• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the influence of individual and hybrid fiber on the local bond-slip behavior of medium and high strength concrete after exposure to different high temperatures. Tests were conducted on local pullout specimens (150 mm cubes) with a reinforcing bar embedded in the center section. The embedment lengths in the pullout specimens were three times the bar diameter. The parameters investigated include concrete type (control group: ordinary concrete; experimental group: fiber concrete), concrete strength, fiber type and targeted temperature. The test results showed that the ultimate bond stress in the local bond stress versus slip curve of the high strength fiber reinforced concrete was higher than that of the medium strength fiber reinforced concrete. In addition, the use of hybrid combinations of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber can enhance the residual bond strength ratio of high strength concrete.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2022

Cement-based matrixes have low tensile strength and negligible ductility. Adding fibres to these matrixes will improve their mechanical properties and make these composites suitable for structural applications. Post-cracking tensile strength of steel fibers-reinforced cementitious composite materials is directly related to the number of transverse fibers passing through the crack width and the pulling-out behavior of each of the fibers. Therefore, the exact recognition of the pullout behavior of single fibers is necessary to understand the uniaxial tensile and bending behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. In this paper, an experimental study has been carried out on the pullout behavior of 3D (steel fibers with totally two hooks at both ends), 4D (steel fibers with a total of four hooks at both ends), and 5D (steel fibers with totally six hooks at both ends) in which the fibers have been located either perpendicular to the crack width or in an inclined manner. The pullout behavior of the mentioned steel fibers at an inclination angle of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees and with embedded lengths of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 millimetres is studied in order to explore the simultaneous effect of the inclination angle of the fibers relative to the alongside loading and the embedded length of fibers on the pullout response in each case, including the maximal pullout force, the slip of the maximum point of pullout force, pullout energy, fiber rupture, and concrete matrix spalling. The results showed that the maximum pullout energy in 3D, 4D, and 5D steel fibers with different embedded lengths occurs at 0 to 30° inclination angles. In 5D fibers, maximum pullout energy occurs at a 30° angle with a 25 mm embedded length.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2019

This study investigated the effects of the geometric parameters of superelastic shape memory alloy (SE SMA) fibers on the pullout displacement recovering and self-healing capacity of reinforced cementitious composites. Three diameters of 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 mm and two different crimped lengths of 5.0 and 10.0 mm were considered. To provide best anchoring action and high bond between fiber and cement mortar, the fibers were crimped at the end to create spear-head shape. The single fiber cement-based specimens were manufactured with the cement mortar of a compressive strength of 84 MPa with the square shape at the top and a dog-bone shape at the bottom. The embedded length of each fiber was 15 mm. The pullout test was performed with displacement control to obtain monotonic or hysteretic behaviors. The results showed that pullout displacements were recovered after fibers slipped and stuck in the specimen. The specimens with fiber of larger diameter showed better displacement recovering capacity. The flag-shaped behavior was observed for all specimens, and those with fiber of 1.0 mm diameter showed the clearest one. It was observed that the length of fiber anchorage did not have a significant effect on the displacement recovery, pullout resistance and self-healing capacity.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권2A호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2011

본 연구는 섬유보강 시멘트 모르타르에서 무수말레인산이 그라프트된 폴리프로필렌(maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, mPP) 분말의 첨가가 무극성 마크로 합성섬유(마크로 합성섬유)의 부착특성에 미치는 효과를 평가하였다. 다양한 mPP의 첨가율(시멘트 중량의 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%)에 따른 시멘트 모르타르와 마크로 합성섬유의 부착거동을 평가하기 위하여 Dog-bone 부착시험을 수행하였다. 시멘트 모르타르내에서 마크로 합성섬유의 부착 특성(일반거동, 인발하중 및 계면인성)은 mPP의 사용량 증가할수록 증가하였다. 인발시험 후 마크로 합성섬유 표면의 미세구조 분석은 mPP의 첨가율에 따른 마찰 저항력을 평가하기 위하여 관찰하였다. mPP의 첨가율이 증가할수록 마크로 합성섬유 표면에 긁힘 현상이 증가하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권3A호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2011

본 연구는 천연마섬유보강 시멘트 경화체와 폴리올레핀계 매크로섬유의 부착강도, 계면인성, 미세구조 분석을 포함한 부착 특성에 미치는 천연마섬유의 효과를 제시하였다. 다양한 조건에서의 폴리올레핀계 매크로섬유 인발시험의 실험적 결과를 보고하였다. 천연마섬유의 혼입률은 0.1%에서 0.2%까지를 배합설계에 적용하였다. 부착시험은 천연마섬유보강 시멘트 경화체에서 폴리올레핀계 매크로섬유의 부착특성을 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험결과 천연마섬유의 혼입은 폴리올레핀계 매크로섬유와 시멘트 경화체의 계면강화에 효과적이었다. 폴리올레핀계 매크로섬유와 천연마섬유보강 시멘트 경화체의 부착강도 및 계면인성은 섬유의 혼입률이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 미세구조분석은 섬유의 인발시험결과로부터 획득한 부착 메커니즘을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권4호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2020

The microstructure and mechanical properties of concrete will degrade significantly at high temperatures, thus affecting the bond strength between reinforcing steel and surrounding concrete in reinforced concrete members. In this study, the effect of individual and hybrid fiber on the local bond-slip behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) after exposure to elevated temperatures was experimentally investigated. Tests were conducted on local pullout specimens (150 mm cubes) with a reinforcing bar embedded in the center section. The embedment lengths of the pullout specimens were 4.2 times the bar diameter. The parameters investigated included concrete type (control group: ordinary LWAC; experimental group: fiber reinforced LWAC), concrete strength, fiber type, and targeted temperature. The test results showed that for medium-strength LWACs exposed to high temperatures, the use of only steel fibers did not significantly increase the residual bond strength. Moreover, the addition of individual and hybrid fiber had little effect on the residual bond strength of the high-strength LWAC after exposure to a temperature of 800℃.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of metakaoline and silica fume on the bond performances of structural polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber in cement mortar, including bond strength, interface toughness, and microstructure analysis are presented. Metakaoline and silica fume contents ranging from 0 % to 15 % are used in the mix proportions. Pullout tests are conducted to measure the bond performance of PVA fiber from cement mortar. Test results showed the incorporation of metakaoline and silica fume can effectively enhance the PVA fiber-cement mortar interfacial properties. Bond strength and interface toughness increased with metakaoline and silica fume content up to 10 % in cement mortar and decreased when the metakaoline and silica fume content reached 15 %. The microstructural observation confirms the findings on the interface bond mechanism drawn from the fiber pullout test results.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

This paper provides a brief summary of the performance of an innovative slip hardening twisted steel fiber in comparison with other fibers including straight steel smooth fiber, high strength steel hooked fiber, SPECTRA (high molecular weight polyethylene) fiber and PVA fiber. First the pull-out of a single fiber is compared under static loading conditions, and slip rate-sensitivity is evaluated. The unique large slip capacity of T-fiber during pullout is based on its untwisting fiber pullout mechanism, which leads to high equivalent bond strength and composites with high ductility. Due to this large slip capacity a smaller amount of T-fibers is needed to obtain strain hardening tensile behavior of fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Second, the performance of different composites using T-fibers and other fibers subjected to tensile and flexural loadings is described and compared. Third, strain rate effect on the behavior of composites reinforced with different types and amounts of fibers is presented to clarify the potential application of HPFRCC for seismic, impact and blast loadings.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 2018

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is a material with increasing application in civil engineering. Here it is assumed that the material consists of a great number of rather small fibers embedded into the concrete matrix. It would be advantageous to predict the mechanical properties of FRC using nondestructive testing; unfortunately, many testing methods for concrete are not applicable to FRC. In addition, design methods for FRC are either inaccurate or complicated. In three-point bending tests of FRC prisms, it has been observed that fiber reinforcement does not break but simply pulls out during specimen failure. Following that observation, this work is based on an assumption that the main components of a simple and rather accurate FRC model are mechanical properties of the concrete matrix and fiber pullout force. Properties of the concrete matrix could be determined from measurements on samples taken during concrete production, and fiber pullout force could be measured on samples with individual fibers embedded into concrete. However, there is no clear relationship between measurements on individual samples of concrete matrix with a single fiber and properties of the produced FRC. This work presents an inverse model for FRC that establishes a relation between parameters measured on individual material samples and properties of a structure made of the composite material. However, a deterministic relationship is clearly not possible since only a single beam specimen of 60 cm could easily contain over 100000 fibers. Our inverse model assumes that the probability density function of individual fiber properties is known, and that the global sample load-displacement curve is obtained from the experiment. Thus, each fiber is stochastically characterized and accordingly parameterized. A relationship between fiber parameters and global load-displacement response, the so-called forward model, is established. From the forward model, based on Levenberg-Marquardt procedure, the inverse model is formulated and successfully applied.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.900-909
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• 2002

섬유는 콘크리트의 취약점인 인장 및 균열저항성을 증가시켜 그 효용성을 크게 한다. 그러나, 섬유의 균열저항성을 합리적으로 예측하기 위해서는 균열후의 거동예측기법이 정립되어야 한다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 최근 들어 개발되고 있는 구조용 합성섬유 보강콘크리트의 균열후 거동(Post-Cracking Behavior)을 예측하기 위한 해석기법을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 합성섬유 보강 콘크리트 보의 균열단면해석에 있어서, 우선적으로 균열단면을 강체운동으로 가정하고, 균열폭(crack width) 및 균열면에 대해 기울기 90$^{\circ}$ 인 단일섬유의 인발실험(pullout test)에 의한 인발 하중(pullout load)과 변위(slip)의 관계를 이용하여 개개 섬유의 균열이후 거동을 묘사하였다. 또한 실제 섬유의 매립방향과 매립길이의 다양성을 확률적으로 고려하여 균열면에서의 유효섬유개수를 산정한 뒤에 FRC 보의 휨거동해석을 수행하였고, FRC 보 실험을 시행한 결과와 비교한 결과 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 해석결과로부터 하중-처짐 곡선, 모멘트-곡률 곡선 등을 도출할 수 있으며, 본 연구의 모델은 일정수준의 균열 저항성 또는 인성지수(toughness performance)를 얻기 위한 섬유의 기하형상을 개발하는데 유용한 방법으로 사용될 수 있다. 또한 평균응답, 파괴모드의 운동학으로 표현된 이 모델은 FRC 보 실험 결과들을 유사하게 예측할 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 섬유보강콘크리트 부재의 합리적인 설계 및 해석에 효율적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.