear loadings. The stress distribution around the hole is obtained by means of the two dimensional theory of elasticity. To conform the validities of above solutions, a series of photo-elastic stress analysis for a composite model was carried out. Fair agreements were observed between two sets of values. The conclusions arrived at are as follows: 1) The theoretical solutions are exact ones for the case of infinitely large flat plate. 2) The solutions can be used for most case of engineering problem if the bonding between the plate and ring is perfect. 3) If the ratio of Young's moduli of the ring and the plate is increased, the stresses in the plate decrease whereas those in the ring increase. 4) The stress concentration near the hole has localized effect. 5) Under hydrostatic tension, maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress increase as the ratio of inner and outer diameters of the ring increases. 6) Under pure shear, the stresses depend upon angular orientations of the points and maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress appear at 45 degree. They increase as the ratio of inner and outer diameters of the ring increases.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.33-47
• /
• 2022

This paper presents a finite element model for predicting the monotonic behaviour of bolted endplate joints connecting steel-concrete composite walls and steel beams. The demountable Hollo-bolts are utilised to facilitate the quick installation and dismantling for replacement and reuse. In the developed model, material and geometric nonlinearities were included. The accuracy of the developed model was assessed by comparing the numerical results with previous experimental tests on hollow/composite column-to-steel beam joints that incorporated endplates and Hollo-bolts. In particular, the Hollo-bolts were modelled with the expanded sleeves involved, and different material properties of the Hollo-bolt shank and sleeves were considered based on the information provided by the manufacture. The developed models, therefore, can be applied in the present study to simulate the wall-to-beam joints with similar structural components and characteristics. Based on the validated model, the authors herein compared the behaviour of wall-to-beam joints of two commonly utilised composite walling systems (Case 1: flat steel plates with headed studs; Case 2: lipped channel section with partition plates). Considering the ease of manufacturing, onsite erection and the pertinent costs, composite walling system with flat steel plates and conventional headed studs (Case 1) was the focus of present study. Specifically, additional headed studs were pre-welded inside the front wall plates to enhance the joint performance. On this basis, a series of parametric studies were conducted to assess the influences of five design parameters on the behaviour of bolted endplate wall-to-beam joints. The initial stiffness, plastic moment capacity, as well as the rotational capacity of the composite wall-to-beam joints based on the numerical analysis were further compared with the current design provision.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2004

This paper is intended as an investigation of the deposition characteristics and mass transport flux estimation in the Nakdong estuary. In order to understand the effects of the tidal current circulation which influenced to an estuary terrain change, the seawater circulation calculation by the use of 2D numerical model for the three cases of without riverflow, mean and flood riverflow quantity condition practiced and each sectional net-flux of water quantity between sandbars(so called, dung) estimated. It may be that an estuary terrain change due to the large scale construction and reclamation at the Nakdong estuary influence to the long-time deposition characteristics. by the revim for the old research, we know that the development of the local sandbars has been moved toward the east-side from the west-side estuary area after the construction of the Nakdong river dike, at present the strong-acted location is the Bakhap-dung of the front sea of Tadea. The seawater circulation pattern at this large scale area of tidal flat bring on a change due to the water quantity outflowing from the Nakdong river. Base on the calculated results for the section net-flux of water quantity, we see that the accumulating action very strong at the local sea around Jangjado, Bakhapdung and Tadae for the case of flood riverflow quantity condition, but at the local sea around Jinudo for the another cases. Consequently, it is emphasized that in the Nakdong estuary the main sensitive regions which influenced from the discharge of riverflow were the local sea around Jangjado, Bakhapdung, Tadae and Jinudo.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 1996

This study was peformed in order to evaluate the usefulness of the crush cytologic features and differential diagnosis between meningiomas and schwannomas in the central nervous system. Deeply seated and unusually located meningiomas and schwannomas with equivocal or erroneous frozen section diagnosis can be correctly diagnosed cytologically in crush preparations. Twenty-four meningiomas and nine schwannomas were studied by frozen section and crush preparation technique. These tumors displayed distinctive cytologic features. in meningiomas, the tumor tissue fragments were easy to crush, and the tumor cells were arranged in small clusters, flat sheets, papilla-like, whorling pattern or singly. Individual tumor cells displayed round or oval nuclei with finely granular chromatin pattern and inconspicuous small nucleoli. Occasionally psammoma bodies, nuclear pseudoinclusion or nuclear grooves were found. In schwannomas, tissue fragments were hard in consistency and difficult to crush. The crushed tissue presented as thick, irregular fragments with shard borders. The cells showed ill-defined cytoplasm and round, oval, cigar-shaped or curved nuclei. It is important to emphasize that the smear pattern under low-power view and cytologic features are helpful in discriminating between these two tumors.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2008

Regenerated composite fibers were prepared from solution of styela clava tunics(SC) and poly vinyl alchol(PVA) using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(NMMO)/water(87/13)(wt%/wt%) as a solvent by dry jet-wet spinning. Structure and physical properties of regenerated composite fibers were investigated through birefrngence, x-ray diffratograms, tenacity, fibrillation and SEM. Optimal blend ratio of SC/PVA for mechanical properties of composite fibers was 70/30 and total weight was 4wt% concentrations in NMMO/$H_2O$ solvent system. Crystallinity index of composite fibers were decreased as the PVA contents increased. Fibrillation of $10{\sim}20wt%$ PVA blended fibers were occurred less than pure SC fiber. Shape of composite fibers were a circle cross section within 10wt% PVA content. But the cross section of fibers were changed as crushed flat with the PVA contents increased.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.413-424
• /
• 2009

A series of wind tunnel free-decay sectional model dynamic tests were conducted to examine the effects of torsional-to-vertical natural frequency ratio of 2DOF bridge dynamic systems on the aerodynamic and dynamic properties of bridge decks. The natural frequency ratios tested were around 2.2:1 and 1.2:1 respectively, with the fundamental vertical natural frequency of the system held constant for all the tests. Three 2.9 m long twin-deck bridge sectional models, with a zero, 16% (intermediate gap) and 35% (large gap) gap-to-width ratio, respectively, were tested to determine whether the effects of frequency ratio are dependent on bridge deck cross-section shapes. The results of wind tunnel tests suggest that for the model with a zero gap-width, a model to approximate a thin flat plate, the flutter derivatives, and consequently the aerodynamic forces, are relatively independent of the torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio for a relatively large range of reduced wind velocities, while for the models with an intermediate gap-width (around 16%) and a large gap-width (around 35%), some of the flutter derivatives, and therefore the aerodynamic forces, are evidently dependent on the frequency ratio for most of the tested reduced velocities. A comparison of the modal damping ratios also suggests that the torsional damping ratio is much more sensitive to the frequency ratio, especially for the two models with nonzero gap (16% and 35% gap-width). The test results clearly show that the effects of the frequency ratio on the flutter derivatives and the aerodynamic forces were dependent on the aerodynamic cross-section shape of the bridge deck.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.4533-4543
• /
• 1977

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare flow discharges of rectangular, V-notch and trapezoidal type of cutthrooat flumes, and the published data for trapezoidal parshall flumes. And the trapezoidal cutthroat flumes were also compared in their accuracy of discharge measurements for various convergence ratios in the inlet section and divergence ratios in the outlet section. Five flumes were studied, and all the flumes were 45cm long with flat-bottom and were made of well-finished transparent acryl plate of 3mm thickness. One rectangular, one V-notch and three trapezoidal types were numbered 1 to 5 as shown in Fig. III-1. The measured depth of water was ranged from 5 to 20cm. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. The general discharge equations for tested prototypes are listed for free flow in Table IV-1 and for submergence flow in Table IV-4. 2. In both free and submerged flow, the accuracy of the discharge formula obtained by this test is highly significant at 1% level as shown in Table IV-2 and Table IV-6. The accuracy of disharges measured depends upon the convergence and divergence ratios in the trapezoidal types: the less the ratios of convergence as well as divergence, the lower the accuracy. 3. Submergence ratios tend to increase in the order of flume number except flume No. 4. This implies that trapezoidal cutthroat flumes are more acceptable than rectangular or V-notch ones for free flow. 4. The transition submergence for the trapezoidal Parshall flumes ranges from 80-85 percent, which is slightly higher than the tested flume. However, the trapezoidal cutthroat flume No. 5 has higher transition submergence ratio, ranging from 73-78 percent, than other trapezoidal ones. The difference between the trapezoidal Parshall flumes and the trapezoidal cutthroat flumes in transition submergence seems small enough to be ignored in their field use. 5. Trapezoidal cutthroat flume is simple and economical to construct in existing openchannels whose shapes are generally trapezoidal. In order to obtain the best rating accuracy, flume No. 3 among the tested trapezoidal types is recommended, because it shows the highest accuracy for both free and submerged flow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2016

A numerical study on required stiffness of the longitudinal stiffener in the webs stiffened with flat plate at one-side of the web was conducted. The longitudinal stiffeners are commonly placed around 0.2D, i.e., 1/5 the web depth due to fabrication convenience although most plate girders for bridges are unsymmetric section. Considering asymmetry of section, aspect ratio of web and the rigidity ratio of longitudinal stiffener(${\gamma}^*$), eigenvalue analysis were performed to evaluate the buckling strength for the webs with a stiffener located at 0.16D~0.24D. Based on the parametric analysis, the required stiffness of the longitudinal stiffener to satisfy the buckling strength specified in AASHTO LRFD specifications was presented.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2014

This paper aims at comparing and analyzing shear buckling characteristics between sinusoidal corrugation shape and trapezoidal one. For this, I adopted the equal-length trapezoidal corrugation and sinusoidal one for the analytical models, and analyzed their shear buckling characteristics through linear buckling analysis and on its theory. Generally, the shear buckling shapes of corrugated steel plates are classified into local buckling, global buckling, and interactive buckling from the two buckling modes. Sinusoidal corrugation shape, unlike trapezoidal corrugation, does not have flat sides, which causes another tendency in shear buckling mode. Especially, the changes and different aspects of shear buckling on the boundary between local buckling and global buckling appear in different corrugation shapes. According to the analysis results, interactive buckling mode appeared on the boundary of local buckling and global bucking in trapezoidal corrugation. However, in the case of corrugated steel plates with sinusoidal configuration, interactive buckling mode appeared in the part where global bucking takes place. Besides, trapezoidal shapes are of advantages on shear buckling resistance in the local buckling section, and so are sinusoidal shapes in the global buckling section.