• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.175-187
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• 2012

Hainan is the second largest and southernmost island of China, and it harbors many species of the family Gracilariaceae. In this study, we conducted molecular and morphological analyses of gracilarian specimens collected from Hainan Island, to clarify their taxonomic identity and phylogenetic relationships. Five species of Gracilariaceae in Hainan were determined through maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of rbcL sequence data. Based on the phylogenetic trees and morphology, Hainan specimens were identified as three species of Gracilaria, one species of Gracilariopsis, and one species of Hydropuntia, namely, G. salicornia, G. tenuistipitata, Gracilaria sp., Gp. bailiniae and H. edulis. This is the first report of the molecular phylogeny of Gracilariaceae on Hainan Island, and it helps to clarify the taxonomy and distribution of gracilarian species in the Asia-Pacific region.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Maek Kyoung(脈經) is a book written, compiled, and edited by Wang Hui circa 3 A.D. This book is the first technical book devoted to the diagnostics. These are very important data but never make a special study and translate. so I hope this treatise can be great help to understand diagnosis study. Methods: Maek Kyoung(脈經) consists of ten volumes, and the third volume consists of the five chapters, including inter-generation and inter-restriction of the five viscera and the six entrails and prognosis of diseases. This treatise is made up of principal, notes, study and conclusion, we tried to make a translation faithful to the original. Results and Conclusion: Chapter 5 refers to three things. The first is relation between kidney and urinary bladder, the second is ordinary and extraordinary pulse condition of kidney, and the third is how to treat diseases related to kidney.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Maek Kyoung(脈經) is a book written, compiled, and edited by Wang Hui circa 3 A.D. This book is the first technical book devoted to the diagnostics. These are very important data but never make a special study and translate. so I hope this treatise can be great help to understand diagnosis study. Methods: Maek Kyoung(脈經) consists of ten volumes, and the third volume consists of the five chapters, including inter-generation and inter-restriction of the five viscera and the six entrails and prognosis of diseases. This treatise is made up of principal, notes, study and conclusion, we tried to make a translation faithful to the original. Results and Conclusion: Chapter 3 refers to five things. The first is relation between spleen and stomach, the second is how to diagnose diseases by using intergneration and inter-restriction of five elements, the third is roles of spleen that has an influence on four viscera through four seasons, the forth is the fact that quantity of gastroqi decides prognosis of diseases, and the fifth is that climate change has influence on the seriousness of diseases. Chapter 4 refers to four things. The first is relation between lung and large intestines, the second is ordinary and extraordinary pulse condition of lung, the third is that pulse condition including its speed, and the forth is how to diagnose diseases by using intergneration and inter-restriction of five elements and climate change.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

Diverse endophytic fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized leaves of three species of conifers inhabiting various sites in Korea: Abies nephrolepis, Pinus koraiensis and Taxus cuspidate. The isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and sequences analysis of both internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of rDNA. In this paper, we report on five previously unreported species of endophytic fungi isolated from conifers: Biscogniauxia maritime, Nemania diffusa, Pezicula carpinea, Phomopsis juglandina and Sydowia polyspora.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

Objectives : In ministerial-fire theory(相火論) of Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪), the meanings of monarch-fire(君火) and ministerial-fire(相火) described in papers published nowadays are not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to rebuild a clear concept. Methods : To understand the relationships among 'heaven(天)'-'human(人)' and 'name(名)'-'position(位)', the core concept of the ministerial-fire theory(相火論) of Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪), I examined the relationships between 'heaven(天)' and 'human(人)' in Neo-Confucianism(性理學) of Song(宋) Dynasty and reviewed the notes of Wang Bing(王冰) which were quoted by Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪) to set the concept of monarch-fire(君火) and ministerial-fire(相火). I studied relevant texts. Results : In ministerial-fire theory(相火論) of Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪), monarch-fire(君火) is perceived as being from greed(人欲) that can cause hyperactivity(妄動) of ministerial-fire(相火), whereas ministerial-fire(相火) is perceived as being able to control monarch-fire(君火) by following the orders from heaven. This point of view is different from the past which recognized monarch-fire (君火) as the owner and ministerial-fire(相火) as the servant. Conclusions : Zhu Dan-Xi(朱丹溪) received the ideological impact of Neo-Confucianism, and accepted the notes of Wang Bing, recognized monarch-fire(君火) as 'name(名)' and ministerial-fire(相火) as 'position(位)', so he voiced the ministerial-fire theory(相火論) that perceived monarch-fire(君火) as fire(火) of the five processes(五行) of human body that came from greed, ministerial-fire(相火) as being in a position to hear the order from the 'heaven(天)' to control monarch-fire(君火). But the concept of ministerial-fire(相火) which he set connoted a confusing meaning of 'nature(性)' and 'way(道)' of Neo-Confucianism. In the later process to solve the problem, life-gate theory(命門學說) was raised, and many researchers had tried to remove the meaning of hyperactivity from the ministerial-fire(相火).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.184-190
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• 2022

Objectives : In our previous study, we developed the prototype of a lesson plan for meridian and acupuncture clinical skills education by applying the rapid prototyping to instructional systems design. The present study aimed to develop a teaching-learning manual, including the lesson plans, practice notes, and instructions for devices. We also aimed to present a guideline on how to use the manual in class. Methods : The manual and materials for teachers and learners were developed based on the solutions and the prototype derived from our previous study. Practical classes on meridian and acupuncture points consist of four major subjects, and the lesson plan and practice note were designed according to each topic. Results : Flipped learning, George's five-step method, peer role-play, and peer-led objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) were applied as main methodologies in the meridian and acupuncture points practical class. The teaching-learning manual, including practice notes, detailed lesson plan, OSCE checklist, and instruction manual for devices, was developed to be utilized at each stage of the learning activity. Conclusions : The application of the teaching-learning manual is expected to provide effective clinical skills education, strengthen learners' communication skills, establish professional identity, assess learners' performance, and provide immediate feedback. The educational effect of the manual for the existing class should be identified, and its feasibility should be verified by implementing it on another group. This manual could be helpful in designing classes for other subjects of Korean medicine, especially for clinical skills education.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.201-218
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to examine children's desires in a toy library and what they want to do there in order to reflect their opinions on constructing a toy library in a child care center. The study has been conducted by participatory observation on a 'toy library' project consisting of 20 five-year-olds attending B public child care center in Seoul. Observational notes were taken with voice and video recordings. The results of analysis on collected data are as follows. First, the children wanted to call the toy library a toy playground because a toy library is not for study but for play and they wanted space for rest and display with no surveillance camera. Second, they wanted to play freely without any interruption, even leaving things scattered and also wanted to play with parents and friends. Discussion followed in the view of children's right to play and to express their opinions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2011

Objectives : Pyoyubu (標幽賦), one of the classics in the science of acupuncture and moxibustion was written by Tu hankyoung (竇漢卿) during the Kum-Won dynasty of China (A.D 1196-1280). This paper is to explore his academic thoughts and make its correct interpretation with new copious notes. Methods : The translation was based on Original Chimgudaesung (原本鍼灸大成) and revisals of Chimguchuiyoung (鍼灸聚英), Yukyoungbuik (類經附翼), New Chimgudaesung (新鍼灸大成), etc. The format of this paper is in poetry and prose in order to abide by the original text. Results and Conclusions : The final part is devoted to five critical thinking on the text, which provides the fundamental principles and clinical guidelines for the current theory of acupuncture.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.427-430
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• 1992

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for the musical note recognition. Firstly, a given bit-mapped music score image is converted to a set of individual note pattern images via vertical projection. Then, the pitch of a note is determinal by comparison in the note-head position with the reference five-lines. Also, the length of a note is found via leader clustering with a set of normalized note patterns. Finally, a datafile to play the music is obtained using the pitch and length of musical notes. Experimental results with a simple musical score image show that the proposed scheme is performed well.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2012

Detailed descriptions of five species of the lichen genus Canoparmelia Elix & Hale. are presented. Until now, three species of the genus Canoparmelia, including C. apata (Krempelh.) Elix & Hale, C. owariensis (Asah.) Elix, and C. texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale have been reported in South Korea. Canoparmelia carneopruinata (Zahlbr.) Elix & Hale, C. crozalsiana (de Lesd.) Elix & Hale, and C. ecaperata (M$\ddot{u}$ll. Arg.) Elix & Hale are new to the South Korean lichen flora. An artificial key is provided for all species of Canoparmelia, including the three new records.