• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권5호
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• pp.661-670
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• 1995

This paper presents a fast massively parallel automatic test pattern generator for digital combinational logic circuits using neural networks. Automatic test pattern generation neural network(ATPGNN) evolves its state to a stable local minima by exchanging messages among neural network modules. In preprocessing phase, we calculate the essential assignments for the stuck-at faults in fault list by adopting dominator concept. It makes more neurons be fixed and the system speed up. Consequently. fast test pattern generation is achieved. Test patterns for stuck-open faults are generated through getting initialization patterns for the obtained stuck-at faults in the corresponding ATPGNN.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.43-45
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• 2009

In case of favourable irradiation conditions, the ratio of irradiation to the total irradiation went up and then the irradiation increased in the area with high angle of inclination. The study showed that on a clear day with the irradiation of more than 80$[W/m^2]$, the pattern of alternating current power change in the fixed system was similar with that in the single-axis tracker. On the contrary, in case of unfavourable irradiation conditions, the ratio of diffuse irradiation to the total irradiation went up and then the horizontal irradiation increased. In the demo system, the fixed system, the single-axis tracker and the dual-axis tracker all had low generation power and similar generation pattern with each other. The study showed the generation power varied with the irradiation in the fixed system, while in the single-axis tracker and the dual-axis tracker, the amount of the generation Power variation was much more than the irradiation variation. The demo system was operated from 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM for generating power, during which time, 46[%] to 56[%] of the total generation power was produced. In this study, the generation power was increased by 147[%] in the fixed system, by 136[%] in the single-axis tracker, and by 164[%] in the dual-axis tracker, and the pattern of generation power was similar with the generation power variation in the situation where the irradiation increased by 140[%] in the spring with plenty of insolation. The alternating current power was more sensitive to variation of the irradiation than to that of the surface temperature of a module. The variation of the irradiation had a more positive effect on the generation power than the type of array.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) has been widely accepted for the planarization of multi-layer structures in semiconductor fabrication. But a variety of defects such as abrasive contamination, scratch, dishing, erosion and corrosion are occurred during CMP. Especially, dishing and erosion defects increase the metal resistance because they decrease the interconnect section area, and ultimately reduce the lift time of the semiconductor. Due to this reason dishing and erosion must be prohibited. The pattern density and size in chip have a significant influence on dishing and erosion occurred by over-polishing. The fixed abrasive pad(FAP) was applied and tested to reduce dishing and erosion in this paper. The abrasive concentration decrease of FAP results in advanced pattern selectivity which can lead the uniform removal in chip and declining over-polishing. Consequently, reduced dishing and erosion was observed in CMP of tungsten pattern wafer with proposed FAP and chemicals.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.9-11
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• 2005

We propose a new content-based image retrieval using a block color co-occurrence matrix (BCCM) and pattern correlogram. In the proposed method, the color feature vectors are extracted by using BCCM that represents the probability of the co-occurrence of two mean colors within blocks. Also the pattern feature vectors are extracted by using pattern correlogram which is combined with spatial correlation of pattern. In the proposed pattern correlogram method. after block-divided image is classified into 48 patterns with respect to the change of the RGB color of the image, joint probability between the same pattern from the surrounding blocks existing at the fixed distance and the center pattern is calculated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can outperform the conventional methods as regards the precision and the size of the feature vector dimension.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1183-1188
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a 3D automated measuring system which measures the mandibular movements and the reference plane of the jaw movements. In diagnosis and treatment of the malocclusions, it is necessary to estimate the mandibular movements and the reference plane of the jaw movements. The proposed system is configured with double stereo-cameras, PC, two moving pattern plates(MPPs), two fixed pattern plates(FPPs) and one orbital marker. The virtual pattern plate is applied to calculate the homogeneous transformation matrices which describe the coordinates systems of the FPP and MPP with respect to the world coordinates system. To estimate the parameters of the hinge axis, the Euler's theorem is applied. The hinge axis points are intersections between the FPPs and the hinge axis. The coordinates of a hinge axis point with respect to the MPP coordinates system are set up to fixed value. And then, the paths of the jaw movement can be calculated by applying the homogeneous transformation matrix to fixed hinge axis point. To examine the accuracy of the measurements, experiments of measuring the hinge axis points and floating paths of them are performed using the jaw motion simulator. As results, the measurement errors of the hinge axis points are within reasonable boundary, and the floating paths are very similar to the simulator's moving path.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.713-721
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• 2018

This study aimed to develop a draping manual for the basic bodice to be available in colleges and industries. For this, draping methods mentioned in six different textbooks were comparatively analyzed. As for the research method, draping methods were compared by using training textbook, and basic bodices designed with muslin were assessed using the 5-point Likert scale. First, the draping methods of basic bodices were comparatively analyzed. The main baselines were set as the center front line, the center back line, the bust line, and the shoulder blade line. The position of dart was suggested based on the princess line, in both the front and the back. The value of dart was classified as a fixed size with any associated excess. The length of dart was set based on the bust point and shoulder blade point or a fixed size. The amount of ease was randomly set based on the fixed size, bust circumference, waist circumference, interscye length, armholes and shoulder lines, or the worker's intuition. Second, according to the appearance evaluation of the patterns, the following patterns obtained the highest scores: A pattern 2.5cm away from the B.P point of the waist dart and shoulder dart in the frontal appearance, a pattern of 0.6~0.7cm ease for the front armhole, a pattern with an ease of 1.2cm in the bust and 0.6cm in the waist. As for back appearance, the pattern in which the point of waist dart is 2~3cm from the bust line received the highest score.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2004

As a result of high integration of semiconductor device, the global planarization of multi-layer structures is necessary. So the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) is widely applied to manufacturing the dielectric layer and metal line in the semiconductor device. CMP process is under influence of polisher, pad, slurry, and process itself, etc. In comparison with the general CMP which uses the slurry including abrasives, fixed abrasive pad takes advantage of planarity, resulting from decreasing pattern selectivity and defects such as dishing & erosion due to the reduction of abrasive concentration especially. This paper introduces the manufacturing technique of fixed abrasive pad using hydrophilic polymers with swelling characteristic in water and explains the self-conditioning phenomenon. And the tungsten CMP using fixed abrasive pad achieved the good conclusion in terms of the removal rate, non-uniformity, surface roughness, material selectivity, micro-scratch free contemporary with the pad life-time.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Instead of the surface pattern arranged repeatedly in two axial direction on a plane, we propose double patterns superposing two one-axial linear patterns as a reference target for surface encoding. A upper layer of the superposed pattern is the transparent glass with grooves cut in it at a fixed pitch. The position is sensed by detecting a shift of beam due to difference of a refractive index. And a lower layer is the aluminum with color-coated grooves. The amount of beam reflected on the layer varies according to its targeting position and is detected for encoding. For the above reference pattern, we can detect two-axial positions using only the single beam. Furthermore, the pattern size can be expanded with a size of the detector kept constant, meaning that the measured range can be expanded easily. In this paper, we review the existing optical encoding methods for grid pattern, and discuss the hardware implementation of the suggested surface encoding method.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1998

Fixed orthodontic appliances for the treatment of malocclusion has iatrogenic side effect such as demineralization of enamel, gingivitix and gingival hyperplasia. The purpose of this study is to longitudinally investigate the salivary microorganisms and immunoglobulin A after delivery of fixed orthodontic appliances for 10 months. Eight orthodontic patients were included in this study and the author has investigated the numbers of general bacteria, Streptococcus mutans Staphylococcus aureus and concentration of immunoglobulin A from unstimulated whole saliva. The author examined these parameters at prebracketing, 1 month after, 4 months after, 7 months after and 10 months after delivery of fixed orthodontic appliances. The obtained results were as follows : There were significant increases in the number of salivary general bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus after delivery of fixed orthodontic appliances The numbers of general bacteria were significantly increased at 1 month after (p<005), 4 months after (p<0.05), 7 months after (p<0.01), compared with prebracketing. However it showed no difference at 10 month after compared with 7 months after bracketing. The Numbers of Staphylococcus aureus were significantly increased at 1 month after (p<0.05), 4 months after(p<0.01), 7 month(p<0.01), compared with prebracketing. However it showed decreasing pattern at 10 months after compared with 7 months after bracketing. There was no significant difference in the concentration of immunoglobulin A after delivery of fixed orthodontic appliances.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.709-714
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• 2001

최근 차량의 경우 미리 설정된 쉬프트 패턴에 의해 변속되도록 고안된 자동변속기가 장착되어 있다. 자동변속기는 기존에 운전자가 수동으로 조작하는 방식과 달리, 자동으로 변속되므로 편안하고 편리하지만, 고정된 패턴을 이용해 변속하기 때문에 운전자의 의지를 반영하지 못한다. 운전자의 의지를 반영하기 위해서는 운전자의 성향뿐만 아니라, 차량의 상태도 같이고려해야한다. 이에, 차량의 상태와 운전자의 조작상태를 모듈 화시켜 학습하여 종합적인 운전성향을 판단하고, 반영하여 변속을 결정하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 모듈화된 신경망을 이용한 운전의지 판단 알고리즘을 자동차의 자동변속기에 적용하여, 기존에 운전자마다 동일하게 적용되던 고정된 패턴에 의해 변속되던 결과와 비교해 봄으로서, 운전자마다 다른 유동적인 운전의지를 반영한 결과가 우수함을 보이고자 한다.