• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2022

This paper proposes an ultrasound vessel-pattern imaging algorithm with low computational complexity. The proposed imaging algorithm reconstructs blood-vessel patterns by only detecting blood flow, and can be applied to a real-time signal processing hardware that extracts an ultrasonic finger-vessel pattern. Unlike a blood-flow imaging mode of typical ultrasound medical imaging device, the proposed imaging algorithm only reconstructs a presence of blood flow as an image. That is, since the proposed algorithm does not use an I/Q demodulation and detects a presence of blood flow by accumulating an absolute value of the clutter-filter output, a structure of the algorithm is relatively simple. To verify a complexity of the proposed algorithm, a simulation model for finger vessel was implemented using Field-II program. Through the behavioral simulation, it was confirmed that the processing time of the proposed algorithm is around 54 times less than that of the typical color-flow mode. Considering the required main building blocks and the amount of computation, the proposed algorithm is simple to implement in hardware such as an FPGA and an ASIC.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.777-785
• /
• 2007

In this paper, Finger-Toe Index (FTI) is proposed as an analytic parameter for the characterization of arterial vessel. Different from the currently being employed pulse wave velocity (PWV) information of the volume pulse wave measured from 4 arterial channels, the proposed FTI uses the ratio of the shorter of the two up-stroke time of PPG from fingers ($UT_{finger}$) and that of PPG (Photoplethysmography) from toes ($UT_{toe}$). To verify the usefulness of the proposed method, Finger-Toe Indexes were derived from the volume pulse waves acquired from 50 people under examination aged from 12 to 81 years old, and they were then compared with blood pressure ankle-brachial index (ABI). It was successfully demonstrated that the arterial stiffness can be estimated with respect to age and FTI is more strongly correlated with the pulse transit time than ABI. From the regression analysis, we also found that FTI has significant correlation PWV for a quantitative index of arterial stiffness and provides more accurate information than ABI for the characterization of arterial vessel.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2003

It has been known that the vessels of the finger tip are very small and have many branches, so the anastomosis of this vessel is very difficult. But when this operation achieves success, the replanted finger tip provides adequate soft tissue, restoration of the length, sensory and nail. The authors describe the result of finger tip replantation in 94 patients, 103 finger tips, from October 1999 to June 2002. We performed the salvage procedure in all cases. The success rate of finger tip replantation was 74.8%. We achieved higher success rate, when we succeeded anastomosis of the central artery. The function of the replanted fingers was good. The average TAM was 80% and patient satisfaction was high. We be live that we can achieve higher success rate by anastomosing central artery and performing delicate salvage procedure.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was carried out to concrete the concept of Hand Gworeum Skin referred in Suwen of Huangdi Neijing. Methods: The Hand Gworeum Meridian was labeled with latex in the body surface of the cadaver, subsequently dissecting a superficial fascia and muscular layer in order to observe internal structures. Results: Skin histologically encompasses a common integument and a immediately below superficial fascia, this study established the skin boundary with adjacent structures such as relative muscle, tendon as its compass. The realm of the Hand Gworeum Skin is as follows: The skin close to the nipple on the 4th intercostal space, the interceps of biceps brachii muscle, the cubital surface at ulnad of bicipital aponeurosis, the anterior surface of the forearm, between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus(from wrist crease to 5chon above), the palm between the 3rd and 4th metacarpals on the cross part with the palm crease, the radiod from the middle finger nail(or the end of middle finger). The realm of the Hand Gworeum Skin is situated on between Hand Taeeum Skin and Hand Soeum Skin in front of arm. Conclusion: The realm of Hand Gworeum Skin from the anatomical viewpoint seems to be the skin area outside the superficial fascia or the muscle involved in the pathway of the Hand Gworeum Meridian vessel, Collateral Meridian vessel, and Meridian muscle, being considered adjacent vessels or nerves at the same time.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Finger injury by green onion cutting machine is one of the common hand injuries in the kitchen. It has a unique feature: there are multiple parellel laceration 3 - 5 mm wide. There are two directions of injuries(vertical, oblique). It may involve bone, tendon, nerve, and vessel injuries. We discuss its management and the long - term progress. Methods: We have treated six patients from 2003 to 2007. We carried out low tension approximation with thin suture materials to avoid ischemia and performed the additional operation as nail bed repair, tenorrhaphy, open reduction, vessel anastomosis, and composite graft. We reviewed the record of initial injury and collected the follow - up record. Results: They were all middle aged - women who had worked in the kitchen. Right hand was dominent over left hand. The ratio of the directions was 3 : 3 (vertical : oblique). They were all competely healed although there were three atrophy, four hyperesthesia, and one nail deformity. Conclusion: Finger injury by green onion cutting machine is a unique pattern of laceration with various accompanied injuries. It may look like a severe form of injury, but in most cases have relatively favorable progress. We have to perform careful examination of accompanied injuries and carry out the proper management. First and foremost, the user especially in the middle aged women should be warned to be careful in handling this risky machine.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1998 no.11
• /
• pp.125-126
• /
• 1998

Pulse conduction velocity is determined by areterial compliance, which is changed by lateral pressure of arterial wall. Hydrostatic pressure of the limb vessel is changed by body position, especially in elevated arm. The arterial pulse in the finger causes the blood volume to change, changing the optical density of the blood. Photoplethysmograph of index finger was obtained by LED and phototransistor. Pulse transmission time(PTT) was measured by the interval between the peak of ECG R wave and the peak of the finger plethysmogram. PTT was increased by upward position of arm, and decreased by downward position of the arm compared to horizontal position. This result suggests that relationship between finger plethysmography and postural change could be applied to evaluate clinical cardiovascular status.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2009

The ideal method which measures a blood vessel of senility and degree of arteriosclerosis is to measure compliance of arterial and condition of blood circulation at the periphery. In these days vascular stiffness have been assessed by analyzing PTT (pulse transit time) from ECG and PPG. PTT is that between toe and finger each subject estimated through ECG and PPG signals. Two parameters, which are related to PWV, were tested with the time delay between the finger and toe. PWV is a variation of quantity which is associated with vascular stiffness. These researches which use PTT and PWV don't consider the blood vessel characteristic of an individual. In this current research, we have used with the blood vessel characteristic of an individual. That is an assessment of vascular stiffness using the variation of quantity in PWV with the changes of position in the subject. PWV variation increased as functions of the subject's age. The increase of the PWV variation parameters with age is attributed to the direct decrease of the blood vessel compliance with different position. The quantity of variation estimated by experimental results is that old age's (75.78${\pm}$7.75) case is 113.68% and young age's (26.47${\pm}$2.04) case is 85.69%. We proved and presented about estimation of vascular stiffness of possibility by this result.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2004

Flaps are necessary, when important structures such as bone, tendon, nerve and vessel are exposed. Arterialized venous free flap is suited to the coverage of finger and hand because the thickness of venous flap is thin. Authors performed 65 cases arterialized venous free flap for the soft tissue reconstruction of the hand and finger. The size of donor defect were from $1{\times}1cm\;to\;7{\times}12cm$. The mean flap area was $9.1cm^2$. The recipient sites were finger tip in 34 cases, finger shaft in 29 cases and hand in 2 cases. The donor sites were volar aspect of distal forearm in 40 cases, thenar area in 17 cases and foot dorsum in 6 cases. The types of arterialized venous free flap were A-A type in 4 cases and A-V type in 61 cases. The length of afferent vein was from 0.5 cm to 3 cm (mean 1.7 cm) and efferent vein was from 1 cm to 10 cm (mean 2.2 cm). 58 flaps(89.2%) survived eventually. 42 flaps(64.6%) survived totally without any complication. 8 flaps(12.3%) showed the partial necrosis but they were healed without any additional operations. 8 flaps (12.3%) showed the partial necrosis requiring the additional skin graft. We had a satisfactory result by using arterialized venous free flap for the soft tissue reconstruction of finger and hand. We believe that volar aspect of distal forearm, thenar area, foot dorsum are suited as a donor site and the short length of the flap pedicle, the strong arterail inflow affect the survival rate of arterialized venous free flaps.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.9
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2018

This study is an algorithm for detecting vein pattern features important for finger vein recognition. The feature detection algorithm is important because it greatly affects recognition results in pattern recognition. The recognition rate is degraded because the reference is changed according to the finger position change. In addition, the image obtained by irradiating the finger with infrared light is difficult to separate the image background and the blood vessel pattern, and the detection time is increased because the image preprocessing process is performed. For this purpose, the presented algorithm can be performed without image preprocessing, and the detection time can be reduced. SWDA (Down Slope Trace Waveform) algorithm is applied to the finger vein images to detect the fingertip position and vein pattern. Because of the low infrared transmittance, relatively dark vein images can be detected with minimal detection error. In addition, the fingertip position can be used as a reference in the classification stage to compensate the decrease in the recognition rate. If we apply algorithms proposed to various recognition fields such as palm and wrist, it is expected that it will contribute to improvement of biometric feature detection accuracy and reduction of recognition performance time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2013

Recently, the personal identification technologies using vein pattern of back of the hand, palm, and finger have been developed actively because it has the advantage that the vein blood vessel in the body is impossible to damage, make a replication and forge. However, it is difficult to extract clearly the vein region from captured vein images through common image prcessing based region segmentation method, because of the light scattering and non-uniform internal tissue by skin layer and inside layer skeleton, etc. Especially, it takes a long time for processing time and makes a discontinuity of blood vessel just in a image because it has non-uniform illumination due to use a locally different adaptive threshold for the binarization of acquired finger-vein image. To solve this problem, we propose illumination normalization based fast method for extracting the finger-vein region. The proposed method has advantages compared to the previous methods as follows. Firstly, for remove a non-uniform illumination of the captured vein image, we obtain a illumination component of the captured vein image by using a low-pass filter. Secondly, by extracting the finger-vein path using one time binarization of a single threshold selection, we were able to reduce the processing time. Through experimental results, we confirmed that the accuracy of extracting the finger-vein region was increased and the processing time was shortened than prior methods.