• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2017

풍수의 본질은 생기(生氣)와 감응(感應)이다. 즉 사람이 늙어 죽는 것은 가화합체(假化合體)인 형태가 분리되어 화합이전의 진체(眞體)로 돌아가는 것이다. 이 땅으로 돌아간 뼈가 길기(吉氣)에 감응하면 그 자손에게 행복을 미친다. 그것은 마치 동쪽산에 불꽃이 나오면 서쪽산에 구름이 이는 것과 같은 동기상응(同氣相應)과 친자감응(親子感應)이 풍수의 본질이라 할 수 있다 (무라야마 지준/최길성, 1990; 장용득, 1996; 지창룡, 1984; 최창조, 1984; 김성원, 2011a, b, c, d; 2012). 인간의 운명을 결정짓는 것은 여러 가지가 있다. 그 중에서 풍수가 인간의 운명에 끼치는 영향도 지대하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 대한민국의 역사상 가장 큰 국정농단 사건의 주역인 최태민-최순실 일가의 음택터에 대한 분석을 위하여 풍수공학적 접근법을 시도하였다. 최태민과 최순실은 대통령의 국정권한을 사사로운 개인의 영달을 위하여 사용하여 국가의 정치 및 경제가 파탄나고 국론분열은 더 심각해지고, 그로인한 국가의 운명이 풍전등화와 같다고 설명될 수 있다. 따라서 최태민과 부친인 최윤성 음택터에 대한 풍수공학적 해석을 통하여 국정농단의 근원을 찾아서 그 원인을 차단할 수 있는 기법을 풍수공학적으로 제시하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.86-103
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• 2016

'Sukchunjeahdo' illustration-book, which was left by Han, Pil-gyo(韓弼敎 : 1807~1878)in the late Joseon Dynasty, includes pictorial record paintings containing government offices, Eupchi, and Feng Shui condition drawn by Gyehwa(界畵) method Sabangjeondomyobeop(四方顚倒描法) and is the rare historical material that help to understand spatial structure and landscape characteristics. Youngyuhyun(永柔縣) and Sincheongun(信川郡) town, the case sites of this study, show Feng Shui foundation structure and placement rules of government offices in the Joseon Period are applied such as 3Dan 1Myo(三壇一廟 : Sajikdan, Yeodan, Seonghwangdan, Hyanggyo), 3Mun 3Jo(三門三朝 : Oeah, Dongheon, Naeah) and Jeonjohuchim(前朝後寢) etc. by setting the upper and lower hierarchy of the north south central axis. The circulation system is the pattern that roads are segmented around the marketplace of the entrance of the town and the structure is that heading to the north along the internal way leads to the government office and going out to the main street leads to the major city. Baesanimsu(背山臨水 : Mountain in backward and water in front) foundation, back hill pine forest, intentionally created low mountains and town forest etc. showed landscape aesthetics well suited for the environmental comfort condition such as microclimate control, natural disaster prevention, psychological stability reflecting color constancy principle etc. and tower pavilions were built throughout the scenic spot, reflecting life philosophy and thoughts of contemporaries such as physical and mental discipline, satisfied at the reality of poverty, returning to nature etc. For government office landscape, shielding and buffer planting, landscape planting etc. were considered around Gaeksa(客舍), Dongheon(東軒), Naeah(內衙) backyard and deciduous tree s and flowering trees were cultivated as main species and in case of Gaeksa, tiled pavilions and pavilions topped with poke weed in tetragonal pond were introduced to Dongheon and Naeah and separate pavilions were built for the purpose of physical and mental discipline and military training such as archery. Back hill pine tree forest formed back landscape and zelkova, pear trees, willow trees, old pine trees, lotus, flowering trees etc. were cultivated as gardening trees and Feng-Shui forest with willow trees as its main species was created for landscape and practical purposes. On the other hand, various cultural landscape elements etc. were introduced such as pavilions, pond serving as fire protection water(square and circle), stone pagoda and stone Buddha, fountains and wells, monument houses, flagpoles etc. In case of Sincheongun town forest(邑藪), Manhagwan(挽河觀), Moonmujeong(文武井), Sangjangdae(上場岱) and Hajangdae(下場岱) Market place, Josanshup<(造山藪 : Dongseojanglim(東西長林)>, Namcheon(南川) etc. were combined and community cultural park with the nature of modern urban park was operated. In this context, government office landscape shows the garden management aspect where square pond and pavilions, flowering trees are harmonized around side pavilion and backyard. Also, environmental design technique not biased to aesthetics and ideological moral philosophy and comprehensively considering functionality (shielding and fire prevention, microclimate control, etc.) and environmental soundness etc. is working.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.49-63
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• 2002

While the existing feng-shui is largely approached architecturally and geographically as positive place and negative place, the study is characterized by approaching and analyzing poong-soo environmentally. The theory of Eco-city as one of modern-city theories is worthy of studying by analyzing the merits and demerits of it and combining it with poong-soo and making a new alternative theory. Theory of Natural Energy and principle of Natural Balance. Thus, poong-soo ideas can be an important view of nature in analyzing the theory of Eco-city which is coming to the front these days. In particular, we try to make use of poong-soo as a basic theory for a city planning and design by studying and analyzing and combining the merits and demerits of Eco-city with poong-soo and presenting a new alternative method of a stable and balanced "refined city development". On the other hand, we connect 'theory with practice(or experience)' by covering all spaces variably from minimum unit space to city-space from the standpoint of poong-soo. But, problem of the Theory of Eco-city from the view of poong-soo are too artificial and theoretical, even if ideal. Conversely, from the view of Eco-city, the possibility of the practicability of Korean poong-soo is judged to be high. we can tell that among capital cities applied by poong-soo, historical cities like Beijing in China, Seoul in Korea and Tokyo in Japan are poong-soo cities in accordance with the requirements of Eco-city.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

This study aimed to analyze health promotion villages from the perspective of therapeutic architecture, and to provide basic information for planning relevant health facilities. On the basis of a review of previous literature, the characteristics of therapeutic architecture were classified into eight categories: safety, comfort, sociality, autonomy, openness, diversity, privacy, and natural environment. Field study and observation were performed in four health promotion villages that conduct programs for lifestyle improvement, physical fitness, and treatment; these villages were also considered to have a healthy residential environment. The researcher and three assistants visited the facilities and checked utilization of space through interviews with the staff and guided tours. Basic information about the subject facilities, such as the purpose of establishment, was gathered from websites before visits. Two of the villages examined in this study had a traditional Korean wooden structure, while the other two were reinforced concrete and masonry block structures. All the facilities emphasized the use of environmentally friendly material and harmony with nature. Each site was divided into the following areas: office, residence, health/treatment, public/rest, and outdoor. The safety standards of the healing architecture were not completely satisfactory at all facilities. In particular, it was found that they lacked adequate universal design equipment. However, the healing characteristics of autonomy and diversity were strong. With regard to autonomy, the facilities allowed visitors to select indoor-outdoor moving lines and the use of front- and backyards constructed on slopes. In addition, they were equipped with many entries, staircases, void, terraces, and crossroads. The architecture was aesthetically designed using feng shui symbolism, and visitors found the scenes depicted in various spaces in the villages to be stimulating. Besides, the facilities were constructed using natural materials, had a natural indoor environment, and provided a sense of spaciousness and flexibility.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2003

The purpose of this research explain the meaning of the environmental design principles and cultural landscape pattern(dualistic space organization) of the Hahoe(河回:winding river village) the Yangdong(良洞) traditional village. Village's space organizations based on Shamanism, fin-yang and Five elements principle, Feng-shui idea, social system and Confucian ideas. And it were accomplish curat landscape pattern(village:form+object=pattern) through the frame of settlement space. As a central persons of villages(the Hahoe $.$ the Yangdong) construction, Suhae(西厓) experienced tough Chunghyodang - Wonjichongsa - Ogyonchongsa - Pyongsansowon channel(忠孝堂 -遠志精舍 -玉端精含 -脣山書院) and Kyomam(謙 ) experienced tough Yangjindang - Binyeonchongsa - Kyomamchongsa - Hwachonsodang(養眞堂 - 賓淵精舍 - 謙庵f精舍 - 花川書堂) channel. Also Woojae(愚齋) experienced tough Suhbackdang - Khankachung - Dongkangsowon(書百堂 - 觀稼停 - 東江書院) and Hoejae(晦齋) experienced tough Moochumdang - Hyangdan - Oaksansowon(無添堂 - 香壇 - 玉山書院). It is space organization of themselves interact contrast and sequence principles with competition in good faith. And ecological art-space, that is, environmental spare organizations of traditional village has been reflected harmony between nature and artificiality, spatial rhythm and sequence, spatial hierarchy between upper classes and humble class, permeability space, asymmetrical balance, aesthetic space perception. The humble classes hold a ceremony Hahoe's Pyolsingut-Talnori(maskdance drama), Dangjae(堂祭:religious service) at the Dang(堂:shamanism spot) and Yangdong's Sohraesulnori, Hohminori. And the upper class hold a ceremony Hahoe's Julbulnori and Yangdong's Chungjanori connected with culture of confucianism. Specially, the cultural structure cf the village is evidence of a contrast between the upper class and the humble classes, time, method and location of ceremony(performance).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.108-121
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• 2000

This study seeks what kind of factors influence to locate dwellings and to establish scenic spots in nature by a case study focused on a meandering stream. The study specially concentrates on the interrelationship between both residences and beautiful sceneries and a meander cut-off-area that reveals a special topographical characteristics, located at Samji village in Youngyang-eup, Youngyang-gun, Koungsangbuk-do. The meander cut-off area, developed at the middle or upper reaches of a river, often makes up specific landscapes such as precipitous cliffs, sheer cliffs and caves. And the area where is specially created by sudden change of flow due to erosion ;perceived by the cut surface to be the most beautiful scenic spot. These beautiful landscapes were used to be called as Dae, Dam or Gul and managed by Confucian scholars who enjoy refined taste and devote themselves to the study in nature. Moreover, the Ku-Hado-literary means the area of ex-flow-made the scholars' lving with a well prepared basis for agriculture where supplied a cornucopia of organic matters and water. The merit of agriculture made it possible that the scholars became economically independent, and the fact might be the essential point why the meander cut-off area took noticed. Actually, Cho-family has been in Smaji Village for generations, producing a large number of scholars and keeping the actual power of the region. The physical shape of the meander cut-off area, cozily surrounded by mountains, is considered as a good place for the dwelling due to the influence of traditional sight of view for location and P'ungsuchiri which is known as Feng Shui in China and geomancy in the western world. It is a fruit in it own way that we could find the ancestors' discernment and wisdom from this study, who have lived their lives adapting themselves to the given natural environment and also utilizing the nature wisely. But this is a current-argued study on the meander cut-off area. Follow-up studies have to be continued about the landscapes of the meander streams and the meander cut-off areas scattered all over the country except Samji Village and draw the characteristics from the comparative analysis.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 2003

This study aims to interpret the location of 4 traditional settlements in the Youngnam district of Korea in view of geomorphology. For this study, GIS techniques were used to analyse quantitatively the degree of slope, slope aspect and the relation with river/stream of these regions. Yugok is located on pediment in the valley basin. Cheonjeon is located in the end part of the hill. Hahoe is located on the convex natural levee of the flood plain. Yangdong is located on a hillside. Houses are mostly distributed with south, southeast, and southwest aspect, but in Hahoe face all sides. Also, the settlements are located on average $10{\sim}20m$ above river bed. This indicates a safe height above river bed for avoiding an flood damage. These results imply that the location of the traditional settlement is based on a scientific logic and rationale. It is thus argued that the settlements satisfy exellent geomorphic conditions from the perspective of modern theories of residential location.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 2010

Hushoujing(狐首經) is Fengshui documents traditionally known to be written by Baihe(白鶴) of Han(漢) dynasty, which is hardly known in Korea. Baihe, the author, like Qingwuzi(靑烏子) has no evident personal background in history. There is a copy known to be written by Baihe of Han dynasty included in Dilitongyiquanshu(地理統一全書), which was published in 1628. The editor is known as Yuxiangtou(余象斗) from Fujiansheng(福建省) Jianyangxian(建陽縣) the same home town as Zhuxi(朱熹)'s. In contents and system, Hushoujing has the deep(profound) relationships between Qingwujing(靑烏經) and Zangshu(葬書), which attracts attention nowadays. Studying the relationships between Qingwujing, Zangshu and Hushoujing is the realm which requires systematic approach. Another reason for Hushoujing's attraction in Fengshui research lies in the contents related with Liqilun(理氣論). Mentioning Xingqilun(形氣論), Hushoujing also includes the explanation of Chinese compass needle, Deshui(得水) and Pokou(破口), and it is directly connected with the main theme of Liqilun. Hushoujing reveals a view point that both Xingqi(形氣) and Liqi(理氣) are important. Accordingly this means that we can understand Liqilun more clearly through studying Hushoujing. It is clearly recorded in the documents of Song(宋) dynasty that there was odd notes documents of Hushoujing as well as mentioning it. Therefore it is very likely that Hushoujing had been written before Song dynasty. Being contained in Huxianshengyinyangbeiyong(胡先生陰陽備用), Dilicanzanxuanjixianp oji(地理參贊玄機仙婆集), Dilitongyiquanshu, Lidaidilizhengyimishuershisizhong(歷代地理正義秘書二十四種), Xingjiaershizhong(形家二十種), 5 kinds of Hushoujing's copies are descended. The contents of Hushoujing are also introduced in documents of sejong period in The Annals of the Choson Dynasty. This means that Hushoujing is the geographical books prevailed representatively in early years of Choson Dynasty and studying Hushoujing is indispensible to studying Fengshui history or Chinese compass(羅盤) as well as deep understanding of Fengshui theory.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.4 s.28
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• pp.7-21
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• 2001

This study is to analyze site layout traditional government office building focused on Chonui-hyon(全義縣) in Chungchong province with Chungchong-do regional maps(忠淸道地方地圖) and Eupjis(邑誌, topography) being compiled in the late Chosun dynasty. The conclusion of analysis can be summarized as follows; 1. Chonui-hyon(全義縣) in Chosun dynasty is gone with a planning principle of the capital city(Han-Seong, 漢城) with disposing Sa-Ji-Dan(社稷壇) and Gaek-Sa(客舍), which are placed to the left and right of Eupchi(邑治), and it is followed in the wake of the spatial structure of Chosun dynasty palace with disposing Dong-Heon(東軒) in front, Nae-A(內衙) at the back of it, or from side to side, also by the Dong-Heon of the center, with organizing each facility around it. 2. Dong-Heon and Gaek-Sa of Chonui-hyon is passed through three step gate, Mun-Ru(門樓), Woi-Sammun(外三門), Nae-Sammun(內三門), from Hong-Salmon(紅門), and are shown hierarchy by haying been placed at the end of approach axis. 3. Dong-Heon can be disposed by Feng-Shui(風水) which have influence on the southeast direction with Jin-San(鎭山) and An-Dae(案對), on the other hand, Gaek-Sa can be disposed by symbolic of the authority of a king. 4. Site layout by function of provincial government office is provided into four ferrite, Dong-Heon, Gaek-Sa, Nae-A, practical business territory, and eve territory is organized by official institution on a social position to radiation, by the compositive axis to be made Woi-Sammun Nae-Sammun Dong-Heon Nae-A 5. Approach process of Chnui-hyon government office is three door system similar to Kam-Young(監營) in a different way two door system in most provincial government office, also approach axis is formed by bending.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.3 s.110
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• pp.65-77
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• 2005

Deokjin Park in Jeonju City was the site of a pond during the Koryo Period. Although Jeonju City has developed rapidly in modem times, Deokjin Pond was preserved and was developed into a park It can be theorized that Deokjin Pond's latent character has made it possible for it to adapt to the changes it has undergone throgh the years. In this study, the placeness of Deokjin Park is determined by examining its role in the adaptation process. Placeness can be determined by examining the objective character of a certain environment and the subjective experience related to it. For this paper, documents about the history of Deokjin Park were examined so that the facts related to it could be established. In addition, a number of Jeonju citizens were asked about their memories of Deokjin Park since memories reveal people's subjective experiences. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Deokjin Pond is an ideal space for Feng Shui. It is a holy place because the tomb of the founder of the Chosun Dynasty is close to it. In addition, it has scenic value as it is part of the Jeonju Palkyoung (eight sceneries). To this day, we can see people washing their hair in the pond, proof that Deokjin Pond is still the subject of folk beliefs. When Korea was under Japanese rule, Deokjin Pond became Deokjin Park because of its ideal location, scenic value, and grand possibilities as an amusement center. Over the years, though its scenic value decreased after the death of its pine trees. Jeonju City, however, was able to revive the park's charm though a series of renovation projects and through the addition of several facilities. Deokjin Park is now surrounded by many cultural buildings. The significance of Deokjin Park can be expected to evolve with these changes. This study helps to predict the future of Deokjin Park and to elucidate the importance of landscape architecture from the point of view of an "evolving place."