• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1997

A saline suspension of Lumbricus rubellus earthworm powder (EWP) was administered to rats (1 g/kg/day) orally for 15 days to evaluate an oral effectiveness for thrombotic disorders. Blood was drawn at 2-day interval after the administration. Several parameters for antithrombotic, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities were measured, including platelet aggregation, clotting time, plasmin activity and the levels of FDP (fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products), D-dimer, and t-PA antigen. It did not affect platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen but anticoagulant activity (aPTT and TT) was gradually increased to two-folds for the first 5 days of administration and back to normal. Fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction was highest on the 11 th day after the administration. The level of FDP was elevated to be comparable to the positve control$ (5-10 {\mu}g/ml)$ after 9-day treatment. Oral administration of the EWP could also reduce the formation of venous thrombus induced with viper venom. Complete blood count (CBC) profiles were within normal ranges except for a slight increase in white blood cells after the oral administration for 15 days. These results suggested that the EWP may be valuable for the prevention and/or treatment of thrombotic diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.807-810
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• 2008

From October 2005 to August 2006, sympathetic nerve reconstruction with using the intercostal nerve was performed in 4 patients with severe compensatory hyperhidrosis following thoracoscopic sympathetic surgery for facial hyperhidrosis. The interval between the initial sympathetic clipping and the sympathetic nerve reconstruction was a median of 23.1 months. The compensatory sweating after sympathetic nerve reconstruction was improved for 2 patients, but it was not improved for 2 patients. Thoracoscopic sympathetic nerve reconstruction may be one of the useful treatment methods for the patients with severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after they under go sympathetic nerve surgery for hyperhidrosis.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2013

The fibrinolytic activity of aqueous extracts from Korean indigenous insects were studied. Fibrinolytic activity of aqueous extract from 5 insects (larva and adult parts of Meloimorpha japonica, Allomyrina dichotoma, Cetonia pilifera, Apis mellifera) showed 2.7-fold potent than that of plasmin used as a positive control. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity was observed through the degradation products by SDS-PAGE. The extracts efficiently hydrolyzed ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}$ chains of human fibrinogen. This study suggested that aqueous extracts from Korean indigenous insects have potential in developing a useful source of antithrombosis agent(s).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.397-418
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• 1994

Microvascular surgery has been widely used in the clinical field of replantation and reconstructive surgery. Since the last 20 years, microsurgical techniques and instruments have been rapidly developed and the success rate is remarkably increased. But thrombotic occlusion of vessels remains the major reason for clinical failure. The change of vessel wall is the most important factor in thrombus formation. If we can reduce the traumatic changes in the vessel walls during surgery, the success rate can be markedly increased. For this study, femoral arteries and veins of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats with average weights of 300gm were used. The author observed the histological changes and healing process in the anastomostic site after 1 hour, 24 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows : 1. The patency rate was 100% in femoral arteries and 85% in femoral vein. 2. At the early stages after microvascular anastomosis, the loss of endothelial cell in the vessel walls was observed in the wide area including anastomotic site. In scanning electron microscopic finding the anastomotic site was covered with much fibrin, many red blood cells and some platelets. 3. At 1st week, new endothelial cells were formed toward anastomotic site and at 3rd week, the anastomotic site was completely covered by new endothelial cells. At 4th week, the complete endothelialization over the threads was observed. 4. The media extended from the anastomotic site toward the end of the specimen. At later stages, the extent of media necrosis was markedly decreased. But the media necrosis of anastomotic site was not regenerated till 4th week. 5. Intimal hyperplasia appeared at 1st week and increased till 4th week. The layer consisted of endothelialization the most luminal layers and smooth muscle in the deeper layers. But in veins, the response was less pronounced than in arteries. 6. Foreign body granuloma remained during 4 weeks and aneurysm was observed at 3rd week in artery. In aneurismal wall, media necrosis, loss of elastic lamina and intimal hyperplasia were seen.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.253-266
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• 1995

Recently, available interests concerning the biologic significance of the extracellular matrix and proliferating cells associated with periodontal disease has been increased. The distribution or expression of cellular proliferation by PCNA, macrophage detection by ${\alpha}$-l-antichymotrypsin, fibronectin playing a important role in host defence mechanisms indirectly, and transglutaminase that cross linked to fibronectin and stimulate fibrin stabilization were studied in inflammed and healthy gingiva. The excised tissue samples were fixed neutral formalin for 24 hours, embedded with paraffin, sectioned at 4-61lffi in thickness, and immunohistochemically processed by LSAB method. The positive reaction to PCNA was localized in the suprabasal and basal layer of inflammed gingiva and an increasing reactivity was observed than healthy gingiva. ${\alpha}$-I-antichymotrypsin positive cells were localized in the basal layer of inflammed gingiva, and there was no or rare positive cells in healthy gingiva. The positive reaction to fibronectin in inflammed gingiva was more than healthy gingiva,"and shown in the connective tissue subjacent to basement membrane of epithelium and in the periphery of the collagen fiber bundles. The positive cells by transglutaminase in inflammed gingiva were noted in suprabasal, spinous, and keratin layer of epithelium, and slightly increased in the capillaries of connective tissues. But the results of this study demonstrated in vitro reaction. Therefore, the role of PCNA,${\alpha}$-l-antichyrnotrypsin, transglutaminase, fibronectin and coefficient with other growth factor and extracellular matrix were further investigated in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2012

We performed this study to develop antithrombotic agents from oriental medicine herb extracts. Polygonum cuspidatum has been traditionally used as an edible medical resources for the treatment of cancer, pyodermatitis, hepatitis, cystitis, and inflammation. However, the effects of Polygonum cuspidatum on thrombosis and platelet activation are not precisely understood. The antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Polygonum cuspidatum were investigated by assessing the effect of a 70% ethanol extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation. Polygonum cuspidatum showed effective fibrinolytic activity at 10 mg/mL. Polygonum cuspidatum also inhibited adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, evaluation of anticoagulant activity showed that an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum prolonged coagulation time via activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Our results show that Polygonum cuspidatum can be a potential candidate for antiplatelet activity as well as a fibrinolytic agent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2009

암을 제외한 대부분의 성인병은 혈액순환과 관련된 혈관계 질환들로 이들에 의한 사망 비율의 합은 암의 비율과 비슷하게 나타나 혈관계 질환의 심각성을 나타내고 있다. 혈전에 의한 혈관계 질환은 혈전용해제와 트롬빈저해제를 이용하여 치료하고 예방할 수 있으며, a-glucosidase 저해제는 당뇨병 예방과 치료에 이용할 수 있다. 예로부터 민간요법에서 다양하게 이용되어 왔던 반하를 성인병 치료와 예방에 관련된 기능성식품의 자료로 사용하기 위해 반하 열수추출물을 유기 용매로 분획화하고 분획물의 혈전용해활성, 트롬빈저해활성, 혈당강하효과를 측정하였다. 혈전을 직접 용해하는 활성을 측정하기위해 100 mg/ml의 농도로 준비한 시료액을 fibrin plate 방법을 이용하여 혈전용해활성을 측정 결과 hexane 층, chloroform 층, ethyl acetate 층, butanol 층에서는 활성을 나타내지 않았지만 물 층에서 만 0.8 plasmin unit의 높은 혈전용해활성을 나타냈다. 혈전의 형성을 억제하기위해 혈전형성의 필수 효소인 트롬빈의 활성을 저해하는 트롬빈저해활성을 측정하기위해 10 배 희석한 (10 mg/ml) 시료 용액을 이용하여 트롬빈저해활성을 측정결과 hexane 층에서 75.3%의 높은 트롬빈저해활성을 나타냈으며, ethyl acetate 층과 chloroform에서도 각각 43.3%와 39.7%의 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 탄수화물의 소화를 지연시킴으로서 소장에서 포도당의 흡수를 억제하여 혈관내 당의 농도를 조절하는 혈당강하제의 개발을 위해 준비된 조효소액(10 mg/ml)을 이용하여 a-glucosidase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 ethyl acetate 층과 hexane 층에서 각각 24.9%와 23.4%의 저해활성을 확인하였다. 따라서 반하의 hexane 층과 ethyl acetate 층과 물층은 혈전관련 혈관계 질환과 당뇨병 관련 기능성 식품의 개발 소재로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 특히 최근 질병 치료에 효과는 크지만 부작용이 동반되는 화학약품들 대신 활성은 조금 뒤지지만 부작용이 없는 생약을 이용하려는 경향이 커지고 있다. 따라서 오랫동안 민간용법에서 사용되고 있는 반하는 안정성이 확인된 장점을 갖고 있어, 식품재료나 기능성 음료에 이용할 경우 장기간 섭취가 가능해 혈관계 질환의 치료와 예방에 큰 효과를 가져 올 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 2008

Purpose: Skin and soft tissue defect is one of the major challenges faced by plastic surgeons. Adipose derived stromal cells, which can be harvested in large quantities with low morbidity, display multilineage mesodermal potential. Therefore, adipose derived stromal cells have been met with a great deal of excitement by the field of tissue engineering. Recently, Adipose derived stromal cells have been isolated and cultured to use soft tissue restoration. In order to apply cultured cells for clinical purpose, however, FDA approved facilities and techniques are required, which may be difficult for a clinician who cultures cells in a laboratory dedicated to research to utilize this treatment for patients. In addition, long culture period is needed. Fortunately, adipose derived stromal cells are easy to obtain in large quantities without cell culture. The purpose of this study is to present a possibility of using uncultured adipose derived stromal cells for wound coverage. Methods: Seven patients who needed skin and soft tissue restoration were included. Five patients had diabetic foot ulcers, 1 patient got thumb amputation, and 1 patient had tissue defect caused by resection of squamous cell carcinoma. The patients' abdominal adipose tissues were obtained by liposuction. The samples were digested with type I collagenase and centrifuged to obtain adipose derived stromal cells. The isolated adipose derived stromal cells were applied over the wounds immediately after the wound debridement. Fibrin was used as adipose derived stromal cells carrier. Occlusive dressing was applied with films and foams and the wounds were kept moist until complete healing. Results: One hundred to one hundred sixty thousand adipose derived stromal cells were isolated per ml aspirated adipose tissue. All patients' wounds were successfully covered with the grafted adipose derived stromal cells in a 17 to 27 day period. No adverse events related to this treatment occurred. Conclusion: The use of uncultured adipose derived stromal cells was found to be safe and effective treatment for wound coverage without donor site morbidity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.218-223
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effect of spinach saponin-enriched fraction (SSEF) on collagen (10 ${\mu}g/ml$)-stimulated platelet aggregation. SSEF inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and which was involved in the inhibition of thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) production, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-agonist as an aggregation-inducing autacoidal molecule. In addition, SSEF significantly increased the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-antagonists as aggregation-inhibiting molecules, in collagen-stimulated platelets. These results suggest that SSEF might inhibit $Ca^{2+}$-elevation and $TXA_2$ formation by increasing the production of $Ca^{2+}$-antagonistic molecules cAMP and cGMP. These mean that SSEF is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. On the other hand, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were potently prolonged by SSEF. These findings suggest that SSEF prolongs the internal time between the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Accordingly, our data demonstrate that SSEF may be a crucial tool for a negative regulator during platelet activation and blood coagulation on thrombotic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2003

A two-year-old pointer dog showed a liver failure for long duration. By radiographic examination, barium or gas filled intestine was detected in the pericardium. Although liver function was bad, surgery was tried to repair hernia due to the poor prognosis. Intestine, omentum, and liver with gall bladder were dislocated in the pericadial sac by peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH). Intestine was easily removed from pericardial sac but omentum and liver were not because of strong adhesion to the pericardial sac. Postmortem examination was performed because the patient was died after surgery. Grossly, herniated liver whose right medial lobe was strongly adhered to the pericardial sac was severely congested with fibrin adhesion on the surface. Hypoplastic abnormally up-located heart had a fissure in the outside of lower right venticulum bordered apex and depressed large vessels including vena cava and aortic arch into the base of heart. It was suggested that formation of a fissure and depression of vessels might be due to the pressure of herniated organs. In the veterinary literature as far as we knew, PPDH associated with liver failure due to adhesion of liver to the pericardial sac has not been reported.