• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1996

Effective method for the preparation of Dongchimi juice was developed by addition of NaCi, sucrose and bydrolytic enzymes before fermentation and addition on Dongchimi juice during fermentation. The radish was ground and suspended in water(1:1, w/v) with addition of spices(garlic, green onion and ginger) followed by fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$. The addition of 2% NaCi and 0.5~2.0% sucrose resulted in significant increase of solid content and it was also improved by the addition of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme during fermentation. When the fermented juices of pH 5.4 of 4.4 were added by 15% of total weight before(pH 5.4 juice)and during (pH 4.4 juice) fermentation, a significant increase in solid content after 24hrs of fermentation was resulted. The combined method of addition of 2% NaCI, 1.0% sucrode, 0.1% Viscozyme and 10% of fermented juice of pH 5.4 and 4.$ before and during fermentation improved solid content, reducing sugar, color and showed little effect on viscosity. The organoleptic characteristics were also improved by the combined method.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.726-732
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• 2014

A traditional Korean seafood (fermented anchovy) is made from the muscle and viscera of anchovies Engraulis japonica. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of retorting condition on the quality of canned, salt-fermented anchovy fillet using red pepper paste with vinegar. Salt-fermented anchovy fillets were prepared by fermenting anchovies with salt (15%) at $5^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, and then cold air drying the fillets for 1 hour. Each batch of dried fermented anchovy fillets (60 g) was filled with 35 g of mixed red pepper paste with vinegar (red pepper paste 64%, vinegar 2%, starch syrup 13%, sugar 14%, coke 6%, soju 0.4%, crushed garlic 0.3%, ginger 0.3%), placed in a can (RR-90), seamed using a vacuum seamer, and sterilized for either Fo 9 or 11 min in a steam system retort at $121^{\circ}C$. After sterilization, we measured the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), amino-N, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, sensory evaluation, and viable bacterial count of the canned fillets. We did not detect viable bacterial counts in cans subjected to either sterilization treatment, and there was no difference in physicochemical and sensory quality between the two. In fact, most sensory evaluators reported difficulty distinguishing the products. Thus, our results show that sterilization for Fo 9 min is preferable to that for Fo 11 min in the preparation of canned salt-fermented anchovy fillet using red pepper paste with vinegar.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2013

김치양념과 두부를 혼합한 유산발효기법을 이용한 발효두부의 항산화 활성 및 유리아미노산의 변화를 조사하였다. 유산균을 접종하지 않은 김치양념에 침지한 두부(control), 유산균을 접종(2%, v/v)한 김치양념에 침지한 두부(TL, tofu and kimchi ingredients with lactic acid bacteria)와 유산균를 접종하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 발효시킨 김치양념에 침지한 두부(TPL, tofu in pre-fermented kimchi ingredients with lactic acid bacteria)의 발효기간 중 total polyphenol 함량은 모든 처리구에서 증가하였고, 그중 TPL구가 가장 높았다. DPPH radical 소거능은 TPL구가 발효 12주에 84.11%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 아질산염 소거능, SOD 유사활성 역시 TPL구가 각각 57.40%, 26.05%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 총 polyphenol 함량, 전자공여능, 아질산염소거능, SOD 유사활성이 가장 우수한 TPL구의 isoflavone과 유리아미노산의 함량을 측정한 결과 isoflavone은 발효 전에 비해 30% 증가하여 2.34 mg/g이었다. 유리아미노산 역시 발효 전 1.51 mg/g에서 발효 14주에 TPL구의 유리아미노산 함량은 20.81 mg/g으로 발효 전에 비해 92% 증가하였다. 필수아미노산의 함량은 5.55 mg/g이었으며, 전체 아미노산의 27% 수준이었다. 필수아미노산의 함량은 lysine (1.24 mg/g)> leucine(1.20 mg/g)> valine(0.92 mg/g)> phenylalanine(0.78 mg/g)> isoleucine(0.65 mg/g)> threonine(0.50 mg/g)> methionin(0.26 mg/g) 순으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.523-527
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 발효에 따른 돌산 갓김치 즙액내의 미생물량의 항산화 효과와의 관계, 발효 중 sinigrin 함량 변화와 일반성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 돌산 갓김치는 돌산 갓, 파, 마늘, 생강 그리고 고추가루를 첨가하여 제조하였으며, 2$0^{\circ}C$, 50일간 발효하였다. 갓김치 즙액내의 미생물의 수는 적숙기인 10일째까지 상승하다가 감소하는 경향이었는데 항산화 효과도 비슷한 앙상이어서 갓김치 발효 중 미생물에 의한 대사산물이 항산화 효과 증가와 같은 생리기능성에 큰 영향을 주었으리라 사료되며, sinigrin 함량도 발효가 진행되면서 적숙기에 최대로 나타나서 기능성 물질중 하나로 사료된다. 또한 일반성분 변화 중 조단백질의 양이 후숙기로 갈수록 증가하는 경향이었는데, 이는 각종 미생물의 증가로 인해 증가한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 적갓김치의 발효과정에 따른 발효특성과 항산화성을 규명하기 위해 갓김치와 가열 쇠고기를 이용한 model system을 만들어 쇠고기 지방질에 대한 항산화성을 살펴보았고 용매별로 추출한 김치성분의 항산화성을 살펴보았다. 적 갓김치는 15$^{\circ}C$에서 발효가 진행되면서 6일째 김치의 pH가 4.5에 도달하였다. 발효진행에 따라서 산도는 증가하였고 환원당은 서서히 감소하였으며 이때 젖산균수 역시 최대치에 도달하였다. 또한 a-scorbic acid 함량은 발효가 진행되면서 감소하였다가 발효 6일째에 다시 다소 증가하였다. 총 페놀함량은 생 시료에서보다는 갓김치에서 높게 나타났으며 발효가 진행됨에 따라 총 페놀함량은 증가하였다. 적 갓김치를 가열쇠고기와의 model system을 조제하여 TBA가를 통해 항산화성을 살펴본 결과 첨가한 김치의 양이 많을수록 항산화성이 높게 나타났으며 생시료일 때보다는 김치의 항산화성이 우수하였으며 발효가 진행된 숙성상태일 때 더 항산화성이 우수하였다. 동결건조시킨 적 갓김치를 물, 메탄올, 핵산 세가지 용매로 추출하여 항산화성을 살펴보았을 때 메탄을 추출물의 항산화성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 담금직후보다는 숙성된 상태의 갓김치가 항산화성이 높았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate changes in the characteristics of the fermented pork using a Korean traditional seasonings. Biceps femoris were cut to cube(7 ${\times}$ 12 ${\times}$ 2 em) and three Korean traditional seasonings such as soybean paste(Tl), garlic paste(T2), red pepper paste(T3), were seasoned by the proportions of meat to each seasonings(l: 1), respectively. The seasoned samples were fermented at 0 $\pm$ 1 $^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Sensory evaluation did not significantly differ between all treatments. The highest pH among treatments were shown in T2, wheres T3 showed the lowest value. The highest saccarinity was shown in T2, followed by T3. Salinity was shown to be higher in all treatments. Shear force value was the highest in T2 and T3. VBN and TBARS increased during storage. The total bacterial counts was highest of storage 21 days. E. coli. was higher in the order of T2 > T3 > TI. Lactobacilli spp. was higher in the order of T2 > T1 > T3.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.796-801
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• 2000

Kimchi is the Korean traditional food which is fermented properly from salted Korean cabbage of raddish with other various supplements. Kimchi therefore can be the major sources for various kinds of nutrients and other biological substances. The fermentation process accompanies with complicated reaction mechanism which bacteria, fungi and yeast are involved and they produced aroma, taste and bioactive components. To identify nucleoside, this study was conducted with freeze-dried mustard leaf, mustard leaf kimchi and fermented mustard leaf kimchi. Hexane, CH$_2$Cl$_2$, EtOAc and BuOH was used in order to extract their components. The isolated compounds I and II from mustard leaf and mustard leaf kimchi were identified as adenosine and uracil using UV, $^{1}H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and LC-MS, respectively. Compound I, II and nucleosides are the first report of its occurrence from mustard leaf and their kimchi, the standardized ratios of ingredients for kimchi were 10 of anchovy juice, 8 of red pepper powder, 3 of garlic, 1.5 of ginger, 6 of paste of glutinous rice. The nucleoside of mustard leaf and their kimchi was determined and compared. The order of nucleosides contents of mustard leaf was uridine>cytosine>uracil>adenine>guanosine>guanin, that of fresh mustard leaf kimchi was uridine>uracil>cytosine>guanine>adenosine>adenin>guanosine and that of fermented mustard leaf kimchi (5days at 15$^{\circ}C$) was guanine>adenine>adenosine>guanosine. The differences of nucleoside contents from those were due to various supplements and fermentation process.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 1999

The purpose of the paper is to explore the current knowledge on the nutritional evaluation, cholesterol-lowering effect and antitumor activity of kimchi and its ingredients(Korean cabbage, garlic, red pepper powder, ginger and onion). Kimchi contains high contents of nutrients such as vitamins(ascorbic acid, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin B complex), minerals(calcium, potassium, iron and phosphorous), essential amino acids and dietary fiber. Kimch also contains high levels of lactic acid bacteria, allicin, capsaicin, organic acid, phenol compounds, flavonoid and sulfur compounds. The dietary fiber and lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi are effective in improving intestinal microflora of human. Isoluble dietary fiber shows anticancer activity, but soluble dietary fiber shows hypocholesterolemic effect. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi acts as a hypocholesterolemic or anticancer agent. A major ingredient of kimchi is mainly cruciferous and allium family vegetables, which were also reported to prevent cancer and atherosclerosis. It is suggested that kimchi is important not only as one of the traditional fermented Korean food but also as therapeutic agent for carcinogenesis and hypercholesterolemic state.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.127-137
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study is to provide a basic knowledge of Kimchi preferred by high school students and to improve high school students' Kimchi intake. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1,056 high school students in Taegu area. The results were as follows: 82% of the students had an affirmative opinion of Kimchi intake and they regarded Kimchi as one of our traditional, healthful and nutritious foods. The most well known Kimchi is as follows: Kkaktugi, Baechu Kimchi, Mul Kimchi, Chonggak Kimchi, Pa Kimchi, Dongchimi, Kkaennip Kimchi and Buchu Kimchi. The students preferred the white stems of the Chinese cabbage. Boy students preferred taste of fresh prepared Kimchi but girl students more preferred properly fermented Kimchi than the other. Their favorite ingredients were Korean radishes, oysters, green onion and carrots, also their favorite spices were red pepper powder, anchovies sauce, garlic and sugar in the order. Among those spices, boy students more preferred anchovies sauce than girl students. The students regarded market Kimchi as one of convenient and time-saving, but less quality and insanitary foods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.642-650
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• 1995

Chinese cabbage kimchi has long been consumed as a traditional fermented food in Korea. Ingredients involved in kimchi preparation, such as red peper, garlic, ginger, green onion, and etc., influence the kimchi fermentation rate differing with kinds and amount of ingredients. In this review article, information on the kinds and amounts of these ingredients used in the extant 75 literature is given together with data for frequency and average amount of each ingredient. In addition, chemical composition, minerals and vitamins, and characteristics of the ingredients are present. Effects of ingredients on kimchi fermentation also are extensively reviewed.