• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2001

Objectives: This study was taken to investigate factors related to dental caries in deciduous teeth of preschool children. Methods : this study was completed by oral examination on 623 kindergarten pupils and questionnaire on their mothers in Sangju city from April 1 to May 20, 2001. Study design is Cross-sectional Study. Results: The mean values for decayed teeth indexed(dt index), filled teeth index(ft index), and decayed and filled teeth index(dft index) was 2.46, 1.85, and 4.30 respectively. 2.05 for girl was significantly lower than 2.77 of boy in gender (p<0.01). As child ren got older, values were higher(0.7 and 2.84 of three years old, 1.6 and 4.01 of four, 2.42 and 5.02 of five) in ft and dft index(p<0.001). Also, Mother age was almost same, that is, 4.12 dft value for 30~34 years was smaller than 6.17 for above forties(p<0.001). 2.07 and 4.68 for mothers who graduated from high school were higher than 1.36 and 3.34 for university in the ft and dft index(p<0.05), that is, the more they had a high educational level, the lower they got a values. Value 2.76 for children who had non cariogenic food was lower than 5.11 for those who had cariogenic food in dft index(p<0.001). In dft index, 3.82 of children who have learned the education on oral health from mother frequently have lower than 45 of children who have never learned (p<0.05). The ft value of children who had a snack food with mother(1.29) was a smaller than children had it at out of home(1.97)(p<0.05). The variables related 10 dft index were children and mothers age, educational level, and kinds of snack food (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study reveals that younger girl, younger mother, higher educational level, and non cariogenic foods showed lower dft index.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.366-378
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• 1998

Thermocondensation root canal filling technique have been used to fill accessary canals or to obtain homogeneous root caral fillings. But these thermocondensation technique inevitably produce heat in the canal which can be transmitted through the dentin and cementum and consequently damage periodontal ligamental cells and osteoblasts. In this study, System $B^{TM}$(Analytic technology, WA.D.S.A.) was used to evaluate the reaction of periodontal ligament tissue to "Continous Wave condensation technique" introduced by Buchanan, and the transmitted root surface temperature was measured according to measured root thicknesses. 12 Mandibular incisors of two adult dogs were used for the experiment. 6 controls were filled by lateral condensation technique with sealer.3 specimens were apically filled by Continuous Wave technique at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and remaining 3 specimens were additionally backfilled using System $B^{TM}$(Analytic technology, WA.D.S.A.) was used to evaluate the reaction of periodontal ligament tissue to "Continous Wave condensation technique" introduced by Buchanan, and the transmitted root surface temperature was measured according to measured root thicknesses. 12 Mandibular incisors of two adult dogs were used for the experiment. 6 controls were filled by lateral condensation technique with sealer.3 specimens were apically filled by Continuous Wave technique at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and remaining 3 specimens were additionally backfilled using System $B^{TM}$ at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds. Six weeks later, the dogs were sacrificed and the teeth stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for histologic examination. 6 extracted human teeth were used to measure the transmitted temperature. After cutting off the crown, the canals were prepared and divided into 3 groups with root thickness of 1.5mm, 1.0mm, 0.5mm, 2 teeth in each group. Inside each root canal, System $B^{TM}$ was heated as with the temperature for the apically condensed and the back filled group, and the transmitted heat was measured on the external surface of the root. The temperature of System $B^{TM}$ heat spreader at $200^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ was also measured at root temperature. It can be concluded as follows: 1. In the thin area (200-$250{\mu}m$) of the root, root resorption could be seen even with heating at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds. 2. When the spreader was heated at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and additionally at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds for backfill, all teeth showed root resorption regardless of their root thickness. 3. The transmitted external root surface temperature was higher as the root thickness decreased and as the heating time increased. In the thermocompaction technique using System $B^{TM}$, the spreader should be heated for the minimal time and used only in the apical area. The heated spreader shouldn't inserted to the binding point of the canal and backfilling should be done with other means of minimally heated gutta percha technique.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2005

교합면 치아우식 예방을 위한 치면열구전색제 도포시 열구내 유기물, 치태, 법랑질 잔사 등을 제거하여 전색제의 유지율을 증가시키고자 기계적 삭제 방법이 소개되었다. 기계적 삭제방법을 사용할 경우 산부식 방법만을 사용하였을 때와 비교하여 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도 및 미세누출정도의 차이는 임상적인 측면에서 중요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 기계적 삭제방법(소와열구 삭제 후 산부식)과 산부식 방법을 시행한 후, 각각 unfilled sealant와 filled sealant를 처치하고 이들 치면열구전색제의 열구 침투도와 미세누출 정도를 측정하였다. 교정치료를 목적으로 발거된 사람의 소구치 60개를 실험재료로 사용하였으며 그중 30개는 산부식 처리하고 나머지 30개는 소와열구의 기계적 삭제와 산부식 처리를 시행한 후 각각의 방법에서 15개는 unfilled sealant로 나머지 15개는 filled sealant로 수복하였다. Thermocycling($5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$ 1200회)을 시행하고 5% methylene blue 용액에 24시간 보관하였다가 각각의 치아를 근심소와와 원심소와에서 협설 방향으로 절단하여 120개의 절단면을 얻었다. 각 절단면을 Measurescope으로 관찰한 결과, 기계적 삭제 방법은 산부식만을 시행한 경우에 비하여 unfilled sealant와 filled sealant 모두 열구 침투도를 증가시켰다(P < 0.05). 기계적 삭제 방법을 사용한 경우 산부식 방법만을 사용하고 unfilled sealant로 수복한 경우에 비하여 미세누출이 적었고(P < 0.05), 산부식 방법만을 사용하고 filled sealant로 수복한 경우와는 미세누출에 차이가 없었다. Unfilled sealant와 filled sealant는 기계적 삭제 방법을 사용한 경우와 산부식 방법만을 사용한 경우 모두 열구 침투도나 미세누출에 있어서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 치면열구전색제 도포 시 열구 침투도가 우수하고 미세누출이 적은 기계적 삭제 방법과 물리적 성질이 우수한 filled sealant의 사용이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 그러나 미세누출에 있어 교합력을 고려한 실험이나 장기간의 임상실험이 필요할 것이다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1979

The author observed thy actual position of apical foramen and the radiographic appearance of files when the files were filled through canals to the external surface of apical foramen in 280 canals of extracted teeth. All the teeth were radiographed by bisecting technic and once again Walton's projection was employed on mandibular molars. The results were as followings. 1. Sixty five percents of 280 canals were actually classed as having foramina deviant from true apex of root. 2. 160 of 280 canals(Fifty seven percents) appeared to be filled short of apex on the radiograph. 3. When Walton's projection was employed to open up two mesial canals of mandibular molars and compared to straight-on projection, twelve of 120 canals Ten percent appeared to be different in radiographic appearence.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.265-282
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• 1988

The pulp response of posterior composite resins in relation to the thickness of remaining dentin was studied with 120 teeth from 6 dogs, Class V. cavities were prepared on the cervical area of facial surfaces. The thickness of remaining dentin was controlled with Caries Meter$^{(R)}$. The cavities of group A were prepared to show the electrical impedance of 22-26$K{\Omega}$(thickness of remaining dentin:0.4-0.5mm). The cavities of group B, 50-55$K{\Omega}$(thickness of remaining dentin: 0.8-0.9mm). Zinc - Oxide Eugenol cement, Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior, Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque, P-30$^{(R)}$ and Scotchbond$^{(R)}$+P-30$^{(R)}$ were filled in each cavity. After 3days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 9 weeks and 13 weeks, the teeth and pulp tissue were processed routinely and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Pathological tissue changes were observed with light microscope. The following results were obtained. I. The pulp response of group A cavties was severer than that of group B cavities. 2. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Cement, only vascular changes were observed after 3 days and 1 week, severe acute inflammation after 4 weeks, moderate acute inflammation after 9 weeks, and chronic inflammation and formation of granulation tissue after 13 weeks. 3. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior, only vascular changes were observed after 3 days and 1 week. But the inflammatory response has became much severer with the elapsed experimental period. 4. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque, the inflammatory response with the elapsed experimental period was not severer than that of the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with other materials. 5. In the group B cavities, the difference of pulp response by filling materials was not recognizable. In the group A cavities, the pulp response of Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior was severest and in order P-30$^{(R)}$, Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque was slighter.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.812-817
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• 1995

Endodontically treated teeth are usually restored for crown protection, aesthetics, and prevention of root canal recontamination. Restoration of these teeth, however, often requires intracanal posts. Various depths and techniques have been recommended for the preparation of post space. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect that pst preparation has on the coronal seal by linear dye penetration of root canals obturated by lateral condensation, vertical condensation, and thermafil techniques. Forty canals of roots of incisors and canines were cleaned and shaped with the use of a step-back technique. Thirty canals were obturated, 10 each with lateral, vertical, and thermafil techhniques. Five root canals were obturated without a root canal sealer and served as positive controls. Another five root canals were obturated, and their coronal half was sealed with sticky wax and served as negative controls. The apical 5 to 6mm of the filling materials were exposed to india ink for 48 hours. The depth of dye penetration was measured in all groups and statistically analyzed (ANOVA). The results were as follows. 1. The apical plugs in the thermafil groups had the highest degree of coronal dye leakage. 2. The group filled by vertical condensation technique had the lowest degree of coronal dye leakage. 3. No significant statistical difference was found in the amount of coronal dye leakage in canals filled by lateral condensation versus those filled by the veritcal condensation technique. 4. Significant statistical differences in coronal dye penetration were found between the canals filled by thermafil and those filled by the lateral or vertical condensation techniques (p<0.05).

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.215-229
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to assess the children's mean number of decayed or filled primary teeth in relation to their mother's oral health behavior and then to increase children's oral health. Methods : The 346 children and their mothers were selected for this study. The children were 4 or 7 years old in the 4 dental clinics in Busan and Kyungnam, Korea. Data were collected by examination on children and self-administrated questionnaire on their mothers. The questionnaire was surveyed mother's oral health behaviour and children experienced dental caries or not and the number of decayed or filled they had were used as outcome variables. Results : 1. The mother's education level affected children's dft index significantly(p<0.05), In the case of tooth brushing method of children, the group with circle teeth wipes shows the low dft index(p<0.01). 2. On the other hand the group with snack as food eaten between meals has high dft index(p<0.001). 3. The group with mother's visiting to dentist within recent 1 year, experience in removing plaque or willing to attend the oral health education show low dft index(p<0.05). The important variables affecting to dft index are experience with oral health education, tooth brushing guidance, replacement of toothbrushes, the kind of food eaten between meals, recent experience of plaque removal and willing to participating in the oral health class. Conclusions : This study showed that the mother's oral health behavior and concern play an important role for the prevention of preschooler's dental caries. Dental health education would be focused on the mothers, expecially for the practice of preventive behavior by preschools themselves.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 1980

The author conducted a dental survey of a college girl students and compared with that of E college students 10 years ago which based on the same criteria. The items of this survey included the prevalence of dental caries, DMFT and the kinds of restored material. All college students 1,414 were examined in May 1978, with the recommended criteria and method of W.H.O.. Among them, the data of 1,393 were analyzed for this study. The following results were obtained: 1. The average number of present teeth were 28.97${\pm}$1.64. 2. The prevalence of dental caries was 84.92% and D.M.F. index was 15.51. Average D.M.F. teeth were 4.49${\pm}$3.69. 3. The average number of decayed (D) teeth were 2.09${\pm}$2.16. 4.30% of the present decayed teeth was secondary decay, and 2.44% of the decayed teeth was indicated for extraction. 4. The average number of missing(M) teeth were 0.32${\pm}$0.79. It included 8.56% of root fragements. 5. Average number of filled(F) teeth were 2.09${\pm}$3.17. F-ratio of this group was 46.45%. The analysis revealed 50.88% of amalgam alloy, 31.41% of gold inlays, and 1.20%, the least among the filling materials, silicate cement or composite resin. 6. While the prosthodontic treatment, such as crown and bridge has reduced than that of 10 years ago, the fillings and inlays as the conservative means has increased.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.655-658
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• 1976

The auther had studied dental caries and periodontal disease and other important oral disease in the 806nout patient who came to dental Department in N.M.C. during 1974. The obtained results were as follows ; 1) The dental caries experience rate in the out patient of Dental Departanent in N.M.C. was 8202% and the D.M.F. teeth index was 3.3. 2) The decayed teeth index was 2.18 and the missed teeth index was 0.69 and the filled teeth index was 1065. 3) The periodontal disease rate was 82.8% 4) The oral cancer rate was 2%, mandible and maxillary fracture rate was 4%, and trigeminal neuralgia rate was 0.6%.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 유동성 복합레진을 치면열구전색제로 사용할 수 있는지 여부를 평가하는 것이다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진(Filtek Flow, Tetric Flow, Charmfil Flow)과 한 종류의 filled sealant(Ultraseal XT plus)가 사용되었다 주사전자 현미경을 이용하여 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 및 filled sealant의 resin tag형성 양상을 비교하였다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 발거된 사람의 소구치 54개를 각각 18개씩 무작위로 세 군으로 배분하였다. 각 군마다 통상의 filled sealant와 한 가지씩의 유동성 복합레진을 교합면 열구에 도포하였다. 치아들을 thermocycling($5^{\circ}{\pm}2^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 30초씩 1200회 시행) 후 48시간 동안 1% methylene blue 용액에 보관하였다. 각각의 치아를 절단하여 미세누출 정도를 관찰하였다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 및 filled sealant는 유사한 resin tag 형성양상을 보였다 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진은 각각 filled sealant보다 현저히 더 많은 미세누출을 보였다. 세 종류의 유동성 복합레진 간의 미세누출 정도는 유사하였다. 유동성 복합레진은 통상의 filled sealant와 비교해볼 때 보다 많은 미세누출을 야기할 수 있으므로 치면열구전색제로 적절하지 않다.