• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.413-418
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• 2001

Fundamental failure mode in a laminated composite pinned-joint is proposed to assess damage resulting from stress concentration in the plate. The joint area is a region with stress concentrations thus a complicated stress state exists. The modeling of damage in a laminated composite pinned-joint presents many difficulties because of the complexity of the failure process. In order to model progressive from initial to final, finite element methods are used rather than closed form stress analyses. Failure analysis must be a logical combination of suitable failure criteria and appropriate material properties degradation rules. In this study, the material properties which were obtained in previous study, the preparing process of the bearing strength test for a pinned joint CFRP composite plate subjected to in-plane loading at low temperature, and the FEM result of progressive damage model using ANSYS program are summarized to assess the structural safety of CFRP plate used in the magnetic supporting post of KSTAR(Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research).

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 2006

An electrospinning process was used to fabricate poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers embedding multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs). SEM images showed that the nanofiber surface and structural morphology depended on solvent types (dimethyl formamide, chlor-form and toluene) and carbon nanotube contents (0.5 and $3.0\;wt\%$). Nano-fiber alignments could be controlled by adjusting the electrodes configuration at collector sites. Relationship between carbon nanotube and PMMA nanofiber was studied with radius of gyration of polymer chain and carbon nanotube sizes. As the carbon nanotube content ratio increased, the number of bead increased.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2002

Analysis and separation of constituent materials of old car have been performed by using the industrial shredding line. For this aim, three old cars made by domestic automobile manufacturers, Sonata II, Sephia and Prince were chosen and delivered in pressed form without engine, tires and doors, etc. Shredding line was substantially composed of pre- and main-shredder. cyclone, magnetic separation, eddy current separation and man-power separation. From the separation of shredder products, iron scrap was observed to be the major material of old car accounting for 60.1 ％ of total weight and non-ferrous metals involving Al, Cu and Zn, etc. were about 2％. Light fluff, about 90％ of total fluff product, was comprised with plastic, fiber and sponge, etc. and the fraction of 5 cm undersize in light fluff was 70.5%. In case of heavy fluff, however. rubber and plastic were found to be the major constituent materials of it. Among the constituent materials of fluff, plastic showed the highest calorific value, more than 10,000 cal/gr and leather and rubber showed relatively high chlorine content, 10.3 and 2.55 wt%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.4 s.33
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• pp.589-600
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• 1997

Cold-formed deck sections are used in many composite floor slab applications wherein the steel deck serves not only as the form for the concrete during construction but also as the principal tensile reinforcement for the bottom fiber of the composite slab. This paper provides the results of an experimental study performed for the composite slabs with the new shaped deck plates with the locking ribs, the dove tails, and the powerful embossment, which are the mechanical means to improve positive interlocking effect between the deck and the concrete. A total of 28 specimens are tested to investigate the composite effects between the concrete and metal deck plate. Important parameters in this are the span length, the thickness of the deck plate, support condition, and whether shear studs are placed at each support or not. The test results are summarized for the maximum load and failure behavior for the specimens.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 1990

1, 2-Disubstituted imidazolines, such as 1-behenoyl-aminoethyl-2-heneicosylimidazoline(BHI), 1-behenoylbis(aminoethyl)-2-heneicosylimidazoline(BBI), and 1-behenoyltris(aminoethyl)-2-henoicosylimidazoline(BTI) were synthesized by reacting 3 kinds of polyalkylene polyamines with behenic acid to provide the softness to imidazoline ring.1, 2-Disubstituted imidazolinium chlorides, such as 1-behenoyl-aminoethyl-1-glycidyl-2-heneicosylimidazolinium chloride(BHIC), 1-behenoylbis(aminoethyl)-1-glycidyl-2-henoicosylimidazolinium chloride(BBIC), and 1-behenoyltris(aminoethyl)-1-glycidyl-2-henoicosylimidazolinium chloride(BTIC) were prepared by quaternizing 1, 2-disubstituted imidazoline compounds. The optimum condition for the preparation of BHI, BBI, and BTI was 8 hrs at $210^{\circ}C$. In the synthesis of BHIC, the completely quaternized product was obtained by reacting BHI-epichlorohydrin with 1:1.3 mole ratio, and mole ratios higher than 1:1.5 were required in the preparation of BBIC and BTIC, BHICS, BBICS, and BTICS softners form BHIC, BBIC, and BTIC was treated to acrylic fiber. It was found that were good softners as the softening property was measured.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.782-790
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to develop menu for tofu, which will satisfy a variety of needs of people by harmonizing tofu and other ingredients. Methods: In the present study, the standard recipes were made for tofu menu development by improving the existing recipes like Dubu-seon, Dubu-kimchi, Dubu-jeongol, and Sundubu-jjigae (soft tofu stew). Based on newly developed recipes, the nutritional analysis was conducted using the analyzing program of the Korean Nutrition Society (CAN-Pro 4.0). Food styling was devised considering the shape and color of plates, layout, and color harmony. Table design was devised empirically employing tablecloth, napkin, dinnerware, glasses, cutlery, centerpiece, and figures. Results: Food styling of Dubu-seon was devised by improving the visual aspect, using Korean traditional five cardinal colors. It turns out that the improvised version of Dubu-seon (prepared following the new recipe) can satisfy 15.1% of amount of recommended dietary fiber intake per day for both male and female adults. In case of Dubu-kimchi, the dish was developed as a one-dish meal by supplementing protein and improving food styling. Beef was added in a form of a meatballs which is especially preferred by children. However, the amount of salt was reduced due to the strong and spicy taste of kimchi itself, resulting in 32% of daily intake of sodium. Dubu-jeongol was also improvised by reducing protein content, and more vegetables were added. Food styling was also improved. Concerning Sundubu-jjigae, protein was supplemented by addition of mushrooms rather than the existing way of adding shellfish. The sodium content was 133.88 mg, which is merely 10% of daily intake. Conclusion: With the new developments in tofu menus, new food styling, and table design, this study aims to contribute towards the rise in sales in the food service industry in terms of being used as basic and critical data.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Electron microscopy of the tremolite-actinolite series amphiboles from the naturally occurring asbestos locality showed the morphological diversity including fibrous, acicular, and prismatic. Very thin, long, and flexible fibers of constant width form ropy bundles or mats. Acicular particles are slightly thick, long, elastic, and easily separated from the bundle of parallel rods. Acicular fragments of lower aspect ratio are formed during the crushing of the amphibole prism. Morphological features of the amphiboles are different depending on their localities and vary in a specimen. Morphological continuum between amphibole fiber and prism requires the establishment of reliable identification criterions and sample preparation protocol based on the relation between carcinogenicity and morphological features.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.407-420
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• 2018

Old documents related to the head family of admiral Yi Sun-shin have been preserved by the descendants of Deoksu Yi clan and various kinds of documents have remained even today. Seven documents issued by the king,"Goshin Gyoji", "Jeunggik Gyoji", "Gyochub", "Gyoseo", "Yuseo", "Hongpae", and "Chikmyung", showed the time when they were made. Because they have been kept in their original form, these documents make it possible to identify the characteristics of the paper used to create documents during that time and to compare the records in those documents with other cultural properties based on scientific investigation and analysis of conservation treatment processing. The characteristics of Oebal-tteugi(Heulim-tteugi) in the papermaking process were identified through the shape of the surface fibers, and Dochim processing was found in most of the old documents with the help of density measurement and paper surface analysis. All the papers were found to be made of paper mulberry, and bast fibers of mature mulberry were mainly used for the process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.292-303
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• 2011

This research suggested a draft proposal for a smart jacket design, which has applied wearable technologies to provide convenience in daily life. The smart jacket combined with a vest was the casual item for autumn and winter. The heating device was composed of the heating element, battery, controller, electric wire, connector, switch, and charger. A stable electronic conductor fiber of good heating effect with a flexible zigzag form has been selected for the heating element. The lighting device has been made in a way that attaches the LED and its power controller in the same mechanical device. As the result of the wearing test, the heating effect turned out to be effective in the order of: back, both the back and abdomen and only the abdomen. When wearing a smart jacket, the back and abdomen have been selected as favorable body parts for heating. Pockets and hems are selected as the adequate place to attach the LED lighting, and the brightness of LED lighting has turned out to be suitable and useful. Based on the test results, the first draft proposal has attached the heating element only in the back and its controller located in the inside pocket of the vest. In addition, the LED has been attached to the front pocket of the jacket. As to the second draft proposal, heating elements have been placed in the back and the abdomen. Each controller for the heating elements has been placed in the front and inside pocket of vest, and the LED lighting has been attached to the hem of the jacket. The smart jacket combined with a wearable device was assessed by functioning categories. The user showed a high satisfaction in the heating and illuminating function of a smart jacket.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2001

Jeju Italian millet was grown at five planting densities(5$\times$5, 15$\times$15, 20$\times$20, 25cm) form May 13 to Aug. 14, 2000 at jeju island to determine influence of planting density on agronomic characters, forage yield and quality. Days to heading increased from 87 to 89 days as planting density was decreased. In 5$\times$5cm planting density plot, plant height was 185.4cm and it was gradually decreased as planting density was increased. So in 30$\times$30cm planting density plot, plant height was 173cm. As planting density increased, stem diameter, the number of nodes per plant, the umber of leaves, leaf width and SPAD reading values was increased, the longer leaf length as the broader planting density. Fresh forage yield increased from 29.99 to 55.01MT/ha, dry matter(DM) yield from 8.04 to 15.59MT/ha, crude protein(CP) yield from 0.78 to 2.26MT/ha and total digestible nutrients(TDN) yield from 3.65 to 7.93MT/ha as planting density was decreased. Crude protein content increased from 9.8 to 14.5% ether extract comtent from 1.4 to 1.9%, nitrogen free extract content from 38.4% to 38.9% and TDN content from 45.4 to 50.9%, but crude fiber content decreased from 34.5 to 30.1% and crude ash content from 9.1 to 8.0% as planting density was decreased.