• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.2483-2486
• /
• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of tobacco smoking, toombak dipping and alcohol consumption as risk factors for cancer in the adult population of the northern state of Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey from March to April 2010, covering 963 adults, was performed. Result: Only 207 had responded, and the male female prevalence was 20.8% and 0.73%. Out of 207 respondents, 29.5% had smoked tobacco in their lifetime, 38% were toombak dippers, while 14% were consumers of alcoholic beverages. Conclusions: The prevalence of toombak dipping was higher than tobacco smoking among the adult population in the northern state of Sudan. Female participation in tobacco and alcohol related studies was found to suffer from major obstacles since these habits are considered as social stigma. Appreciation of the full impact of smoking on population health will definitely make a major contribution to improvement of the poor public health situation in Sudan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2001

Objectives: We surveyed the prevalence of smoking among the adolescent population and analysed the correlation of the two exposure biomarkers-concentration of blood cadmium and urinary cotinine-to the smoking status. Methods: Subjects were 193 middle and high school students in Chungnam province. Blood cadmium and urinary cotinine were compared by sex and smoking status. Smoking status were classified by either the concentration of urinary cotinine or subjective answering as a smoker in the questionnaire. Results: Smoking prevalence was 24.6%, 36.2% and 6.7% among all subjects, male and female subjects, respectively. Average smoking amount was 17.5 and 1.5 cigarettes per month among the male subjects and female subjects, respectively. Mean concentration of urinary cotinine among the male subjects was $135.57{\mu}g/{\ell}$, and that of female subjects was $116.59{\mu}g/$. Direct smokers showed higher concentration of urinary cotinine than those of indirect smokers, and subjects with higher urinary concentration showed higher prevalence of smoking, too. Mean concentration of blood cadmium was $0.0572{\mu}g/d{\ell}$ among the male subjects, and $0.0693{\mu}g/d{\ell}$ among the female subjects. Among the male subjects, both exposure biomarkers showed significant correlation to the smoking status, but among the female subjects urinary cotinine did not show significant correlation to the smoking status. Conclusion: Concentrations of these two biomarkers suggested that this population had significantly high evironmental tobacco smoking(ETS) and efficient stop-smoking programs to reduce ETS should be directed to this population.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.268-273
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Findings from behavioral genetics which demonstrate the high heritability of personality traits have stimulated the search for the specific genes underlying personality. A large number of association studies have investigated a correlation between serotonin transporter-linked promoter region(5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and personality traits but the results have been inconsistent. So, the aim of this study is to investigate in a large sample with homogenous background about ethnicity, gender, occupation, and age. Methods : The participants included 247 healthy Korean female adults(mean age=23.12, SD=3.22)with no history of psychiatric disorders and other physical illnesses. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and genotyping was performed by PCR. Personality assessment was done with the Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI). Results : Genotype Frequencies are l/l 3.6%, l/s 32.8% and s/s 63.6%(l allele:20%, s allele:80%). This low frequency of the l allele and l/l genotype was different from Caucasian results. No significant association was observed between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and personality traits in a Korean female population. Conclusions : This study investigated the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and personality traits in Korean female subjects, a large sample with homogeneous background about ethnicity, gender, occupation, and age. No significant association was observed between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and personality traits in a Korean female population.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.59-77
• /
• 2003

This study conducts empirical research on gender differentials of economic resources in old age. The economic resources are assessed by the presence of independent income source and the amount of total income. The study, based on nation-wide survey of the elderly, examines the effects of individual level variables and household level ones. Also, it compares such effects between male and female elderly. The analysis shows that several variables have gender specific effects. Among them, particularly interesting and important are marital status and coresidence with children. The positive effect of having spouse is greater among female elderly than among male elderly. Also, while coresidence with children among male elderly has insignificant or slightly positive relation to their own economic resources, it has a negative relation among female elderly. These results indicate that female elderly are dependent on their husbands and children. The study suggests that future research on the elderly incorporate gender differentials into models attempting to capture diversity within the elderly population.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.177-180
• /
• 2017

Diploscapter coronatus (Cobb, 1893) Cobb, 1913 was first reported on oriental melon (Cucumis melo vars. makuwa Makino) roots from plastic film houses, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong, Korea (latitude $N36^{\circ}33^{\prime}$. longitude $E128^{\circ}29^{\prime}$). Diploscapter coronatus is most similar to D. pachys. Species in the genus Diploscapter have a visibly annulated cuticle. The stoma of D. coronatus is 1.5 times longer than the lip region width. The pharyngeal corpus is clearly separated from the isthmus and the vulva is situated around the mid-body. However, it differed by higher ratio of "a", filiform tail and had relatively blunt labial hooks. The Korean population is well matched and within the range of D. coronatus as described from Iran and Ethiopia in de Man's of L, b, c, c', and V. Female length, however, varied between populations: the Ethiopia population female length is longer than in the Korea population (396.4 vs 427.0) while females in the Iran population are smaller than in the Korea population (396.4 vs 350.0). Nematode size may vary due to environmental conditions such as food sources. The position of excretory pores in the Korean population were shorter 53.9-72.5 than in other populations (67-82 and 70-89). Males were uncommon. Males in the Korean population are smaller than females but larger(356.0) than males in the Indian population (306.0).

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.241-256
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Certain places in Seoul such as Shinchon, Hongdae, and Gangnam, often suffer from sudden overflow of mobile population which can cause serious safety problems. This study suggests the application of spatial CUSUM control chart in monitoring areal population mobility data which is recently provided by Seoul metropolitan government. Methods: Monitoring series of standardized local Moran's I enables one to detect spatio-temporal out-of-control status based on the accumulation of past patterns. Moreover, we visualize such pattern map for more intuitive comprehension of the phenomenon. As a case study, we have analyzed the female mobility population aged 25 to 29 appeared in 51 Jipgyegu near Hongik university on fridays from January, 2017 to June, 2018. They are validated by exploring related articles and through local due diligence. Results: The results of the analysis provide insights in figuring out if the change of the mobility population is short-term by particular incident or long-term by spatial alteration, which allows strategic approach in constructing response system. Specific case near popular downtown near Hongik University has shown that newly opened hotels, shops of global sports brand and franchise bookstores have attracted young female population. Conclusion: We expect that the results of our study contribute to planning effective distribution of administrative resources to prepare against drastic increase in floating population. Furthermore, it can be useful in commercial area analysis and age/gender specific marketing strategy for companies.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.328-333
• /
• 1995

Susceptibilies of tow-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) collected at 6 locations were assessed to 15 acaricides. The response to acaricides were almost similar in female adults and eggs. There were considerable difference in susceptibility depending on the acaricide treated and the region from which the population was collected. The population showing resistance ratio of more than 20 with respect to certain acaricide was regarded as a resistant population to the acaricide. The resistant populations in terms of female adult were as follows: Suwon population to azocyclotin, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin-oxide; Taejon population to dicofol and fenbutatin-oxide; Chongju population to dicofoll Chinju populatin to cyhexatin, dicofol, and fenbutatin-oxide. The resistant populations in terms of egg were as follows; Suwon population to bifenthrin, clofentezine, hexythiazox, and tetradifon; Kunwi, Chongju, and Kwangju populations to bifenthrin; Taejon population to amitraz and bifenthrin; Taejon populatin to amitraz and bifenthrin; Chinju population to amitraz, bifenthrin, clofentezine, dicofol, and tetradifon. However, the female adults and eggs of all field populations were susceptible to abamectin, chlorfenson, and fenpyroximate. This tendency was also reported previously in the susceptible strain from laboratory.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.36 no.1 s.67
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2005

Since 1980's, fishery household population have been continuously in a down slope with a 5$\%$ annual decreasing rate in Korea. With a particular situation that the scale of over 60s population has been soaring compared with that of under 16 aged population plunging, some difficulties have been raised with the respect of labor supply into fishery communities. This study is aimed at analyzing the tendency of fisheries population with the change of economic development rates and prospect a future fisheries population with the consideration of present decreasing rate. Model results indicate that the tendency of future fishery household population would be decreased by 4.96$\%$ annually through a decade from 2000. Interestingly, it is predicted that the decreasing rate of male fishery household population would be faster than that of female. Consequently, women would hold a greater part in Fishery household population in 2010. In addition, the fishery household population of 40s and 50s would increase from 36$\%$ to 49$\%$, that of over 60s from 21$\%$ to 37$\%$. In conclusion, as a population over 40's encompass almost 90$\%$ in the total population, the fishing communities have a difficulty in shortage of the young workforce.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1992

To evaluate Helhimo's Anamnestic Dysfunction Index(AI), Helkimo's Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), and Friction's Craniomandibular Index(CMI) in Korean Young population, clinical examinations were performed in 207 dental college students who were healthy and had no evidence of the craniomandibular disorders. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The mean values of the Helkimo's Anamnestic Index(AI), Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), Fricton's Palpation Index(PI), Dysfunction Index(DI), and Craniomandibular Index(CMI) were 0.35, 0.71, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.04 in male subjects. 2. The mean values of the Helkimo's Anamnestic Index(AI), Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), Fricton's Palpation Index(PT), Dysfunction Index(DI), and Fricton's Craniomandibular Index(CMI) were 0.42, 0.72, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.03 in female subjects. 3. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female subjects in each parameter. 4. The palpation index(PI) observed in Korean Young Population was lower than that in American population.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.3-25
• /
• 1990

Life table of Korean population for years 1983 1985 1987 and 1989 were constructed byt the National Bureau of Statics. The ago specific death rates were calculated froom the death registral ion for numerators and the estimated population by age and sex for denominators. In the course of constructing life tables, we have maole some adjustments for deficiencies in regist rat ion olata as follows. First, the non-registered portion oof infant deaths especially for neo-natal deaths was estirnateol and added too the original data. The main reason is that deaths occorring in the neo-natal period and prior to the registrat ion of birth leave little incentive for the registration of either the birth or the death. Second. t he do~hayed p(ortioon of deaths registering after one year of occurrence was estimated and added too the original data. Third t the ptortioon haying in, occuracies in ,~oge reporting was also estimated. Fourth the moving average methood was finally employed in an effort too remove the random error. The major fin(hings are as foolloows. 1. the average life expectancy at birth in 1989 is calculateol as 70.8 years in 1989, 2. a gap netween the male and female life expectancies is widened to more than 8 years toorm 1.8 years in 1906 10. It means that the female life expectancy has increased substantially, 3. the death rates of the middle - aged men starting age 40 are found to he relatively higher than those of females and younger age groups. This peculiar pattern was also found with the comparison of those of other countries.