• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.193-203
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of ascending kidney water and descending heart fire pharmacopuncture treatment for hot flush and sweating. Methods : Ascending kidney water and descending heart fire pharmacopuncture is achieved by injecting pharmacopuncture on a specific acupoint to change from the state of water-fire disharmony to harmonious state. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (黃連解毒湯) pharmacopuncture is injected on both side Gyeonjeong (GB ₂₁ ), Pungji (GB ₂₀ ). Total 0.4 cc was injected by 0.1 cc each point. BUM (Bear’s gall bladder, ox bezoar and musk) pharmacopuncture is injected on both side Jeonjung (CV ₁₇ ), Jungwan (CV ₁₂ ), Gihae (CV ₆ ). Total 0.15 cc was injected by 0.05 cc each point. Treatment was done daily. The method of evaluation are Hot Flush Score (HFS), VAS and sweating areas. Results : In case 1, after treatment hot flush score was reduced from 24 to 4 points. VAS scale was reduced from 7 to 2. It took about two weeks for the symptoms to decrease by half. Associated symptoms almost did not stay at discharge. In case 2, after treatment hot flush score was reduced from 28 to 2 points. VAS scale was reduced from 10 to 3. And emotional symptoms were reduced about 70%. In case 3, after treatment hot flush score was reduced from 8 to 1 points. VAS scale was reduced from 6 to 1. And headache and chest discomfort symptoms have disappeared. Conclusions : Ascending kidney water and descending heart fire pharmacopuncture treatment is effective for improve ascending kidney water and descending heart fire energy. Therefore, it will be used to alleviate hot flush and sweating.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.182-193
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• 2022

Purpose: By measuring and evaluating the risk of biodiesel through non-volatile residue (NVR) and flash point and explosion limit measurement at a specific temperature according to ASTM test standards, the risk of chemical fire causative substances is identified and a universal evaluation method By derivation and securing the risk-related data of the material, it can be used for the identification and analysis of the cause of the fire, and it can be applied to the risk assessment of other chemical substances Method: In order to measure the risk of biodiesel, it was measured using the non-volatile residue(NVR) measurement method, which measures how much flammable liquid is generated at a specific temperature. Heating was tested by applying KS M 5000: 2009 Test Method 4111. In addition, the flash point was measured using the method specified in ASTM E659-782005, and the energy supply method was measured using the constant temperature method. In addition, the explosion limit measurement was conducted in accordance with ASTM E 681-04 「Standard test method for concentration limits of flammability of chemicals(Vapors and gases)」 test standard. Result: As a result of checking the amount of combustible liquid by the non-volatile residue (NVR)measurement method, the non-volatile residue(NVR) of general diesel when left at 105±2℃ for 3 hours was about 30% (70% of volatile matter) and about 4% of biodiesel. In addition, similar results were obtained for the non-volatile residue(NVR)heating temperature of 150±2℃, 3 hours and 200±2℃ for 1 hour, and white smoke was generated at 200℃ or higher. In addition, similar values were obtained as a result of experimentally checking the explosion (combustion) limits of general diesel, general diesel containing 20% biodiesel, and 100% biodiesel. Therefore, it was confirmed that the flammability risk did not significantly affect the explosion risk. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested the risk judgment criteria for mixtures through experimental research on flammable mixtures for the purpose of securing the effectiveness, reliability, and reproducibility of the details of the criteria for determining dangerous substances in the existing Dangerous Materials Safety Management Act. It will be possible to provide reference data for the judgment criteria for flammable liquids that are regulated in the field. In addition, if the know-how for each test method is accumulated through this study, it is expected that it will be used as basic data in the research on risk assessment of dangerous substances and as a basis for research on the determination of dangerous substances.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2014

Objectives : Five transport points are often used in acupuncture treatment. However, there is no clear explanation about the reason why the five transport points are matched five phases in this manner. Therefore, we reviewed the literatures and theses about the principal of matching and researched a new way to understand the reason. Methods : We found 8 theses and 3 literatures related to the matching of five transport points to five phases by searching the web sites. And, we reviewed the principal of matching and researched another new way to understand the reason why they are matched so. Results and Conclusions : In the viewpoint of the natural state and function of five phases, the start points arising in yin- and yang-meridian are matched to wood and metal respectively. Therefore, well point matches the wood and metal in yin- and yang-meridian respectively. And by following the flow of five transport points, the other points match with fire, earth, metal, water in yin-meridian and water, wood, fire, and earth in yang-meridian.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.498-502
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• 2005

The objectives of this paper are to provide information on the characteristics of the discharge signals in a low-voltage indoor outlet. Most of electrical fires are caused by short circuits, overheating of wires, deterioration and incomplete connection of wiring devices. The last two cases are predictable before the occurrence of fire because of its slow progress. We have simulated the discharge signals caused by the deterioration and incomplete connection of wiring devices using aged outlets. From the experimental data, we could characterize the frequency spectrums of the discharge signals depending on the cases. The higher frequency components of the signal are attenuated by the capacitance and inductance of power lines as the measuring point is getting away from the discharges. Main frequency components of the discharge signal are existent at 600kHz - 1.5MHz in incomplete connections and at 210H7z - 8MHz in deteriorations of the outlet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.4 s.76
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

Recently, the application of transverse ventilation system with oversized exhaust ports has been increased in bidirectional road tunnel in order to improve smoke exhaust ability. Therefore, in this study, for decision of the optimal smoke exhaust rates in the transverse ventilation system, several standards of nations are compared and numerical simulations with variations of exhaust flow rates are carried out in terms of smoke spread distance by FDS ver. 3.1. As results, in the case of no internal longitudinal air velocity in tunnel, the smoke exhaust rate of $80m^{3}/s$ (the smoke generation rate at HRR of 20MW) is sufficient enough to limit the smoke spread within 250m in 6 minutes after the fire. However, in the case of the internal longitudinal air velocity at 2.5m/s, the smoke exhaust rate should be increased $130m^{3}/s$.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.182-187
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• 2015

In the three-phase power system, when any one-phase or two-phases is open-phase, the unbalanced current flows and the single-phase power supplies to three-phase loads. Specially, motor coil and transformer coil receive over-current. As a result, great damage as well as electrical fire can occur to the power system. In order to improve these problems, this paper proposes that an open-phase detection device is designed by a new algorithm using electric potential difference between the resultant voltage of neutral point and ground, and a control circuit topology of open-phase protector is composed of highly efficient semiconductor devices. It improves response speed and reliability. The control algorithm circuit also operates the cut-off of a conventional residual current protective device (RCD) which flows an enforced leakage current to ground wire at open-phase accident. Furthermore, time delay circuit is added to prevent the incapable operation of open-phase protector about instantaneous open-phase not open-phase fault. The time delay circuit improves more reliability.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Fire Control System(FCS) errors can be classified as hardware errors and software errors, and one of the software errors is from target tracking filter which estimates target's location, velocity, acceleration, and so on. It affects function of ballistic calculation equipment significantly. For gun to form predicted hitting point accurately and enhance hitting rate, we need status information of target's future location. Target tracking filter algorithms consist of Single Singer Model, Fixed Gain filter algorithm, IMM, PBIMM and so on. This paper will design IMM tracking filer, which is going to be! applied to domestic warship. Target tracking filter using CV model, Song model and CRT model for IMM tracking filter is made, and tracking ability is analyzed through Monte-Carlo simulation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2012

For the safe handling of n-nonanol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of n-nonanol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs (autoignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. As a results, the lower and upper explosion limits of n-nonanol recommended 0.8 Vol.% and 6.1 Vol.%, respectively. The lower flash points of n-nonanol by using closed-cup tester were experimented $94{\sim}97^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of n-nonanol by using open cup tester were experimented $103{\sim}104^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for n-nonanol. The experimental AIT of n-nonanol was $270^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.2100-2101
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• 2008

This paper is studied on a protective control system for electrical fire and electrical faults due to over current or electric short circuit faults by using electrical thermal characteristics of PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistor and current response characteristics of high sensitive reed switch. The PTC thermistor has characteristic of positive resistivity temperature coefficient according to the temperature variation, which is construction of a regular square and cube demarcation with BaTiO3_Ceramics of positive temperature coefficient. Also PTC thermistor shows the phenomenon which is rapidly increased in the resistivity if the temperature is increased over Curie temperature point, and reed switch, which is used for electrical fault current sensing devices, have a excellent characteristic of response velocity in degree of ${\mu}s{\sim}ms$ that sensing magnetic flux in proportion to dimension of line current. This paper is proposed on a protective control system use PTC thermistor and reed switch for sensor which is protected from electrical fire due to overload faults or electric short circuit faults. Some experimental results of the proposed electric safety control device are confirmed to the validity of the analytical results.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.46-50
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• 2005

Burning characteristics of working uniform was studied in this paper experimentally. Initial ignition point was classified in three cases that is midpoint of sleeve (Sleeve case), front side midpoint of coat (Center case) and midpoint of trousers (Leg case). The results are as follows· The remained mass ratio was decreased in order of Leg case, Sleeve case, Center case. And the highest average temperature of surface was appeared in order of Sleeve case, Center case, Leg case. Maximum radiant heat flux during burning was appeared high in order of Sleeve case $(0.5\;W/cm^2)$, Center case $(0.45\;W/cm^2)$, Leg case $(0.44\;W/cm^2)$.