• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal volume of injected cement and its distribution when used to treat vertebral compression fractures, and to identify factors related to subsequent vertebral fractures. Methods : A retrospective analysis of newly developing vertebral fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty was done. The inclusion criteria were that the fracture was a single first onset fracture with exclusion of pathologic fractures. Forty-three patients were included in the study with a minimum follow up period of six months. Patients were dichotomized for the analysis by volume of cement, initial vertebral height loss, bone marrow density, and endplate-to-endplate cement augmentation. Results : None of the four study variables was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of a subsequent vertebral compression fracture. In particular, and injected cement volume of more or less that 3.5 cc was not associated with occurrence (p = 0.2523). No relation was observed between initial vertebral height loss and bone marrow density (p = 0.1652, 0.2064). Furthermore, endplate-to-endplate cement augmentation was also not found to be significantly associated with a subsequent fracture (p = 0.2860) by Fisher's exact test. Conclusion : Neither volume of cement, initial vertebral height loss, bone marrow density, or endplate-to-endplate cement augmentation was found to be significantly related to the occurrence of a subsequent vertebral compression fracture. Our findings suggest that as much cement as possible without causing leakage should be used.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.373-383
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• 2006

The spatial mapping of risk is very useful data in planning for disaster preparedness. This research presents a methodology for making the landslide life risk map in the Boeun area which had considerable landslide damage following heavy rain in August, 1998. We have developed a three-stage procedure in spatial data analysis not only to estimate the probability of the occurrence of the natural hazardous events but also to evaluate the uncertainty of the estimators of that probability. The three-stage procedure consists of: (i)construction of a hazard prediction map of "future" hazardous events; (ii) validation of prediction results and estimation of the probability of occurrence for each predicted hazard level; and (iii) generation of risk maps with the introduction of human life factors representing assumed or established vulnerability levels by combining the prediction map in the first stage and the estimated probabilities in the second stage with human life data. The significance of the landslide susceptibility map was evaluated by computing a prediction rate curve. It is used that the Bayesian prediction model and the case study results (the landslide susceptibility map and prediction rate curve) can be prepared for prevention of future landslide life risk map. Data from the Bayesian model-based landslide susceptibility map and prediction ratio curves were used together with human rife data to draft future landslide life risk maps. Results reveal that individual pixels had low risks, but the total risk death toll was estimated at 3.14 people. In particular, the dangerous areas involving an estimated 1/100 people were shown to have the highest risk among all research-target areas. Three people were killed in this area when landslides occurred in 1998. Thus, this risk map can deliver factual damage situation prediction to policy decision-makers, and subsequently can be used as useful data in preventing disasters. In particular, drafting of maps on landslide risk in various steps will enable one to forecast the occurrence of disasters.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2006

Imbecility, Parkinson's disease, the brain disease occurrence rate such as motor nerve disease are increasing rapidly since 1980 years, according to the Britain, the United States of America, Japan, Germany, result that investigate the spanish occurrence rate, was expose that imbecility mortality including Alzheimer's disease increased more than man case 3 triple and man and woman of brain disease mortality increases by about 50% with Parkinson's disease and motor nerve disease. <중략> first of all, courtesy call is important. So that can find out danger benevolence and occurrence danger at early stage, person arranged brain vein because examination does special Quality examination and modelling Tuesday embodying possible Cerebrovascular Ultrasonogram (brain vein supersonic waves) and prove excellency of performance from time to time. Is going to apply to brain disease patient of other disease if supplement system hereafter, and this research tried to study special quality that standardization is not producing poetic theme width directly and approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.74-83
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• 2020

In Korea, about 110,000 LPG small storage tanks of less than three tons have been installed in restaurants, houses and factories, and are used as LPG supply facilities for cooking, heating and industrial use. In the case of combustible liquefied gas storage tanks, the tank may rupture due to the temperature increase of the tank steel plate (approximately 600℃) even when the safety valve is operating normally, causing large-scale damage in an instant. Therefore, in the event of a fire near the LPG small storage tank, it is necessary to accurately predict the timing of the BLEVE(Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) outbreak in order to secure golden time for lifesaving and safely carry out fire extinguishing activities. In this study, we have first investigated the results of a prior study on the prediction of the occurrence of BLEVE in the horizontal tanks. And we have developed thermodynamic models and simulation program on the prediction of BLEVE that can be applied to vertical tanks used in Korea, have studied the effects of the safety valve's ability to vent, heat flux strength of external fires, size of tanks, and gas remaining in tanks on the time of BLEVE occurrence and have suggested future utilization measures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 1978

Utilizing Foley catheter in therapy of inpatient cause bacteriuria and urinary tract infection that leads to first ranked factor's in hospital infection (nosocomial infection). To protect the patient from such infections, emphasis should be placed on catheterization technique and management of the closed drainage system, this reducing the chances of introducing organisms. This study has been done at Intensive Care Unit of A and B hospitals from May-Oct. 1978 on 20 male and 18 female adult patients. Each patient was screened and found to have nonbacteriuria in clean catch specimen before catheterization. Clean catch specimen via foley catheter were obtained after 48 hours and 96 hours from catheterization. The findings are as follows: A. The occurrence of bacteriuria in patients according to duration of indwelling catheter. 1 213.9% of the patient showed evidence of bacteriuria 48h post catheterization specimen, while 57.9% of the patient showed evidence of bacteriuria 96h post catheterization specimen. 2 25% of male patients had infection 48h post catheterization and 45% displayed bacteriuria post catheterization. 33％ of female patients displayed infection 48h post catheterization and 72.2% having infection 96h post catheterization. Statistically there were significant differences between female patients and the duration of insertion. (P < 0.025) B. The occurrence of bacteriuria with the administration of bacteriuria with the ad-ministration of antibiotic in 24 patients was in 41,7%. The occurrence of bacteriuria without the administration of antibiotic in 14 patients was in 92.3%. Statistically there were very significant difference between the administration of the antibiotis and bacteriuria. (P < 0.005) C. Studies were done according to the consciousness level of the patients, 71.4% of those patient who displayed mental disorder developed bacteriuria, while 30.0% of those patient who displayed non mental disorder developed bacteriuria.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.127-137
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• 2000

This study presents an analysis of the characteristics of vertical ozone distribution near the surface using ozonesonde data(l995 to 1998), plus surface ozone and meteorological data from the Pohang region. These features were examined in detail using three case studies. The first related to episodes of high surface ozone concentrations during the Spring season when the frontogenesis between the high and low pressure associated with the upper-level jet stream was found to be located near the surface. The second was a 5-day winter period(l3 -17 December, 1997) in the Pohang province when the hourly concentrations exceeded 90 ppb on several occasions owing to low-level jets(LLJs) induced by a nocturnal stable layer. Accordingly, this explains why the high surface ozone concentrations occurred at night as the ozone was transported across the zone by a strong wind speed( over 12.5 ms .1). The third case study was ozone enhancement due to photochemical reactions. In this case, the maximum concentration of ozone exceeded 60 ppb in the summer(23 -28 August, 1997). When an ozone peak appeared within the boundary layer, the occurrence frequency of a low-level jet due to the nocturnal stable layer was about 77%, similarly the occurrence frequency of a near-surface ozone peak relative to the appearance of an LLJ was about 76%. Accordingly, there is clearly a close correlation between the occurrence of LLJs and near-surface ozone peaks.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is to examine the relationship between safety awareness and safety accident occurrence with elementary school students. Materials and methods: It selected 10 elementary schools under the supervision of Jeonnam Board of Education and sampled 700 students randomly from 2-3 classes in the 5th and the 6th grade. One preliminary survey was conducted to revise and complement the contents and forms of questionnaire with 70 students of a school from Apr. 1 to 6, 2004 and this study was conducted from Apr. 10 to 30, 2004. Total 700 questionnaires were distributed and 681 were collected (97%) and 602 were used for final analysis except 79 lacking responses. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS statistical program. Results: The average score of safety awareness of subjects by area was high as 2.72 points out of a possible 3. Area showing the highest safety awareness was safety from fire. Girl students had higher safety awareness than boy students. The fifth graders had higher safety awareness than the sixth graders. In safety awareness by the number of siblings, single son or single daughter showed the highest safety awareness. 53.2% of the subjects experienced accident for one year, the frequency of accident was mostly once and most of accidents were occurred at school. Accidents for the last year were higher in boy students, the sixth graders. According to relationship between safety awareness and safety accident, group with lower safety awareness in school safety(P < .022), traffic safety(P < .016), fire safety(P < .019), home safety(P < .007) and accident treatment and first aid(P < .003) had higher safety accidents than that with higher safety awareness. Conclusion: Development of safety education program by grade, that of parents safety education program, field experience and practice with students, teachers and parents and various safety education programs should be substantially and repeatedly accomplished for prevention education of safety accidents. In addition, to prevent and cope with safety accidents, safety education should be reflected on normal education, safety education textbook be developed, special safety education teachers be employed for safety education.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.870-878
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel fingerprint classification method to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the fingerprint identification system, one of biometrics systems. According to the previous researches, fingerprints can be categorized into the several patterns based on their pattern of ridges and valleys. After construction of fingerprint database based on their patters, fingerprint classification approach can help to accelerate the fingerprint recognition. The reason is that classification methods reduce the size of the search space to the fingerprints of the same category before matching. First, we suggest a method to extract region of interest (ROI) which have real information about fingerprint from the image. And then we propose a feature extraction method which combines gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and wavelet features. Finally, we compare the performance of our proposed method with the existing method which use only GLCM as the feature of fingerprint by using the multi-layer perceptron and support vector machine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effects of bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) on the calving, reproductive efficiency of Hanwoo dams and the growth performance and disease occurrence of calves. Eighty seven experimental dams were allocated into two groups, bee venom treated (n=53, BV) and non-treated (n=34, control) of Hanwoo dams in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Calving period ($14.08{\pm}4.8$) and percentages of retained placenta (7.5%) in BV was shortened compared to control ($17.2{\pm}4.3$, 14.7%, respectively. P>0.05). Post-placenta periods was similar between two groups (P>0.05). Postpartum days ($36.5{\pm}4.3$) to first estrus and calving interval ($358{\pm}18$) were shortened compared to control ($40.2{\pm}5.2$, $375{\pm}23$, respectively) but have not significantly affected (P>0.05). Body weights ($43.5{\pm}3.0$) and average daily gains (0.62) of calves before 30 days old in BV were significantly higher than control ($40.3{\pm}5.3$, 0.52, respectively). The occurrence of respiratory disease and diarrhea in BV was relatively lower compared with Control. The present results indicate that bee venom may affect reproductive efficiency of dams and growth performance of calves.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.556-562
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• 2014

The occurrence of human norovirus (NoV) genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) strains was investigated in Korea. Between 2007 and 2010, 265 samples were collected from 89 Korean water source locations. NoV GI was detected in 4.5% and NoV GII in 1.5%. Samples collected in winter had the highest occurrence; 9.4% for NoV GI and 6.3% for NoV GII. NoV GI detection was highest in groundwater, with the next highest in river water and the lowest in lake water (5.9%, 5.4%, and 1.6%, respectively), and NoV GII was found only in river water. When three representative Korean basin systems (Han (H)-, Geum/Seom (G/S)-, and Nakdong (N)-river basins) were compared, both NoV genogroups were high in the G/S-, but absent in the H- river basin. The most prevalent genotypes within the GI and GII groups were GI.5 and GII.4, respectively. The NoVs found in surface water were identical to those found in patients and those found in groundwater. The NoVs appeared to be transmitted from the patient to the surface water, and then to the groundwater, suggesting a fecal-oral route of transmission. This is the first nationwide surveillance of NoV in major Korean water sources.