• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1988

The initial selection of plants is the decisive step in the ultimate success of any landscape planting. This study intended to establish a reasonable selecting criteria of tree in the landscape through the holistic consideration of aesthetic, functional, cultural, operational and ecological viewpoints. The matrices of evaluating the fitness of tree were modulated to 10 categories ; availability from the established nursery. aesthetic value, indigenous to the locality, maintenance, soil fertility requirement, environmental tolerances. growth rate. wild-life food production. use of plants in design and user's likes. This 10 categories were weighted to their fitness as high(10 points), medium(8 points) and low(5points). Thus suitable plants were identified which got 70 more points from total 100 points. Such a method was believed as a rational process to get trust from client. to persuade uneducated client and to be free from designer's prejudice through a case study. But it is important to landscape designer to recognize the relationship between the rationality which prevails throughout the modern technical world and the intuitive aspects of design that are essential for developing creative solutions to encourage creativity as well as analytical responsibility.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2013

본 연구는 야외 운동기구에 대한 안전기준이 마련되어 있으며, 제품 안전검사를 평가하는 TUV 기준을 적용하여 국내 거주지 주변에 보급된 야외 운동기구 제품의 안전성 실태를 규명하고 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 그리고 조달 판매량이 많은 12업체를 선정하고, 판매 선호도가 높은 10개의 야외 운동기구 제품을 대상으로 현장조사를 통해 평가한 결과, 안전성 평가 요구조건에 대한 야외 운동기구 평균 합격률이 55.1%로 평가되었다. 그리고 야외 운동기구의 고정상태에 대한 요구조건은 안전성이 높게 평가되었지만, 이용되는 유동 상태에 대한 요구조건은 안전성이 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, 판매 선호도가 높은 운동기구 제품이 다른 제품에 비교하여 안전성이 낮게 평가되었으며, 제작 업체에 따른 안전성 평가의 차이는 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 국내에서 보급되는 운동기구의 안전성이 높다고 볼 수 없으며, 향후 이용 중의 사고예방을 위해 법제정을 통한 안전기준 마련의 시급성을 시사하고 있다고 사료된다. 이러한 안전기준 마련은 사고예방뿐만 아니라, 야외 운동기구의 제작 업체의 경쟁력 강화에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 1998

This study was to evaluate residents' environmental cognition, satisfaction and needs of distinctive outdoor space in apartment housing estates. Distinctive outdoor space of 75 apartment estates throughout the country were investigated. And the residents of 16 apartment estates were asked how they cognize disticntive outdoor space qualities, and what activities they prefer in apartment's outdoor space. Thre important factors were extracted in residents' cognition of distinctive outdoor space qualities. First factor was naturalness of the greenery, second factor was outdoor activities especially related to fitness and exercise, and third factor was design of street furniture. Residents' satisfaction degree of distinctive outdoor space tended to increase as high as the occupied housing area. Places with water, tree shades, pedestrian way, greenery with flowers, playlots, fitness places and entrances of the estates were evaluated high in the order named. And places full with greenery, places related to fitness and exercisem, playlots were prefered by the residents.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2006

특징 선택 알고리즘들은 좋은 해를 찾기 위해 거대한 문제 공간을 폭넓게 효율적으로 탐색하여야 한다. 이 논문에서는 문제 공간의 적합도 지형을 통찰해보고자 하였으며, 알고리즘들의 탐색 능력을 개선하였다. 지역 최고값과 최저값에 대한 통계에 의해 해 공간을 조사한다. 또한 기존 알고리즘들의 동작을 분석하고 이들의 해를 개선하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.133-149
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• 2017

As cities face increasing problems such as aging, environmental pollution and growth limits, we have been trying to incorporate sustainability into urban planning and related policies. However, it is very difficult to generate a 'sustainable spatial plans' because there are trade-offs among environmental, society, and economic values. This is a kind of non-linear problem, and has limitations to be solved by existing qualitative expert knowledge. Many researches from abroad have used the meta heuristic optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms(GAs), Simulated Annealing(SA), Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) and so on to synthesize competing values in spaces. GAs is the most frequently applied theory and have been known to produce 'good-enough plans' in a reasonable time. Therefore we collected the research on 'spatial optimization model based GAs' and analyzed in terms of 'study area', 'optimization objective', 'fitness function', and 'effectiveness/efficiency'. We expect the results of this study can suggest that 'what problems the spatial optimization model can be applied to' and 'linkage possibility with existing planning methodology'.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2008

We examine the performance of genetic algorithms using binary encoding, with respect to a change of basis. Changing the basis can result in a change in the linkage structure inherent in the fitness function. We test three simple functions with differing linkage strengths and analyze the results. Based on an empirical analysis, we show that a better basis results in a smoother fitness landscape, hence genetic algorithms based on the new encoding method provide better performance.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2006

This study was carried out to create a master plan for an urban eco-forest, including concepts of forest restoration, forest management, and nature education. The concept of an urban eco-forest is different from the original eco-forest, which pursues the conservation of native species in their habitats, using the resources of special plants, etc. The study site was a hill (128m) managed as an urban natural park. Citizens have usually used the park for fitness purposes, as a place for outdoor exercise early mornings on weekdays and holidays. The result of a questionnaire survey showed that the users knew about the eco-forest, and they wanted to participate in the nature education programs. The flora and actual vegetation were weak about conservation of native species on the site. The framework of the plan consisted of development of the ecological forest and forest restoration, and allowed for recreation and the experience of nature, according to the concepts of the urban eco-forest. The landscape was divided into the experience zone of biodiversity, the experience zone of a valley ecosystem, the forest restoration zone, and the recreation and experience zone in nature. Based on this framework, detailed programs and theme areas were planned, as were forest restoration models and planting plans.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.83-126
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• 2023

본 연구는 벤처산업 생태계의 환경변화와 이에 따른 기업의 최적전략을 복잡계 관점에서 고찰해보고, 기업 및 업종 간 상호의존도가 심화됨에 따라 험난해지는 적합도지형의 국소최적점을 탈출하기 위해서는 탐험과 활용전략을 균형 있게 사용하는 양손잡이 전략이 필요하다는 가설을 설정하였다. 가설을 검증하기 위해서 신기술, 기업가, 소비자로 이루어진 행위자기반모형을 설계하여 슘페터 마크1/마크2와 같은 가상의 산업 환경에서 시뮬레이션 실험을 수행한 결과, 탐험과 활용을 균형 있게 사용하는 양손잡이 전략이 4개 환경 중 3개 환경에서 가장 높은 점수를 획득하며, 가장 우월한 전략임을 확인하였다. 행위자 기반 모델링 결과의 실증검증을 위하여 617개사의 벤처천억기업의 통계자료에서 활용과 탐험성향을 측정할 수 있는 지표를 선정해서 이를 기반으로 기업전략성향을 분석한 결과, 82%에 해당하는 기업들이 활용전략으로 분류되었으며, 양손잡이와 탐험전략으로 분류된 기업은 각각 9% 수준을 보였다. 가장 높은 성과를 보이는 전략은 양손잡이 전략이었으며 활용전략이 가장 낮은 성과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 1998

Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are population-based optimization methods based on the principle of Darwinian natural selection. The representative methodology in EAs is genetic algorithm (GA) proposed by J. H. Holland, and the theoretical foundations of GA are the Schema Theorem and the Building Block Hypothesis. In the meaning of these foundational concepts, simple genetic algorithm (SGA) allocate more trials to the schemata whose average fitness remains above average. Although SGA does well in many applications as an optimization method, still it does not guarantee the convergence of a global optimum in GA-hard problems and deceptive problems. Therefore as an alternative scheme, there is a growing interest in a co-evolutionary system, where two populations constantly interact and co-evolve in contrast with traditional single population evolutionary algorithm. In this paper we show why the co-evolutionary algorithm works better than SGA in terms of an extended schema theorem. And predator-prey co-evolution and symbiotic co-evolution, typical approaching methods to co-evolution, are reviewed, and dynamic fitness landscape associated with co-evolution is explained. And the experimental results show a co-evolutionary algorithm works well in optimization problems even though in deceptive functions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3389-3404
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• 2012

본 연구는 글로벌 전자책 플랫폼의 부상 과정과 유형을 구글, 아마존, 애플에 대한 사례연구방법(case study method)으로 분석하였다. 글로벌 전자책 플랫폼들은 급격히 변화되는 디지털 기술 환경과 각자의 주어진 적합도 지형(fitness landscape)에 적응하는 과정을 뚜렷이 보여주고 있다. 적응과 진화 과정에서 결정적인 요인이 된 것은 고유한 선택 범주(distinct selection criteria), 자원 풍요도(degree of resource abundance), 개방적 혁신에 기반한 탐색 과정(search process)이다. 이 요인들을 기반으로 글로벌 전자책 플랫폼들은 종분화(種分化, speciation) 과정에서 니치(niche)를 창출하였으며, 초기 조건(initial condition)인 핵심 자원(key resource)에 따라 경로 의존적으로 진화하였다. 각각의 전자책 플랫폼들은 오픈 플랫폼(open platform)과 하이브리드 플랫폼(hybrid platform), 그리고 클로우즈드 플랫폼(closed platform)으로 진화하였다. 구글 이북(eBook)은 안드로이드 기반의 다양한 단말기를 통해 주체들이 직접 운영하며 참여하는 개방성과 확장성을 특징으로 하며, 아마존 킨들(Kindle)은 온라인 대형 서점에서 확장되어 단말기와 유무선 모바일 네트워크까지 아우르며 개방성과 폐쇄성을 동시에 지닌 플랫폼으로 성장하고 있다. 또한 아이북스 스토어(iBooks Store)는 아이폰과 아이패드 등 하드웨어 경쟁력과 폐쇄성 기반의 에이전시 모형으로 진화하고 있다.