• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.3 s.28
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

The flash points and the fire points are one of the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable substances. In this study, the flash points of aromatic hydrocarbons, were measured by using Pensky-Martens Closed Cup apparatus(ASTM-D93) and Tag Open-Cup apparatus(ASTM D 1310-86). Also the fire points of aromatic hydrocarbons, were measured by using Tag Open-Cup apparatus. The measured flash points were in good agreement with reference values. The measured fire points compared with the estimated values based on 1.23 times stoichiometric concentration. The values calculated by the proposed equation were in agreement with measured values.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.4 no.4 s.12
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• pp.20-24
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• 2000

The electrostatic safety consciousness of safety manager were investigated through questionnaires sent to liquid petroleum gas stations in Korea. In addition, hazards of fire and explosion due to electrostatic on synthetic-polymer-wears and cotton-wears were estimated experimentally. The results of questionnaires indicate most workers wear their working clothes indiscreetly owing to lack of knowledge of preventing electrostatic hazards. The amounts of electrostatic charge generated in synthetic-polymer-wears were 1.79, 1.44 and 1.02 $\mu$C in winter, spring and autumn and summer, respectively. All these values exceed the limit of working wears of 0.60$\mu$C requested by Korea Standard(KS K-7807) for preventing electrostatic hazards, which means hazards may occur. While, the charge in cotton-wears were in the range of 0.42 to 0.52$\mu$C, which suggests that the cotton-wears investigated in this study have no problem of hazards. Therefore workers, visual and experiential education are necessary for elevating the standard of on electrostatics. It is also necessary to establish standards of wearing for preventing electrostatic hazards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.4_2
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• pp.569-581
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• 2020

Since the dehydration packages of offshore plant deal directly with oil & gas, there is a great risk of fire and explosion during operation. Therefore, this study performed risk assessment through HAZard & OPerability (HAZOP) for solid desiccant dehydration package that can remove water component of natural gas in offshore floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) production facilities below 0.1 ppmv. The risk matrix was determined by dividing the likelihood and the severity into five levels separately by asset, life, environment and reputation. The piping & instrumentation diagram (P&ID) of the dehydration package was divided into 9 nodes. Total 22 deviations were assessed in consideration of the adsorption and desorption conversion cycle. A risk assessment based on deviations revealed 14 major hazards. Three representative types of hazards were open/close failure of the control valve, control failure of the heater, and abnormal operation of the regeneration gas cooler. Finally, we proposed the installation of additional safety devices to improve safety against these major hazards, such as safety instrumented functions, alarms, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 2009

The flash point and the AIT(auto-ignition temperature) are the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable material. In order to know the accuracy of data in MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet), the flash point of n-acids were measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup tester(ASTM D93), Setaflash closed cup tester(ASTM D3278), Tag open cup tester(ASTM D1310) and Cleveland open cup tester(ASTM D92). Also, the AIT of n-acids were measured by using ASTM E659-78 tester. The measured the flash points and the AIT were compared with literatures and MSDS in KOSHA. The measured the flash points and the AIT were different from those in literatures and MSDS. Therefore, This paper shows that it is needed to investigate the MSDS compatibility of n-acids for the fire safety objectives.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.345-362
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• 2023

As the widespread adoption and proliferation of electric vehicles continue, the secondary battery market is experiencing rapid growth. However, lithium-ion batteries, which constitute a majority of secondary batteries, present high risks of fire and explosion. Solid-state batteries are thus garnering attention as the next-generation batteries since they eliminate fire hazards and significantly reduce the risk of explosions. Against this background, the study aimed to analyze research trends and provide insights by examining 2,927 domestic papers related to solid-state batteries over the past decade (2013-2022). Specifically, we used topic modeling to extract major keywords associated with solid-state batteries research and to explore the network characteristics across major topics. The changes in research on solid-state batteries were analyzed in-depth by calculating topic dominance by year. The findings provide an overview of the emerging trends in domestic solid-state battery research, and might serve as a valuable reference in shaping long-term research directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.140-145
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• 2002

The Flash Point is one of the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for fire and explosion hazards of chemical materials. An accurate knowledge of the flash point is important in developing appropriate preventive and control measures in industrial fire protection. The lower flash points for the Water + n-Propanol systems were measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the laws of Raoult and van laar equation. The calculated values based on the van Laar equation were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

The flash point is one of the most important parameters used to characterize the ignition and explosion hazards of liquids. Flash points were measured for several binary systems containing toluene, including {methanol+toluene}, {ethanol+toluene}, and {1-propanol+toluene}. Experiments were performed according to the standard test method using a SETA closed cup flash point tester. The measured flash points were compared with the predicted values calculated using the following $G^E$ models: Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured lower flash point was less than 1.69 K.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

This study selected the worst-case scenario for fireball and vapor cloud explosion (VCE) of a styrene monomer storage tank installed in a petrochemical production plant and performed damage prediction and accident impact analysis. The range of influence of radiant heat and overpressure due to fireball and vapor VCE during the abnormal polymerization reaction of styrene monomer, the main component of the mixed residue oil storage tank, was quantitatively analyzed by applying the e-CA accident damage prediction program. The damage impact areas of radiant heat and explosion overpressure are analyzed to have a maximum radius of 1,150m and 626m, respectively. People within 1,150m of radiant heat of 4kW/m2 may have their skin swell when exposed to it for 20 seconds. In buildings within 626m, where an explosion overpressure of 21kPa is applied, steel structures may be damaged and separated from the foundation, and people may suffer physical injuries. In the event of a fire, explosion or leak, determine the risk standards such as the degree of risk and acceptability to workers in the work place, nearby residents, or surrounding facilities due to radiant heat or overpressure, identify the hazards and risks of the materials handled, and establish an emergency response system. It is expected that it will be helpful in establishing measures to minimize damage to workplaces through improvement and investment activities.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

In this research, gel compounds containing thermochromic ingredients were manufactured and evaluated to prevent the transition hazards of fire and explosion, which they are one of the methods for detecting abnormal conditions caused by overheating of special materials early. And also, compounds of viscoelastic and brushing types were manufactured as the kind and content of raw materials, and manufacturing process to enlarge the application for overheat-detecting targets. Test methods were conducted as chromism test, viscosity profile, starting time of thermochromism, and FT-IR analysis. Thermochromic gel materials exhibit chromism properties that can detect abnormal conditions effectively, and then they are possible to various applications.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.63
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

The flash and fire point are the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable material. The flash point is defined as the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel. The fire point is the temperature of the flammable liquid at which there will be flaming combustion, sustained 5 seconds in response to the pilot flame. In this study, the flash points and fire points were measured to present raw data of the flammable risk assessment for acids, using Pensky-Martens Closed Cup(C.C.) apparatus (ASTM-D93) and Tag Open-cup (O.C.) apparatus(ASTM D 1310-86). The measured fire points were compared with the estimated values based on 1.11 times stoichiometric concentration. The values calculated by the proposed equation were in good agreement with measured values.