• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

참당귀(當歸) 추대억제(抽臺抑制) 재배법(栽培法)을 개발하기 위하여 종자를 조기에 파종, 육묘하여 본포에 이식한 후 당년가을에 수확한 뿌리의 부위별(部位別) 주성분(主成分)을 관행재배한 당귀와 비교하므로서 1년생 당귀의 추대억제효과와 약재로서의 가치를 평가하고저 하였다. 1. 관행(慣行) 재배(栽培)한 2년생 당귀의 뿌리내 decursin 과 decursionol angelate의 함량을 합한 평균치는 6.47% 임에 비하여, 단기육묘(短期育苗)하여 수확한 1년생 뿌리 내에서의 함량은 4.82%로 낮은 경향이었다. 2. 약효성분(藥效成分)의 부위별(部位別) 함량은 세근(지근)과 피충부가 높은 반면 중심주에서는 낮은 경향이었다. 3. Decursin및 decursinol angelate의 구성비(構成比)는 1년생에서는 10 : 7.5, 2년생에서는 10 : 6의 비율로 2년생에서 는 decursinol angelate 함량이 감소하는 경향이었다. 또한 2년생에서는 부위에 관계없이 두성분의 구성비가 60% 정도로 안정적인데 반해, 1년생에서는 세근과 지근에서 decursional angelate 구성비가 높은 경향이었다. 4. 조기(早期) 육묘재배(育苗栽培)한 1년생 당귀의 생약적(生藥的) 가치(價値)는 일정 면적(面積)에서의 수량(收量)이나 또는 단순한 성분함(成分含) 양면(量面)에서 무리가 없을 것으로 사료되지만, 주성분인 decursin의 구조이성체인 decursinol angelate와의 구성비(構成比)에 따른 효능상의 문제는 추후 검토가 요망된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2006

Little information is available on soil $CO_2$ efflux and crop yield under agroforestry systems. Soil $CO_2$ efflux, microbial biomass C, live fine root biomass, and cotton yield were measured under a pecan (Carya illinoinensis K. Koch)-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in southern USA. A belowground polyethylene root barrier was used to isolate tree roots from cotton which is to provide barrier and non-barrier treatments. The barrier and non-barrier treatment was randomly divided into three plots for conventional inorganic fertilizer application and the other three plots for organic poultry litter application. The rate of soil $CO_2$ efflux and the soil microbial biomass C were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by the fertilizer treatment while no significant effect of the barrier treatment was occurred. Cotton lint yield was significantly (P < 0.0 I) affected by the root barrier treatment while no effect was occurred by the fertilizer treatment with the yields being greatest ($521.2kg\;ha^{-1}$) in the root barrier ${\times}$ inorganic fertilizer treatment and lowest ($159.8kg\;ha^{-1}$) in the non-barrier ${\times}$ inorganic fertilizer treatment. The results suggest that the separation of tree-crop root systems with the application of inorganic fertilizer influence the soil moisture and soil N availability, which in tum will affect the magnitude of crop yield.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.552-562
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides are the unique and bioactive components in ginseng. Ginsenosides are affected by the growing environment and conditions. In New Zealand (NZ), Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng) is grown as a secondary crop under a pine tree canopy with an open-field forest environment. There is no thorough analysis reported about NZ-grown ginseng. Methods: Ginsenosides from NZ-grown P. ginseng in different parts (main root, fine root, rhizome, stem, and leaf) with different ages (6, 12, 13, and 14 years) were extracted by ultrasonic extraction and characterized by Liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Twenty-one ginsenosides in these samples were accurately quantified and relatively quantified with 13 ginsenoside standards. Results: All compounds were separated in 40 min, and a total of 102 ginsenosides were identified by matching MS spectra data with 23 standard references or published known ginsenosides from P. ginseng. The quantitative results showed that the total content of ginsenosides in various parts of P. ginseng varied, which was not obviously dependent on age. In the underground parts, the 13-year-old ginseng root contained more abundant ginsenosides among tested ginseng samples, whereas in the aboveground parts, the greatest amount of ginsenosides was from the 14-year-old sample. In addition, the amount of ginsenosides is higher in the leaf and fine root and much lower in the stem than in the other parts of P. ginseng. Conclusion: This study provides the first-ever comprehensive report on NZ-grown wild simulated P. ginseng.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 1988

산지(産地) 반양직묘포(半養直苗圃)(활엽수(闊葉樹)를 많이 넣고 여러번 경운(耕耘)한 밭흙을 곱게 쳐서 만든 묘포(苗圃)) 29개포장(個圃場)에서 묘포토양(苗圃土壤) 이화학성(理化學性)과 묘삼수량(苗蔘收量)과의 관계룰 조사한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 사용가능묘삼생산량(使用可能苗蔘生産量)은 간(間)($90{\times}180cm$) 당(當) $362{\pm}226$본(本)이었다. 2. 세사(細砂)+극세사(極細砂)의 함량(含量)이 많을수록 묘삼개체근중(苗蔘個體根重)이 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 묘포토양내(苗圃土壤內)에서 pH는 OM, K, Ca 및 Mg와, EC는 Ca, Mg 및 N와 각각(各各) 정상관(正相關)이 있었다. 4. 묘삼개체중(苗蔘個體重)은 토양내(土壤內) pH 상승(上昇)과 OM, K, Ca 및 $P_2O_5$ 함량(含量)이 많을수록 증가(增加)되나 N과는 상관(相關)이 없었다. 5. 토양내(土壤內)에 $P_2O_5$, K 및 Ca 함량(含量)이 많을수록 묘삼근내(苗蔘根內) 함량(含量)이 증가(增加)되었다. 6. 근내(根內)의 $P_2O_5$, K의 흡수(吸收)가 증가(增加)될수록 묘삼개체근중(苗蔘個體根重)이 증가(增加)되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2011

Growth characteristics, root yield and ginsenoside contents of 3-year-old ginseng in greenhouse shaded by $30^{\circ}$ sloped-curtain made of aluminum were compared to traditional shade facility in order to develop cultural practice for organic ginseng. Light transmittance ratio in greenhouse with $30^{\circ}$ sloped-curtain shade was distinctly lower than that of traditional shade from sunrise to 9 a.m., while its ratio in greenhouse was higher than traditional shade since 9 a.m. due to the reflection of light. Air temperature of greenhouse was $1.3^{\circ}C$ higher than that of traditional shade on the first ten days of August due to more reflected light. Root yield of greenhouse was 44% higher than that of traditional cultivation because of the inflow of reflected light and the decrease of disease of Alternaria and Anthracnose by blocking rainfall. Dry matter partitioning ratio of rhizome and lateral root were increased in ginseng cultivated at greenhouse due to longer survival time in leaf than traditional cultivation. Total ginsenoside contents cultivated at greenhouse was decreased in the part of taproot, while it was increased in the part of lateral and fine root compare to traditional cultivation. Individual ginsenoside contents between greenhouse and traditional cultivation showed significant difference more frequent in fine root than taproot and lateral root. Total ginsenoside contents including $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, $Rg_1$, and $Rg_2$ in whole root of 3-year-old ginseng did not showed significant difference by greenhouse and traditional cultivation.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

산업발달과 지구 온난화로 중국 북동부 지역의 사막화가 가속화 되면서 한반도는 지리적 계절적으로 미세먼지의 영향을 많이 받고 있다. 미세먼지로 인한 피해는 일반인보다 호흡기 질환자나 노인, 영 유아에게 치명적어서 미세먼지 발생 원인과 인과관계 검증을 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에 이용된 대기환경 자료와 산업지역 자료는 청정지역과 오염지역으로 나누고 오염지역은 산업별로 구분하여 분석하였다. 기상자료를 이용하여 기상 기후의 변화에 따른 미세먼지 변화를 분석하였고 미세먼지 발생요인을 국내의 영향과 국외의 영향으로 구분하여 대기-기상자료의 상관성을 검증하였다. 그리하여 미세먼지($PM_{10}$)와 초미세 먼지($PM_{2.5}$)의 구성 물질별로 계절적, 지리적인 발생형태 분석을 통해 산업, 지형, 인구, 주거 정보를 결합한 미세먼지에 대한 대책 수립의 기준을 제공하고자 한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2001

The effect of base metal grain size on isothermal solidification behavior of Ni-base superalloy, CMSX-2 during transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding was investigated employing MBF-80 insert metal. TLP-bonding of single crystal. coarse-grained and fine-grained CMSX-2 was carried out at 1373∼1548k for various holding time in vacuum. The eutectic width diminished linearly with the square root of holding time during isothermal solidification process for single crystal, coarse-grained and fine-grained base metals. The completion time for isothermal solidification decreased in the order ; single crystal, coarse-grained and fine-grained base metals. The difference of isothermal solidification rates produced when bonding the different base metals could be explained quantitatively by the effect of base metal grain boundaries on the apparent average diffusion coefficient of boron in CMSX-2.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2002년도 International Symposium
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• pp.79-94
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• 2002

Root cause -Thermal expansion coefficient mismatch -Tape warpage -Initial die crack (die roughness) Guideline for failure prevention -Optimized tape/Substrate design for minimizing the warpage -Fine surface of die backside Root cause -Thermal expansion coefficient mismatch - Repetitive bending of a signal trace during TC cycle - Solder mask damage Guideline for failure prevention - Increase of trace width - Don't make signal trace passing the die edge - Proper material selection with thick substrate core Root cause -Thermal expansion coefficient mismatch -Creep deformation of solder joint(shear/normal) -Material degradation Guideline for failure Prevention -Increase of solder ball size -Proper selection of the PCB/Substrate thickness -Optimal design of the ball array -Solder mask opening type : NSMD -In some case, LGA type is better

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1996

One exotherm was detected in the intact ginseng seeds containing more than 35% water, but in seeds with 20% there was no exotherm. The shapes of exotherm were remarkably uniform without relation to water content above 35%. The temperature at the initiation of freezing varied from -3.5$^{\circ}C$ to -9.6$^{\circ}C$ with the different water content in the seeds, and the Initial temperature of freezing delayed with the decrease of water content. The resistance damage at low temperature appeared in order of maln body, rhizome, lateral root of 3-year-old yearling rhizome, and fine root of 3-year-old. Ginseng roots didn't receive any damage at -5$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Otherwise they received serious damage below -1$0^{\circ}C$ even for 5 hours'exposure. Hence, alternative low temperature gave more severe damage compared to constant low temperature. This result suggests that the Possibility of receiving injury at low temperature was higher during the thawing season of the early spring than in the winter.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2020

인간의 피부가 지하철 터널과 같은 외부환경에서 고농도의 입자 먼지(PM_2.5, PM₁₀)에 장시간 노출되면 피부에 나쁜 영향을 받게 된다. 특히, 미세입자 먼지는 피부를 손상시켜 염증과 알러지 반응을 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물이 피부에 미세입자 먼지가 반응하여 피부손상을 유발할 때 피부염증 저해능력을 조사하였다. 입자형태의 먼지는 지하철에서 하루에 가장 높은 농도로 존재할 때 수집하였다. 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물은 대조군에 비하여 강한 항산화능을 보였다 (62.6%). 미세입자 형태와 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물의 혼합물은 일산화질소 생성을 억제하여 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물이 미세입자 먼지에 의하여 유발되는 피부염증을 완화하는 효과가 확인되었다. 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물은 세포독성이 대조군에 비하여 낮았다. 입자형태의 먼지(PM₁₀)를 세포에 노출시켰을 때 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물의 농도를 증가시킬수록(5, 10, 20 ㎍/mL) 활성산소 수준이 감소함과 동시에 양성 대조군에 비하여 더욱 효과적이었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물이 미세입자 형태의 먼지에 의하여 유발되는 피부 손상을 완화시킬 수 있는 효능을 제공하여 피부용 화장품 소재로 활용이 가능함을 입증하였다.