• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.387-397
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• 1993

To examine local response of adenosie(purine nucleoside) on the developing mammary gland, Elvax 40P implants containing adenosine were surgically implanted into mammary fat pad of the five week old female ICR mice. Inguinal(the 4th) mammary glands of anesthetized mice were exposed andplaced the implants for 12 days. One gland was treated with an adenosine implant, while the contralateral gland received a blank implant as control. For whole-mount preparations, glands were stained with alum carmine, and for histological observation, micro-selected mammary glands were stained with hematoxylin and eosin Y. Implantation with Elvax 40P did not affect on the damage of neighboring mammary tissue. Adenosie 25 or 250$\mu\textrm{g}$ per slow-release implant stimulated local mammary end bud formation of ovariectomized mice such as end bud size and numbers of end bud per gland in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05), and lower concentration of adenosie(2.5 or 25$\mu\textrm{g}$/implant) increased numbers of end bud(P<0.05) and end bud size(P<0.1) of intact mice. Adenosine treatment and intact ovarian function had moderate interation effects on the stimulation of end bud formation at 2.5$\mu\textrm{g}$ adenosine/implant(P<0.1). In histological observation, adenosine implants increased numbers of mammary epithelial type of cells at mammary duct in the presence or absece ofovary. These results indicate that adenosine should be one of regulators in mouse mammary ductal growth.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

This study was carriet out to evaluate the acute intravenous toxicity and antigenicity of Guamerin, newly developed by Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute (MBRI). In acute intravenous toxicity test, ICR mice were administered intravenously with single dose of 1,000mg/kg, and body weights and clinical signs were observed for 14 days. No dead animal, clinical signs, body weight change and abnormal autopsy findings were found in control and Gumerin treated group. Therefore, the 50% lethoal dose (LD50) of Guamerin for ICR mice was more than 1,000mg/kg on intravenous route for male and female. And the antigenic potential of Guamerin was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) tests. In the ASA test, low and high doses (10 and 100ug/animal, respectiwely) of Guamerin were administed subcutaneously to guinea pigs for 9 times 3 weeks. All experimental groups showed negative responses whereas the positive control group given ovalbumin plus Freunds complete adjuvant (FCA) showed severe anaphylactic responses. PCA test using rats with mice anti-serum against Guamerin, low and high doses(10 and 100 ug/animal, respectively) of Guamerin were administered to mice for 9 times in 3 weeks. The anti-serum against Guamerin was administed intradermally at the back of rats, however, any positive responses were not detected in the experimental groups. These results strongly indicate that Guamerin does not induce IgE production and is not a PCA reaction inducer under these experimental conditions.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.401-409
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• 1998

Group of 40 male and 40 female ICR mice was given daily per oral treatment with the combination of enalapril plus Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), 3+9mg/kg/day(low dosage group), 10+30mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 30+90mg/kg/day (high dosage group) for 3 months in drinking water according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4.14). Appearance, behavior, mortality, and food consumption of mouse of treated groups were not affected during the experimental periods. No significant the combination of enalapril plus Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)-related changes were found in urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weight, Lung edema were observed and the weight of lung were increased in low dosage treated group of the male mice, which be associated with enalapril treatment, but these changes were not found in middle and high dosage group. Our results suggest that to toxic changes were found in rat treated orally with the combination of enalapril plus Ginko biloba extract (EGb 761) for 3 months.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter. After female ICR mice were treated Mancozeb orally at the doses of 250, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg/day for consecutive 30 day, we investigated the effects of Mancozeb on the immunopathological parameters (body-, thymus-, spleen-, liver- and kidny-weight, splenic cellularity, hematological parameters) and mitogen (Con A, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP). Liver- and kidney- weight were increased, but body- and thymus-weight, number of splenocytes and WBC were decreased, when compared with control group. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to Mancozeb for 30 days were cultured in presence of mitogens, the SP against Con A was significantly and dose-dependently decreased and the SP against LPS was also slightly decreased. Our present results indicate that subacute exposure of Mancozeb to mice might show immunotoxic effect.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2006

This study aimed to determine whether troglitazone stimulates genes related to fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, leading to modulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism in high fat diet-fed mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=10/group). After they received either a high fat diet or the same high fat diet supplemented with troglitazone for 4 weeks, the effects of troglitazone on gene expression and physiology of WAT were measured using Northern, histological and serological analyses. Administration of troglitazone induced the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation in mesenteric WAT. Troglitazone also significantly increased uncoupling protein 2 mRNA levels. The changes in WAT gene expression were accompanied by reductions in circulating levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides as well as glucose and insulin. Histological studies showed that troglitazone treatment decreased the average size of adipocytes in mesenteric WAT. These results suggest that troglitazone-stimulated WAT expression of genes associated with fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation regulates WAT metabolism of high fat diet-fed mice, contributing to improvement of insulin sensitivity.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1997

Seasonal variation of the population structure and the reproductive pattern of the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, were investigated. High capture ratios in juveniles, young adult, and old adult mice were found during the period from October to November, from November to March, and from May to September, respectively, and extremely low capture ratios of old adults during the period from November to February were characteristic. It seemed that the young adults that survived during the winter might become older by summer and have been counted as the old adults. The breeding in the mice began earlier in males (from mid February or early March to late October) than in females (from mid March to late October), having a peak in August and September, and both the male and female mice weighing more than 20 g generally reached sexual maturation in general. In the breeding season, both young and old adult males had large testes with enlarged seminiferous tubules filled with numerous germ and Sertoli cells, and expanded caudal epididymides with a vast number of spermatozoa; the females had many Graafian follicles and corpora lutea in large ovaries, and developed uterine glands in the thick endometria. The lower ratios of the testis weight to the body weight in July and August in 1994 compared to 1995 seemed due to the extreme drought and considerably higher temperature in 1994, but the decrease in the ratio in mid-summer, only in the old mice, in both years might be explained partially by aging.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2000

The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with suppelmental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25.Added calcium depressed(p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater(p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the avail-ability energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.12.1-12.9
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• 2021

The mosquito-borne pathogen Zika virus may result in neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. The virus is classified as a member of the Flaviviridae family and its wide spread in multiple continents is a significant threat to public health. So, there is a need to develop animal models to examine the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop vaccines. To examine the clinical profile during Zika virus infection, we infected neonatal and adult wild-type mice (C57BL/6 and Balb/c) and compared the clinical signs of African-lineage strain (MR766) and Asian-lineage strain (PRVABC59, MEX2-81) of Zika virus. Consistent with previous reports, eight-week-old female Balb/c mice infected with these viral strains showed no changes in body weight, survival rate, and neurologic signs, but demonstrated increases in the weights of spleens and hearts. However, one-day-old neonates showed significantly lower survival rate and body weight with the African-lineage strain than the Asian-lineage strain. These results confirmed the pathogenic differences between Zika virus strains. We also evaluated the clinical responses in neonatal and adult mice of different strains. Our findings suggest that these are useful mouse models for characterization of Zika virus for vaccine development.

• 대한융합한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of the Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EK) on menopausal obesity in mice. Methods: To induce the menopausal obesity, female C57BL/6J mice were ovariectomized and fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks. 17β-estradiol was injected as a positive control and the extract of EK was orally administered 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Body weight, uterine weight and visceral fat weight were measured. The size of the adipocyte in visceral fat tissues was estimated by Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Fasting glucose level was estimated in serum. Results: Body weight and visceral fat weight were significantly decreased by EK treatment, while the uterine weight/body weight was increased in high fat diet-fed ovariectomized mice. The diameter of adipocyte in the visceral fat tissues was markedly reduced in EK-treated menopausal obese mice. In addition, the fasting blood glucose level was inhibited by oral EK administration. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results showed that EK has ameliorative effects on overweight after menopause. EK could be one of the alternative therapy for treating menopausal obesity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1212-1218
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• 2008

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)와 $\gamma$-oryzanol (OZ) 혼합물의 mouse 체지방 및 복부지방 감소에 관한 연구를 하였다. Female ICR mice (10주 령)을 몸무게 차이가 없도록 Control (70 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 30 ${\mu}l$ CLA), CLA-OZ 1 (70 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 30 ${\mu}l$ CLA + 0.5 mg OZ), CLA-OZ 2 (70 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 30 ${\mu}l$ CLA + 1.0 mg OZ), OZ (100 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 1.0 mg OZ) 및 Olive oil (100 ${\mu}l$ olive oil)로 구분하였다. 처리시료는 매일 4주간 경구투여 하였고 식이와 물은 자유롭게 먹게 하였다. 시료처리 4주 후에 mice의 몸무게를 달고 탈골법으로 sacrifice하여 전체몸무게, 복부지방 무게, 장기와 복부지방을 제거한 나머지 부분 무게 (empty carcass weight: ECW)를 측정하였다. CLA (control) 처리는 olive oil 처리에 비해 유의성 있게 몸무게, ECW, 복부지방 및 체지방을 감소시켜 CLA가 복부지방 및 체지방을 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다. CLA-OZ 1 처리는 OZ 처리에 비해서는 복부지방 및 체지방을 유의성 (p<0.05) 있게 감소시켰으나 CLA (control) 처리에 비해서는 유의성이 없었다. 또한 CLA-OZ 2 처리는 control 처리 및 OZ 처리에 비해 복부지방 및 체지방을 유의성 (p<0.05) 있게 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 CLA와 OZ를 혼합하여 처리한 mice에서 이들을 각각 단독으로 처리한 mice에서보다 복부지방 및 체지방이 많이 감소되어 OZ가 CLA의 지방감소 작용에 상승효과가 있음을 의미한다.