• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2014

We examined the effects of dietary nutrient content, feeding period, and feed allowance on compensatory growth, food use, chemical composition, and serum chemistry of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. We placed 720 juvenile fish into 24 400-L flow-through round tanks (30 fish per tank).A $2{\time}2{\time}2$ factorial design (diet: control (C) and high protein and lipid (HPL) ${\time}$ feeding period: 8 and 6 weeks ${\time}$ feed allowance: 100% and 90% of satiation) was applied. Fish were hand-fed twice daily, based on the designated feeding schedule. Weight gain and food consumption were affected by both the feeding period and feed allowance, but not by diet. The food efficiency ratio was not affected by diet, feeding period, or feed allowance, but the protein efficiency ratio and protein retention were affected by diet and feeding period, respectively. We found that the full compensatory growth of fish was not achieved at a restricted feeding allowance.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate dietary protein sources replacing fish meal for parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus. A control diet with white fish meal as a protein source was included. White fish meal in the isonitrogenous diet was replaced with each of 22% meat meal, 17% blood meal, or 31% soybean meal. Triplicate groups of 25 fish initially averaging 26 g were fed four experimental diets for 7 weeks in a flow-through tank system. Weight agin and feed efficiency in fish fed diet containing 17% blood meal (this diet also contained 45% white fish meal) were not significantly different from those in fish fed the control diet (P>0.05). Fish fed diet containing 22% meat meal had lower weight gain and feel efficiency than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). weight gain of fish fed diet containing 31% soybean meal was not different from that of fish fed the control diet, but feed efficiency of fish fed the diet was lower than that of fish fed the control diet.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

Food garbage fermented with microbial starter was formulated to diet for the growth of juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Two replicate groups of fish, an average weight of 4.0g, were fed the four isocaloric (19.5 MJ/kg diet) diets with different fermented food garbage levels $(0,\;5,\;10\;and\;15\%)$ for 45 days. Survival, feed efficiency, hepatosomatic index and protein efficiency ratio of fish were not affected by dietary fermented food garbage level (P>0.05). Weight gain of fish fed the diets with 5, 10 and $15\%$ fermented food garbage was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). Condition factor of fish fed the diet with $10\%$ fermented food garbage was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). Daily feed intake of fish fed the diets with 5 and $15\%$ fermented food garbage was significantly higher than the control diet (P<0.05). Proximate composition of whole body and plasma glucose concentration were not affected by dietary fermented food garbage level (P>0.05). These findings indicate that fermented food garbage could be utilized as a feed ingredient for juvenile flounder.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

Flounder were fed a reference diet and test diets containing various feed ingredients: mackerel fish meal, meat meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat gluten, corn gluten meal and brewer's yeast. Apparent digestibility was determined using a reference diet with 0.5% chromic oxide indicator and test diets contained 70% reference diet and 30% of the feed ingredient being evaluated. Apparent digestibility coefficients for amino acid and energy in the reference and test diets were determined, and digestibility coefficients for the test ingredients were calculated based on differences in the digestibility of test diets relative to the reference diet. The fish averaging 300 g were held in 2000 L tanks at a density of 20 fish per tank. Feces were collected from three replicate groups of fish using a fecal collection column attached to fish rearing tank. Apparent total amino acids digestibilities(90-95%) of mackerel fish meal, soybean meal, wheat gluten, corn gluten meal and brewer's yeast were higher than those of meat meal and wheat flour(P<0.05). Apparent energy digestibilities(86-98%) of mackerel fish meal, meat meal, soybean meal, wheat gluten and corn gluten meal were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of wheat flour and brewer's yeast. These results provide useful information about nutrient and energy utilization for flounder.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile Chinese longsnout catfish. Triplicate groups of fish (initial average weight, 3.8 g) were fed four diets containing either fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) and lauric acid (LA) for 10 weeks. There were no differences among the groups in body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and body proximate composition of fish fed the diets containing different lipid sources (P > 0.05) during the study. However, fatty acids compositions of the whole body were influenced by dietary lipid source. Fish fed the SO diet had high concentration of linoleic acid, whereas those of fish fed the LO diet were rich in linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. Fish fed the FO diet had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids such as 18:1n-9 and 20:1n-9 than those of fish fed the SO and LO diets. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) composition of body were not influenced by dietary lipid source. The results suggest that each of FO, SO, LO or LA can be used as a lipid source in the diets of Chinese longsnout catfish without any negative effects on growth and feed utilization and these data demonstrate the potential impact which dietary fat composition can change the body fatty acid profile.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1996

여러 가지 어분의 이용성을 검토하기 위해 어분의 종류와 혼합비를 달리한 실험사료로 2회에 걸쳐 사육 실험을 실시하였다. 단백질원으로 북양어분 간접식을 $100\%$ 첨가한 사료와 북양어분을 갈색어분으로 $100\%$ 대체한 2종류의 실험사료를 제조하여 평균체중 5.7g의 조피볼락을 대상으로 45일간 사육한 결과, 최종평균체중, 증중율 및 사료효율 모두 갈색어분 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의하게 낮은 값을 보인 반면 (P<0.05), 일간 사료섭취량, 단백질 및 지질축적율과 단백질 및 지질의 외견상 소화율은 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 단백질원으펀 북양어분 간접식 $100\%$ 첨가구 (대조구)와 북양어된 간접식을 북양어분 직접식으로 $50\%$ 및 $100\%$ 대체한 실험구, 갈색어분으로 $50\%$ 및 $100\%$ 대체한 실험구 및 어류가수분해단백질로 $50\%$ 대체한 실험구를 설정하여 평균체중 86.6g의 조피볼락을 21주간 사육한 결과, 사육기간에 따른 체중의 변화는 사료간에 거의 차이가 없이 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 최종평균체중, 증중율, 사료효율, 지질축적율은 어분종류에 따른 유의차가 인정되지 않았다(P>0.05). 단백질축적율은 갈색어분 $50\%$ 대체구가 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으나(P<0.05), 모든 실험구의 값이 $22.4\~25.0\%$의 범위로 큰 차이는 없었다. 두 실험 모두 전어체의 단백질 및 지질 함량은 사료의 어분종류나 첨가비에 따른 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 위의 결과들로 보아 성장효과가 어체 크기에 따라 달라짐을 알 수 있고, 성장함에 따라 어분 이용성의 선택 폭이 넓어지므로 어체 크기에 따라 배합사료의 주 단백질원을 적절히 조정하여 값비싼 북양 어분 간접식은 다른 값싼 어분으로 일부 또는 완전히 대체 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.23.1-23.7
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• 2016

The effects of daily feeding frequency (Exp I), water temperature (Exp II), and stocking density (Exp III) on the growth of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus, juvenile fish of 10 and 40 g in body weight were examined to develop effective techniques to produce river puffer in a non-exchange water system. In Exp I, fish were fed commercial floating feed with 45 % protein one to five times per day to apparent satiation each by hand daily for 8 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. In both the 10- and 40-g size groups, the final body weight, daily feed consumption, and weight gain of fish fed one meal per day were significantly lower than those of fish fed five meals per day (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the final body weight, daily feed consumption, and weight gain among fish fed two, three, and five meals per day. Feed efficiency showed decreasing tendency with increasing size of fish. In Exp II, fish of 10 and 40 g in initial body weight were reared with the commercial feed at $15-30^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. The weight gain of fish increased with raising water temperature up to $25^{\circ}C$ and decreased drastically at $30^{\circ}C$ for both sizes. The Q10 of specific growth rate was decreased with raising water temperature from 5.04 (temperature interval, $15-20^{\circ}C$) to 0.66 ($25-30^{\circ}C$) for the 10-g fish and from 4.98 to 0.31 for the 40-g fish. In Exp III, the effect of stocking density on growth was examined with fish of 10 and 40 g in initial body weight. The final body weight for initial stocking densities of 4, 8, and $12kg/m^3$ was significantly higher than that of $20kg/m^3$ for the 10-g fish, and the final stocking density reached 10.1, 19.2, 28.7, and $39.9kg/m^3$, respectively. For the 40-g fish, the final body weight for initial stocking densities of 3 and $6kg/m^3$ was significantly higher than that of 9 and $15kg/m^3$ and the final stocking density reached 7.38, 13.5, 17.1, and $27.5kg/m^3$, respectively (P < 0.05). In both groups, weight gain tended to decrease with increasing stocking density; however, survival showed no significant difference.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.271-273
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• 2000

Recently, possibility of low protein diet with high energy level for improvement of fish production has been proposed in several fish species, especially under restricted feeding rate, fish responded better on high energy diet than low energy diet McGoogan and Gatlin (1999) stressed another benefit of low protein diet with high energy for fish production, in terms of reduction of nitrogen waste from fish metabolism However, others reported no effect of high lipid in feed on performance of fish (Jover et al. 1999). This was probably because that energy availability o requirement for fish varied based on fish species, protein content or quality in feed, rearing water temperature condition and feeding ration. (omitted)

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.810-817
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• 2014

Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded pellet (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) in the juvenile (experiment I) and sub-adult (experiment II) stages of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The fish were distributed randomly to three aquarium tanks, as a group of 1,200 fish (initial mean weight $13.5{\pm}1.76g$) in experiment I, and as a group of 390 fish (initial mean weight $385{\pm}15.3g$) in experiment II. In experiment I, the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival of fish fed EP were all significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. In experiment II, no significant differences were observed in weight gain, specific growth rate and survival between the EP and MP groups. However, the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed EP were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP. The results of this study indicate that EP could be developed to replace MP for market size production of olive flounder without any adverse effects on the growth performance. The dietary formulation used in this study could be used as an appropriate feed for olive flounder.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2013

This study compared the effects of diets consisting of experimental extruded pellets (EP), commercial soft extruded pellets (SEP), and raw-fish-based moist pellets (MP) on the growth, flesh quality, and histology of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Three replicated groups of 60 fish each (initial mean weight 152 g) were fed one of two experimental EPs (EP1 and EP2), two commercial SEPs (SEP1 and SEP2), or MP for 11 weeks. The survival, weight gain, and final mean weight of the fish did not differ significantly among the groups. The highest feed efficiency was in fish fed MP (P<0.05), and the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed MP was significantly higher than that of fish fed EP1, EP2, or SEP1, but not significantly different from that of fish fed EP2. The daily feed intake of the fish fed the EPs and SEPs was significantly higher than that of the fish fed MP (P<0.05). The condition factor, Hepatosomatic Index, and Viscerasomatic Index of the fish did not differ significantly among the groups. No notable differences in the textural properties of the dorsal muscle, plasma biochemical parameters, or histological features of the fish were observed in fish fed any diet. This suggests that extruded pellets can be used to feed growing Korean rockfish without compromising growth, flesh quality, or histopathological change in comparison to raw fish-based moist pellets.