• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2013

Purpose: Traumatic cervical SCI is frequently accompanied by dural tear and the resulting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after surgery can be troublesome and delay rehabilitation with increasing morbidity. This study evaluated the incidence of intraoperative CSF leaks in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) who underwent anterior cervical surgery and described the reliable management of CSF leaks during the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective study of medical records and radiological images was done on patients with CSF leaks after cervical spine trauma. Results: Seven patients(13.2%) were identified with CSF leaks during the intraoperative period. All patients were severely injured and showed structural abnormalities on the initial magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the cervical spine. Intraoperatively, no primary repair of dural tear was attempted because of a wide, rough defect size. Therefore, fibrin glue was applied to the operated site in all cases. Although a wound drainage was inserted, it was stopped within the first 24 hours after the operation. No lumbar drainage was performed. Postoperatively, the patients should kept their heads in an elevated position and early ambulation and rehabilitation were encouraged. None of the patients developed complications related to CSF leaks during admission. Conclusion: The incidence of CSF leaks after surgery for cervical spinal trauma is relatively higher than that of cervical spinal stenosis. Therefore, one should expect the possibility of a dural tear and have a simple and effective management protocol for CSF leaks in trauma cases established.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of implanted chitosan applied to surgically created wound in Japanese Macaque monkeys. 4 healthy Japanese Macaque monkeys were used. A 4 cm straight skin incision was made and undermined skin ($4{\times}4cm$) over on the 2 monkeys both sides of the dorsal midline, and a 4 cm circular skin incision was made on 2 monkeys both sides of the dorsal midline. One wound (left side) was implanted 1 mg (straight incision) and daily 0.2 mg (circular incision) of cotton type chitosan and the other wounds were treated with normal saline (3 ml) in monkeys. Each straight wound was closed with two interrupted sutures of 2-0 sutures. The monkey's circular skin incision is opened. At 14 days after initial wounding, each wound was taken for histological observations in monkeys. The inflammatory cells in the chitosan group are observed less than the control group, the collagen and the fibrin in the chitosan are observed more than the control group in monkeys. So the wound healing is moderately enhanced for chitosan treatment. The fibroblasts and the capillaries increased for chitosan treatment. The treatment of chitosan in wound is to promote healing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.851-855
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• 1993

Among elevn consecutive cases having undergone Completion Pueumonectomy[CP]between 1958 and Aug. 1993 at the Dep. of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery in National Medical Center. The patient`s mean age was 43 years[range 28 yrs, to 68yrs.],& they consisted with 10 males and 1 female. The indications for CP were benign diseases in 9 cases & 2 cases of lung cancer. The mean interval between the first operation & CP was 62.3 months[from 17 days to 288 months]. The several special intraoperative procedures such as intrapericardial pulmonary vesselsdivision & suture ligation, reinforcement of bronchial stumpmargin, & applied the Fibrin glue & hemostatics. The mean intra operative bleeding was 3582ml.[1500ml. to 6500ml.] The post orerative complication were developed in 5 cases[45.5%] they were empyema with BPF in 2 cases, empyema in 2 cases, & 1 case of repiratoy insufficiency which leading to death. We concluded that the C P noted high morbidity & mortality compared with ordinary first pulmonary resectional surgery. But, it will be a challenge to improved the morbidity because of increasing trend of completion pneumonectomy in a furture time.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2003

An alkaline fibrinolytic protease-producing bacteria was isolated front Korean traditional soy sauce and identified as Bacillus subtilis K7 from the results of analyses of its morphological and physiological properties, $API^{\circledR}$, and Biolog system. The enzyme was purified by 75% ammonium sulfate fractionation, QAE-Sephadex anion and SP-Sephadex cation exchange column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The specific activity of the purified enByme was 233.9 unit/mg protein and the yield of enzyme was 3.8%. The homogeneity of the purified enzyme was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated about 21,500 Da by SDS-polyacrylamide get electrophoresis and gel chromatography. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were $40^{\circ}C$ and 9.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable in a pH range of 5.0 to 12.0, and 60% of its activity was lost on heat treatment at $50^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The activity of the purified enzyme was inhibited by the presence of $Fe^{2+},\;Ag^{2+},\;Cu6{2+}$, iodoacetate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and trans-1,2-diaminocycloheane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (CDTA). The results indicates that the enzyme requires a metal ion for its enzymatic activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.296-298
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• 2012

In this study, the biological activities of 33 kinds of wild mushroom methanol extracts were investigated. Boletellus elatus showed the greatest fibrinolytic activity (1.08 plasmin units/mL) in a fibrin plate assay, and the activity of Heterobasidion insulasis was 0.89 plasmin units. The thrombin inhibitory activities of Boletellus elatus and Heterobasidion insulasis were 93.32% and 93.69%, respectively. In a ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, Laccaria amethystina showed the greatest inhibitory activity at 81.25%. The antioxidative activities of Gomphus sp. and Geastrum lageniforme were 91.37% and 90.42%, respectively. Since Boletellus elatus and Heterobasidion insulasis have strong fibrinolytic and thrombin inhibitory and antioxidative activities, the two mushrooms can be used as material for the development of biofunctional foods for cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.475-478
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• 2003

Bacillus subtilis K-20 chunggukjang is widely used in making soy sauces and bean pastes which are Korean traditional fermented foods. Bacillus subtilis K-20 chunggukjang was cultured, and fermented at $40^{\circ}C$ and 90% humidity for 96 hr after homogenizing with garlic, garlic and onion, and garlic, onion, and ginger. As a result, a product with pizza flavor and taste was obtained from Bacillus subtilis K-20. This product could be used as a functional food to promote immunity.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2020

Purpose: D-dimer levels are known to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with various cancers, but their significance at the end of life remains unclear. This study investigated D-dimer levels as a prognostic indicator for terminal cancer patients in the last hours of life. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at a palliative care unit of a tertiary cancer center, using a database to analyze the records of patients treated from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018. In total, 67 terminal cancer patients with available data on D-dimer levels were included. Patients' demographic data, clinical information, and laboratory values, including D-dimer levels, were collected. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors of poor survival. Results: The most common site of cancer was the lung (32.8%) and the median survival time was 5 days. Most laboratory results, particularly D-dimer levels, deviated from the normal range. Patients with high D-dimer levels had a significantly shorter survival time than those with low D-dimer levels (4 days vs. 7 days; P=0.012). In the Cox regression analysis, only a high D-dimer level was identified as a predictor of a poor prognosis (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.09~3.07). Conclusion: Our results suggest that at the very end of life, D-dimer levels may serve as a prognostic factor for survival in cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological functionalities of 60 wild mushroom methanol extracts. We determined their fibrinolytic and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities. Among them, 11 mushrooms showed fibrinolytic activity. In particular, Armillaria sp. showed the greatest enzyme activity (4.2 plasmin units/ml) in a fibrin plate assay. The fibrinolytic activities of Amanita virosa. Gymnophilus sp. and Lepista nuda were 2.3, and the activities of Amanita citrina and Cortinarius alboviolaceus were 2.1 and 2.0 plasmin units, respectively. In a ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity test, Naematoloma fasciculare showed the greatest inhibitory activity at 98.5%. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of Suillus luteus and Gomphidius maculatus were 66.6% and 61.5%, respectively. This study suggests that both Armillaria sp. and N. fasciculare can be used as candidates for the development of new medicine effective to cardiovascular diseases and biofunctional food.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2011

To investigate the physiological activities of hot water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Pleurotus ferulea, antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were examined. Pleurotus ferulea, hot water extract was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. Each of these was assayed individually. The antioxidative activities of ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were 86.79% and 87.82%, respectively. Using the fibrin plate method, only the ethyl acetate fraction showed a plasmin activity of 0.08 units/ml. Thrombin inhibitory activities of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were 74.90% and 71.08%, respectively. In the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, butanol fraction showed the highest activity at 49.67%. From the above results, we anticipate that solvent fractions of Pleurotus ferulea can be used as a materials for the development of biofunctional foods for cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.385-390
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the long term prognosis of Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy in dogs with early primary glaucoma. The medical records of dogs with early primary glaucoma from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University between January 2005 and May 2008 were reviewed. Five dogs underwent Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy was performed in six dogs. Breeds of the dogs included Shih Tzu(n = 7), American cocker spaniel(n = 2), and miniature poodle(n = 2). Adequate intraocular pressure(IOP) was better maintained in the Ahmed valve implantation group than in the medical treatment group throughout the follow-up period. Mean time for vision loss to develop after treatment in the Ahmed valve implantation group($198.0{\pm}115.4$ days) was significantly longer than that in medical treatment group($43.2{\pm}30.4$ days, p < 0.05). Post-operative complications included occlusion of the tube by fibrin in the anterior chamber (n = 1), fibrous capsule about the episcleral base of the device(n = 1), and dislocation of the valve body(n = 1). It is considered that Ahmed valve implantation is more effective strategy to control IOP and maintain vision than medical treatment in early glaucomatous dogs.