• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2021

Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) is a member of interferon-regulated transcription factor family and is known to play an important role in the innate immune response against viral infections. In this study, the expression of IRF3 in different tissues, developmental stages, and stocking densities of olive flounder was investigated. The expression of IRF3 was observed to gradually increase in early-stage juvenile fish. The highest expression was observed in later-stage juvenile fish when immune tissues were formed. High IRF3 expression was observed in the muscles and the brain tissues. The expression of IRF3 was observed in fish at different stocking densities after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. It yielded an interesting expression pattern in the muscles and the brain tissues of fish stocked at low density. These observations can be used as basic data for the study of the expression of immune response-related genes against viruses based on stocking density and immune systems in other fish species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.735-740
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the diploid and induced triploid cell cycles in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, tissues. The mean fraction of cells in the G₁, S, and G₂+M phases was 85.5%, 7.6%, and 6.9%, respectively, in the tail fin tissues of diploid fish and 91.2%, 3.6%, and 5.2%, respectively, in those of induced triploid fish. The mean fraction of cells in the G₁, S, and G₂+M phases were 78.4%, 10.6%, and 11.0%, respectively, in the liver tissues of diploid fish; 86.2%, 5.9%, and 7.9%, respectively, in those of induced triploid; 79.3%, 9.4%, and 11.3%, respectively, in the gill tissues of diploid fish; and 85.7%, 5.4%, and 8.9%, respectively, in the induced triploid fish. The differences among the tissues were statistically significant within both the diploid and induced triploid fish (p<0.05). Mitosis was more active in each tissue of the diploid fish than in the corresponding tissues of the induced triploid fish and mitosis was more active in the liver and gill tissues than in the tail fin tissues in both the diploid and induced triploid marine medaka.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.549-554
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• 2001

Thermal measurements were made for connective tissues of 5 different fish muscles by using a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), and connective tissues between muscle fibers and the cross sections of muscle fibers were observed by a light microscope. Red sea bream(cultured and wild) and flounder(cultured, cultured with obosan and wild) were used in this study. It was found that the connective tissues of cultured and frozen fish muscle required less endothermic enthalpy and the endothermic peak temperature was lower than those of wild and fresh ones when they were shrunken and denatured. Therefore, it is likely that the former are more unstable to heat than the latter. The cultured flounder fed with obosan and wild flounder which contained more collagen than cultured flounder and the wild red sea bream showed clear connective tissues between fibers. The cross-section of cultured fish muscle fiber was larger than that of wild one. From these results, collagen content and thermal properties of collagen, cross section of muscle fibers seemed to contribute to the textural difference between wild and cultured fish.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.569-575
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine bioaccumulation levels of total mercury on various fish tissues in two streams (Banseok and Hasin Stream) and one lake (Yeongsan Lake) during April-May 2007. We also determined natural background levels of total mercury bioaccumulation to evaluate relative individual impacts of fish and compared the levels with reference sites as a preliminary study to evaluate heavy metal stressor using fish. For the study, we collected fishes in the sampling sites and analyzed the concentrations of total mercury in the liver, kidney, gill, vertebral column, and muscle tissues using Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80, US EPA Method 7473). The levels varied depending on the types of waterbody and tissues used. Concentrations of total mercury ranged between 5.1${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ and 108.6 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ in the streams and between 5.3${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ and 87.3 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ in the reservoir, and the values were highest in the muscle tissues. Levels of natural background levels of total mercury, even though the sampling number was few, averaged 23.6 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ in the study sites. The individual and mean values in each system was not so high in terms of US EPA criteria of fish health and human health, indicating that the impact was minor in the study site. Further studies should be done for the determination of mercury levels in the systems.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.307-318
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to identify multi-level stressors from blood biomarkers to community-level bioindicators and diagnose the stream ecosystem health in polluted streams. Blood chemistry such as total protein ($T_{Pro}$), blood urea nitrogen ($B_{UN}$), total cholesterol ($T_{Cho}$) and $A_{lb}$umin ($A_{lb}$) were analyzed from sentinel fish tissues; the functions of kidney, gill and liver were significantly decreased in the impacted zone ($I_z$), compared to the control zone ($C_z$). Histopathological analysis showed that fish liver tissues were normal in the $C_z$. Fish liver tissues in the $I_z$, however, showed large cell necrosis and degeneration and also had moderate lobular inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytic histocytes. Species biotic index (SBI) at species level and stream health assessment (SHA) at community level indicated that chemical impacts were evident in the $I_z$ (ecological health; poor - very poor), and this was matched with the blood tissue analysis and histopathological analysis. The impairments of the streams were supported by water chemistry analysis (nitrogen, phosphorus). Tolerance guild analysis and trophic guild analysis of fish were showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between $C_z$ and $I_z$. Overall, multiple parameter analysis from biomarker level (blood tissues) to bioindicator level (community health) showed significantly greater impacts in the $I_z$ than $C_z$. This approach may be effective as a monitoring tool in identifying the multilateral and forthcoming problems related to chemical pollution and habitat degradation of stream ecosystems.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2008

This study was carried out to measure the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu) in water and Bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica) samples collected from Rasheed branch of River Nile, north of El-Giza Governorate, Egypt by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The investigated districts through which the branch passes include El-Manashi, Gezzaya, El Katta, Abo Ghaleb and Wardan. Based on WHO and FAO safety reference standards, the results of the current study showed that water and fish tissues were found to contain heavy metals at significantly variable concentration levels among the investigated districts. They were polluted with respect to all the metals tested at Gezzaya district. However, the levels of analyzed metals in water and fish tissues were found lower than legal limits in other districts. The heavy metals showed differential bioaccumulation in fish tissues of the different districts as the accumulation pattern (as total heavy metal residues) was district dependant as follow: Gezzaya > Wardan > El Katta > Abo Ghaleb > El Manashi.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

Analysis of quinidine for fish tissues using single drop microextraction (SDME) coupled with atmospheric pressure matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (AP-MALDI-MS) are reported. Optimization conditions; such as extraction solvent, extraction time, pH of the aqueous solution, salt additions (NaCl), stirring rate, matrix type and concentration are investigated. Linear dynamic range (${\mu}M$), limit of detection, relative recovery%, and enrichment factor are 0.08-9.2, 0.05, $94.8{\pm}3.1-98.5{\pm}3.3%$, $4.34{\pm}0.28-4.40{\pm}0.30$, respectively. SDME-AP-MALDI-MS shows good intraday and interday reproducibility.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.558-565
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• 1993

This study was carried out to observe the effects of dietary n-6, n-3 fatty acids and vitamin A levels on serum lipid contents and hepatic tissues in rats. Sixty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 6 weeks. The diets were composed of 10% of either corn oil or fish oil with three levels of vitamin A ; defient (1240IU/kg diet), adequate (4000IU/kg diet), excess(400,000IU/kg diet). It was observed that triglyceride content and lipoprotein ratio in serum were not affected by dietary fat types and vitamin A levels. However, total serum cholesterol contents were significantly lower in fish oil groups than in corn oil groups, which were not affected by vitamin A levels. Under light microscope, vitamin A excess groups showed pathological abnormalites, such as fatty change and inflammation of the hepatic tissues. There abnormalities were less severe in fish oil groups. These results suggested that fish oil could be a dietary factor lowering the serum lipid contents, and it seems to relieve the abnormal changes in liver induced by excess vitamin A.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1994

In order to elucidate the patterns of tissue damage evoked by the scuticociliatids, eighteen fingerlings of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, heavily infected with an unidentified scuticociliatid were histopathologically examined. Skin layer with the underlying musculature were severely necrotized due to the infestation of the ciliates. However in the early lesions, both dermis and myofibres remained relatively intact compared with other surrounding loose connective tissues. Mild damages were found in more dense tissues. One or more scuticociliatids were recognized in the blood and lymph vessels of the loose connective tissues with or without destructive changes. Many of nerve trunks or ganglia were also parasitized with less marked histological damage in the parenchyma. Dura and its adjacent tissues in the spinal cord were severely necrotized with massive accumulation of the ciliates in subdural space. The parasitic invasion in the central nervous system was usually confined to the cortical region. In the gill, variable degenerative changes were occurred due to the invasion of the ciliates recognized in the blood vessels of branchial arches or primary filaments. From these results, it was strongly suggested that the scuticociliatids are very actively penetrated into the deep tissues mainly through the severe destruction of the loose connective tissue components and that the vascular system could play a role in the rapid distribution of the ciliates to the remote tissues or organs.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 1995

To elucidate the distributional pattern of macrophages within lymphomyeloid tissues according to the disease process, tilapias, teleostean fish, were intraperitoneally injected with live Edwardsiellatarda and its extracellular product(ECP) respectively. And then histopathological examination for the spleen and gead kidney were carried out for the individuals which had not any clinical signs. In the group injected with live E. tarda, macrophages were densely organized into MMC-like structures with showing some degree of recovery in histological arrangement. At the 2nd week, overall structures of the lymphomyeloid tissues became normal, accompanying the disappearance of most of macrophage groups. Also in case of ECP injection, quite similar findings were observed. Moreover, macrophage collections and hypertrophied ellipsoids were recognized at 1hour after the injection of ECP in head kidney and spleen, respectively. These results suggested that characteristic behaviors of macrophages in lymphomyeloid tissues would be used as important morphological criteria for early diagnosis of edwarsiellosis or possibly of other infectious diseases.