• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the association between the dietary intake of fish and shellfish, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the middle-aged Korean female patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed with 356 female patients (means age: 55.5 years), who were recruited from the Huh's Diabetes Clinic in Seoul, Korea between 2005 and 2011. The dietary intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis program (CAN-Pro) version 4.0 software. RESULTS: In a multiple regression analysis after the adjustment for confounding factors such as age, BMI, duration of diagnosed T2D, alcohol consumption, fiber intake, sodium intake, and total energy intake, fish and shellfish intake of the subjects was negatively associated with triglyceride and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Omega-3 PUFAs intake was negatively associated with triglyceride, systolic blood pressures, diastolic blood pressures, and PWV. The multiple logistic regression analysis with the covariates showed a significant inverse relationship between the omega-3 PUFAs consumption and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia [OR (95% CI) for greater than the median compared to less than the median: 0.395 (0.207-0.753)]. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the consumption of fish and shellfish, good sources of omega-3 PUFAs, may reduce the risk factors for CVD in the middle-aged female patients with T2D.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.354-360
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• 1997

This study was intended that the biochemical patterns, bioserological characteristics, resistance of antibiotics, and transferable resistance patterns of 35 Dscherichia coli strains from 79 fish and shellfish samples in marine markets from August to October, 1995. The Standard plate count, coliforms and fecal coliforms were also counted in the 79 cases and analysed the correlationship each other. Geometric means of Standard plate count in seawater fish, shellfish, mollusca and crustacean were 1.4$\times$105 CFU/g, 4.0$\times$105 CFU/g, 2.4$\times$105 CFU/g, 4.7$\times$105 CFU/g, and those of coliforms were 1.3$\times$103 CFU/g, 4.8$\times$103 CFU/g, 8.9$\times$102 CFU/g, 5.8$\times$103 CFU/g. There were no fecal coliforms in the fish and mollusc. However, the geometric means of coliforms in the shellfish and crustacean (1.1$\times$101 CFU/100g, 10 CFU/100 g) were less than those of fish and mollusca. The important biochemical characteristics of E. coli distinguished from the shellfish and crustacean were motility, ornithine decarboxylase, mucate, esculin. The fermentative properties of E. coli were also sucrose, salicin, sorbitol, and raffinose. Of 35 isolates of E. coli, 13 strains (37.1%) showed the pathogenic O antisera, which were O:27 3 strains (23.1%), ):159 2 strains (15.4%) and ):148, O:119, O:142, O:158, O:136, O:18, O:128, and O:168 1 strain (7.7%),respectively.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2021

Objectives: The study aims to examine the variation over roughly the past 10 years (from 2008 to 2018) in the estimated daily dietary Pb intake (Pb-D) based on the variations of daily intake amount and Pb content in respective food groups. The following factors were considered: (1) variation of estimated value of Pb-D, (2) Pb contents in each food group and (3) the most influential food group for dietary Pb intake. Methods: Estimated values of Pb-D were taken from food consumption by the food groups reported in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and the Pb content of each food group as reported in 19 previous publications. Variation from 2008 to 2018 of Pb intake was calculated from daily intake amount and Pb content in each food group. Results: The survey showed that main Pb intake sources were the food groups 'meats and poultry' and 'fish and shellfish'. These food groups showed gradually increased Pb exposure from 2008 to 2018. Estimated daily Pb intake was 42.18 to 57.68 ㎍/day for men and 30.97 to 42.54 ㎍/day for women. Both men and women showed slightly increased dietary Pb intake from 2008 to 2018. The food groups 'meats and poultry' and 'fish and shellfish' proved the highest Pb intake food groups. Estimated Pb intake from 'meats and poultry' was 8.47 to 12.98 ㎍/day and that of 'fish and shellfish' was 5.63 to 10.10 ㎍/day. Conclusion: Over the past ten years, daily Pb intake has slightly increased in men and women. The food groups 'meats and poultry' and 'fish and shellfish' might be the main variation factors of Pb intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.447-459
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• 2017

본 연구는 2015년 KNHANES 자료를 이용하여 30~64세 전당뇨병 대상자들의 유제품 및 어패류의 식품섭취와 대사증후군 위험인자와의 관련성을 분석하였다. 전당뇨병군과 혈당 정상군의 일반적인 특성에서 대사증후군 위험인자 관련 생화학적 지표가 유의적 차이를 보였다. 전당뇨병군의 유제품 섭취량에 따라 분석한 결과, 유제품 섭취 중앙값 (187.0 g) 이상 대상자의 대사증후군 위험인자 중 혈중 TC 수준과 양의 연관성을 보였다. 총 에너지 섭취량, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방, MUFAs 및 무기질 섭취량은 중앙값 이상 대상자에서 유의적으로 높았으나, 대사증후군 위험인자에 대한 보호효과는 유의적이지 않았다. 어패류 섭취량에 따른 대사증후군 위험인자와의 연관성을 분석한 결과 BP와 혈중 LDL-C 수준은 중앙값 이상 섭취하였을 때 상승할 확률이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 섭취 유제품의 유형과 함유성분을 고려한 연구 수행이 필요할 것으로 보이며, 어패류는 식사의 반찬으로 제공되는 경우가 많기 때문에 적절한 섭취량 뿐 아니라 조리방법과 함께 섭취하는 식품에 대한 추가 분석을 수행하여 건강에 미치는 효과를 명확하게 규명할 연구수행이 수반되어야 할 것이다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2009

Regional variation in the fatty acid content of shellfish was investigated on 5 species of Korean shellfish including murex shell, ark shell, jack-knife clam, orient hard clam, and little neck clam that were originated from 2 geographically different regions in Korea (Region 1: South coast, $34-35^{\circ}N$, $127-129^{\circ}E$; Region 2: West coast, $36-38^{\circ}N$, $126-127^{\circ}E$). Significant regional difference in total fatty acids content was observed in murex shell and little neck clam (p<0.01), but not in the other species of shellfish. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids including n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were appreciably higher in murex shell from Region 2 and in little neck clam from Region 1 than the shellfish originated from their counterpart areas (p<0.05). Nevertheless, relative percentages of the fatty acids remained constant within same species regardless of geographic regions or species. Considering the facts of that the fish/shellfish are unique sources of n-3 fatty acids and a little neck clam is the most-consumed shellfish in Korea, n-3 fatty acids intake might vary with the habitat of the shellfish that Koreans consume.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

This study analyzed the levels of N-nitrosamine(NA) and its precursors such as nitrite, nitrate, dimethylamine and trimethylamine in 10 samples of mollusk fish, 4 samples of crustacea fish and 11 samples of shellfish from fish distributed in a local markets. Mollusk fishes had nitrite concentrations ranging from non-detectable(ND) to 9.4 mg/kg, crustacea fishes ND to 8.8 mg/kg, and shellfishes ND to 4.3 mg/kg. Nitrates in mollusk fishes ranged from ND to 19.3 mg/kg, crustacea fishes 4.1 to 79.9 mg/kg, and shellfishes 1.5 to 61.9 mg/kg. DMK concentrations were 11.2 to 551.4 mg/100g in mollusk fishes, 44.4 to 79.9 mg/100g in crustacea fishes, and 1.3 to 5.9 mg/100g in shellfishes. TMA concentrations in mollusk fishes, crustacea fishes, and shellfishes were 10.3${\sim}$292.4 mg/100g, 35.5${\sim}$90.3 mg/100g, and 2.3${\sim}$17.1 mg/100g respectively. Only N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected for NA in fish distributed in local markets. NDMA contentrations ranged from ND to 41.4 ${\mu}g/kg$ in mollusk fishes, 3.0 to 47.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ in crustacea fishes, and 1.7 to 12.1 ${\mu}g/kg$ in shellfishes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.28.1-28.7
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• 2016

Background: Significant increases in the bacterial resistance to various antibiotics have been found in fish farms. Non-antibiotic therapies for infectious diseases in aquaculture are needed. In recent years, light-emitting diode technology has been applied to the inactivation of pathogens, especially those affecting humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of blue light (wavelengths 405 and 465 nm) on seven major bacterial pathogens that affect fish and shellfish important in aquaculture. Results: We successfully demonstrate inactivation activity of a 405/465-nm LED on selected bacterial pathogens. Although some bacteria were not fully inactivated by the 465-nm light, the 405-nm light had a bactericidal effect against all seven pathogens, indicating that blue light can be effective without the addition of a photosensitizer. Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda were the most susceptible to the 405-nm light (36.1, 41.2, and $68.4J\;cm^{-2}$, respectively, produced one log reduction in the bacterial populations), whereas Streptococcus parauberis was the least susceptible ($153.8J\;cm^{-2}$ per one log reduction). In general, optical density (OD) values indicated that higher bacterial densities were associated with lower inactivating efficacy, with the exception of P. damselae and Vibrio harveyi. In conclusion, growth of the bacterial fish and shellfish pathogens evaluated in this study was inactivated by exposure to either the 405- or 465-nm light. In addition, inactivation was dependent on exposure time. Conclusions: This study presents that blue LED has potentially alternative therapy for treating fish and shellfish bacterial pathogens. It has great advantages in aspect of eco-friendly treating methods differed from antimicrobial methods.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2020

A variety of shellfish species sold for human consumption are available for purchase in the domestic fish market. The microalgae families inhabit the ocean, where planktons supply the main nutritional resource for the growth of shellfish. Some phytoplanktons produce toxic compounds that are accumulated in shellfish and ultimately cause toxicity in humans. This article reports the cytotoxicity of commercially available shellfish species. Accordingly, hot water extract (HWE) and an aqueous fraction of 50% methanol extract (MEE-AF) showed no significant cytotoxicity on the two cell lines (i.e., HL-60 and Vero cell lines), but 50% methanol extract (MEE) in 3, 6 samples showed 50% cytotoxic effects on HL-60 cells, and 1, 4 samples showed 40%, 20% cytotoxic effects on Vero cells, respectively. In addition, their consequential dichloromethane fractions (MEE-DF) exhibited significant toxicities at the highest concentration (1,000 ㎍/ml) on HL-60 and Vero cells. Since the shellfish samples showed cytotoxicity in the dichloromethane fraction, it is possible that the dichloromethane fraction contains marine toxins. Further research will be needed to identify the toxic components from each sample.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2005

구룡포항에서 수획한 어패류에 함유된 유기주석화합물인 BT 화합물의 농도를 분석한 결과, 어류에 함유된 TBT, DBT, MBT의 농도는 각각 $15.68{\sim}52.93\;ng/g$(평균 28.65 ng/g), $13.95{\sim}72.16\;ng/g$(평균 26.99 ng/g), $37.73{\sim}133.59\;ng/g$(평균 85.18 ng/g)으로 분석되었다. 또한 어류의 근육보다는 내장에 BT 화합물이 더 많이 축적되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 패류에서의 TBT, DBT, MBT 농도는 각각 $42.15{\sim}56.13\;ng/g$(평균 50.94 ng/g), $34.16{\sim}52.82\;ng/g$(평균 42.79 ng/g), $41.25{\sim}72.60\;ng/g$(평균 53.71 ng/g)으로 분석되어 패류의 BT 화합물 함유량이 어류의 BT 화합물 함유량보다 다소 높았다. 또한 어류에 함유된 PT 화합물의 농도를 분석한 결과 TPT와 DPT의 농도가 각각 $0.47{\sim}3.90\;ng/g$(평균 2.33 ng/g), $ND{\sim}0.56\;ng/g$(0.15 ng/g)이었으며 MBT는 검출되지 않았다. 패류의 PT 화합물의 농도는 TPT가 $10.24{\sim}21.67\;ng/g$(평균 17.45 ng/g, DPT가 $3.32{\sim}4.78\;ng/g$(평균 3.91 ng/g), MPT가 $0.11{\sim}0.36\;ng/g$(평균 0.25 ng/g)으로 분석되었다. 한편 어류에 함유된 유기주석화합물의 비율을 볼 때, BT 화합물의 경우 MBT 비율이 높게 나타난 반면 PT 화합물에서는 TPT 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전체적으로 볼 때 구룡포항에서 수획한 어패류의 유기주석화합물 농도는 국내 다른 항구의 어패류보다 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.160-163
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• 2003

Mortality of several species of fish and shellfish exposed to Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Heterosigam akashiwo, Alexandrium tamarense, Eutreptiella gymnastica, Heterocapsa triquetra and Prorocentrum micans was studied. When fish were exposed to a cell density of 8,000 cells $mL^{-1}$ in C. polykrikoides, $35\%$ of flatfish and darkbanded rockfish died within 48 hrs. However, jacopever rockfish had mortality of higher than $85\%$. Rock bream, filefish and red sea bream showed $100\%$ mortality within 10 hrs with an exposure cell density of 8,000 cells $mL^{-1}$. The rest of HABs except for C. polykrikoides showed that there was no fish and shellfish death throughout the 48 hrs even in the maximum cell density of 100,000 cells $mL^{-1}$ These results imply that C. polykrikoides can have a serious impact on fish mortality and it is regarded as an ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate. The fish death may be attributed to anoxia caused by a combination of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polysaccharide from C. polykrikoides during blooms.