• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2021

Reproductive cycle of the blue-striped angelfish, Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis were histologically investigated. Fish were monthly collected in the coastal waters of Munseom, Seogwipo, Jeju-Island from February to December 2018. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from May and maintained high values in August. The reproductive cycle of female fish can be classified by the characteristics observed during gonadal development as followed: growing stage (November to June), early mature stage (May to June), mature and spawning stage (June to September), and degenerative and recovery stage (September to December). In the male, testicular development period was similar to that of ovarian development period, but mature and spawning period was one month longer from June to October. Fecundity of mature female ranged from 4,601 to 22,840 and was correlated positively with total length and body weight. The histological analysis of gonadal development indicated that the C. septentrionalis was summer-spawning type and is considered a multiple spawner during spawning season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-47
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the high school teachers' sexual knowledge, attitude and their need of sex education for the students in Seoul. These data were collected by questionnaire in Oct. 1989. The result was compared by the type of teacher (school health nurse and high school teacher), involving in sex education or not, age, marital status and religion. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of sexual knowledge of the school health nurses was higher than the high school teachers. (P<0.05) (the average correct answer rate:the school health nurses=80.85%, the high school teachers=62.65%)Female teachers who were involved in sex education got higher score than the male high school teachers and female teachers who were not. (P<0.05) The married female high school teachers got higher score than never-married. (p<0.05) 2. About the sexual attitudes, the respondents were asked in the Likert's four-point scale with 3 groups of questions that were anatomical and physiological terminology about sex, normal sexual life and immoral sexual life. About anatomical and physiological terminology about sex, they had a little positive feeling. (mean score= 2.62) The school health nurses and the male high school teachers had more positive feeling than the female. (P< 0.05) Also the aged and married male high school teachers had more positive feeling than others. (P<0.05) About normal sexual life, they had a little positive feeling and moderately permissive attitude. (feeling mean score=2.96, attitude mean score=3.23) The school health nurses and the male high school teachers had more positive feeling than the female. (P<0.05) And the male high school teachers had more permissive attitude than the female. (P<0.05) About immoral sexual life, they had strongly negative feeling and conservative attitude. (feeling mean score =3.49, attitude mean score=3.35) The school health nurses the female high school teachers had more negative feeling and conservative attitude than the male. (P<0.05) And the male protestant high school teachers had more conservative attitude than no-religion group. (P<0.05) 3. There was a weak correlation between sexual knowledge and attitude. 4. There was no significant difference about starting of sex education between the school health nurses and the high school teachers. (P>0.05) Generally, they answered that the starting of sex education about physical growth and development could bp given with the students' physical growth and development. But for the sex education about emotional and social development, they answered that the education should be given later than the emotional and social development of students. 62.1% of the school health nurses did sex education and 36.5% of the high school teachers did. The common contents of sex education were intersexual-fellowship(date), venereal disease and marriage. And the education about abnormal sex-behavior. divorce and sexual intercourse was given rarely.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2017

An experiment was conducted to investigate the annual reproductive cycle of a Korean endemic species, Acheilognathus majusculus, from Jeokseong-myeon located in Seomjin River. The reproductive cycle is examined histologically regarding water temperature and day length of the habitat, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), the female ovipositor length index (OLI), monthly variation in egg diameter distribution, and developmental characteristics of female and male gonads. The maximum GSI was found in $19.21{\pm}2.32$ and $6.90{\pm}0.53$ for female and male respectively when water temperature ($14^{\circ}C$) and day length (11.1hr) began to rise. On the other hand, the minimum level was reached during August ($1.87{\pm}0.67$ for female and $0.88{\pm}0.50$ for male). No samples represent with measurable ovipositor between September and November, while the longest ovipositor length index was in April ($79.68{\pm}4.69%$). We compared and calculated the stages of testis and ovary development process in order to determine the germ cell development characteristics and the reproductive cycle. According to the result, we classified the female Acheilognathus majusculus reproductive cycle into four stages: Ripe (April) and spawning phase (May to June), degenerative phase (July), growing phase (August to December), and mature phase (January to March). The annual reproductive cycle of male Acheilognathus majusculus was categorized into five stages viz. Ripe and spawning phase (May to June), degenerative phase (July to August), resting phase (September to November), growing phase (December to February), and mature phase (March to April).

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2012

This paper used data which consisted of 109 female managers who married and 109 female managers who gave birth over a 2-year period (2008-2010) by 'KWMP: Korean Women Manager Panel' from Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI). The results of this empirical study exhibit that 1) female managers' marriages and childbirth did not have significant effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and plans to leave. 2) Female managers' marriages also did not have significant effects on life satisfaction, however, their childbirth did (t=2.49, df=108, p<.014). We used to believe that female managers' marriages and childbirth could disturb their work. However, this study disproved the previous stereotype that female managers' marriages and childbirth would have negative effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and plans to leave. The results of this study will provide useful information to human resource departments or female rights and interests organizations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2015

This study aims at analyzing determinants of non-farming income activities of female farmers, and presenting how to support their participation in non-farming activities. The result of logistic regressive analysis whose subjects are female farmers in the Chungnam area indicates that human and economic capital variables that can predict non-farming income activity participation statistically significantly are persons at the age of 40s to 50s and female farmers who returned to the rural areas. Farming characteristic variables are households that receive subsidiary and participate in two different types of farming whose main farming is rice. The female farmers who spend longer hours doing household chores participate in non-farming income activities more actively. In terms of policy and on-site response variables, the interest in farming and farming businesses shows positive relation, and that of farming and community organization participation presents negative relation. These analysis results indicate that the local government must present the policy that can select non-farming income activity participation groups strategically. This study suggest that it is necessary to expand community centered-non-farming income activities, and to expand or make laws to support female farmer's participation in non-farming activities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-43
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• 1977

In pulmonary function which is important place which national physical power, in maximal grade of physical power, and end growth and development whom aged 20 years old that whole members 74 students, and taken pulmonary functions examination records, and took as the following results. 1) Frequency of breathing: Pertaining of the frequency of breathing are about form 15, to 16 times per minute at male and female students. 2) Vital capacity: Measures of vital capacity are in case of male students, whom was about 4.3 liter, and female students was about 3.6, liter which different between male and female students was more low quantity at female students with comparison male students. 3) Tidal volume: Pertaining of the volume are in case of male students, whom was 521ml, and female students was 497m1, and was slightly low quantity at female students with comparison male students, 4) Breathing holding time: Breathing holding time are in case of male students, whom was 64 sec, and female students was 55 sec, and was sbout 10 sec more high quantity at male students than female students.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.144-148
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• 2018

Objectives: Previous studies have reported that internet addiction (IA) is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently. However, in terms of gender, there are controversial findings. We aimed to investigate the relation between IA and self-acknowledged ADHD traits among female college students in Japan. Methods: The study questionnaire consisted of questions about demographics, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 Part A (ADHD screener) and Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT). When four or more items are more frequent than the cut-off on ADHD screener, the subject was categorized into students with a positive ADHD screen. We defined students with total IAT score of 70 and higher as IA. Results: A total number of respondents was 369 (mean age: $19.0{\pm}0.7years$). Seventy-seven subjects were screened positive on ADHD screener (20.9%). Students with a positive ADHD screen scored significantly higher on the IAT ($54.2{\pm}14.2$ vs. $42.5{\pm}11.3$). The rates of IA in students with and without a positive ADHD screen were 18.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated the relation between IA and self-evaluated ADHD traits among female college students in Japan. Appropriate education for students on how to use the internet properly will be necessary to prevent IA.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9499-9503
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• 2014

This study aimed to examine the relationship between body image satisfaction and breast self-screening behaviors and intentions. The sample for this cross-sectional study consisted of 842 female university students who were recruited from a number of public and private universities. Data were obtained between the months of November and December, 2013, using multistage random cluster sampling. Main research variables were breast cancer screening behavior and intentions, demographic factors, and the total scores on each of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-Appearance Scales) subscales. Results of multivariate analysis showed that having higher satisfaction and more positive evaluation of appearance were related to having performed breast self-examination more frequently in the last year and intending to perform breast self-examination more frequently in the next year. Longitudinal research can potentially provide detailed information about overall body image satisfaction and breast cancer screening behavior among various communities.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.155-182
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• 1997

Objectives : This study was designed to compare North Korea and South Korea in measures of the quality of life (physical quality of life index and human development index) and to investigate the impact of selected medical and socioeconomic factors on PQL variables. Data and Methods : The World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and Population Reference Bureau were the principal sources of statistical data of 121 countries. Variables included infant mortality, life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, secondary school enrollment (male and female), GNP per capita, population per doctor, daily calorie supply per capita, and a composite PQL index. The Ordinary Least Square model was employed for cross-countries analysis. Findings : Both countries under quite different political and economic systems saw big improvememts in the quality of life, reducing mortality and prolonging life expectancy during the past three decades. In recent decad, however, North Korea has experienced abrupt exacerbation in the quality of life. Significant improvements in infant mortality of the population wer attributable mainly to GNP per capita and the secondary school enrollemt of female. The principal predictors of life expectancy at birth were population per doctor, infant mortality, and literacy rate. The secondary school enrollment of female and population per doctor were significantly associated with improvements in the physical quality of life index (PQLI). Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed a point illustrated by other studies : The association between quality of life as a measure of health status and socioeconomic factors was strong and positive. The important contribution of educational attainment in general, female education level in particular to improvements in the quality of life deserves good news for building an integrated health care system in the reunified Korea, taking into account the high level of education two koreas are enjoying. Meanwhile, when a sharp drop in the quality of life has been observed in North Korea under serious economic difficulties and food shortage in recent decade, the significant contribution of economic development to improvements in the quality of life poses bad nows for reunifying Korean health care in economic terms.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.2 s.141
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• pp.181-185
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• 1981

In this study an attempt has been made to throw some light on the problem of the mandibular third molar on measurement made from 302 orthopantomograms of patients at the age of 8 to 20 years. The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the present study. 1. The amount of growth from the lower first molar to the anterior border of the ramus from 8 years to 14 years was 7.9mm in the male and 7.5mm in the female. The growth from 15years 20 years was 4.5mm in the male and 2.6mm in the female. 2. The growth from the lower first molar to the posterior border of the ramus from 8 years to 14 years was 10mm in the male and 9.8mm in the female. The growth occurred after that was 5.8mm in the male and 2.0mm in the female. 3. The difference between A and C measurements for the various age groups remained fairly constant in the male and female.