• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2004

This paper delineated the ecology including movement (departure from the rookery and returning to the rookery), egg-laying, and hatch of the penguins occurred in the cold years and a less cold year in the vicinity of King Sejong Station, King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula. The years of 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1995 were selected as cold years and the year of 2001 was selected as a less cold year based on the mean annual temperature of the years. Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) left their rookery in May, meanwhile some remained around the station. They returned in middle-September in the less cold .year, and returned in late-September to early-October in the cold years. Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) left their rookery in early-April in the cold years as well as in the less cold year without exception. They returned to the rookery in late-October to early-November in cold years, meanwhile in early-October in the less cold year. This difference in the returning of this bird seems to be related with the exposed sea water, i.e., sea ice condition to feed in the sea. The global warming will lead to the appearance of birds which breed in the Sub-Antarctic. For example, one pair of King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) was observed in the Maxwell Bay in austral summer. And a pair of snide-like bird was recently observed for the first time in November 2001 at the penguin rookery located in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island. And it will also lead to the disappearance of an Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) which appeared in the full winter when Maxwell Bay and Marian Cove were frozen. It seems that the behaviour of the penguins observed around the station shows the complex effects of the ecology of the birds in combination with the natural environments, which include feeding strategy and areas, animal Instincts, exposed terrain related to weather conditions, and globa1 warming. It is necessary to take further observation and carry out systematic researches on the birds including penguins around the station which show the ecology of the birds as well as the environmental changes.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권1호통권115호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2006

Most South Korean lakes are middle/small size artificial reservoirs, which are almost agricultural reservoirs (17,956). A total of 67 species (21 families) were recorded and collected from 65 agricultural reservoirs though field samplings and literature surveys. Dominant species was Pseudorasbora parva (relative abundance 24.5%), and Carassius auratur (41 sites) was the highest frequency. Feeding group of fish communities in the reservoirs was as follows: carnivorous (16.2%), omnivorous (79.5%) and herbivorous fish (4.3%). The number of individuals (P=0.024), species number (P=0.047) and carnivores number (P=0.024) were significantly correlated with reservoir ages. Reservoirs were classified into 3 groups according to feeding patterns of carnivore, omnivore and herbivore groups. The omnivores were dominant group in agricultural reservoirs. Detailed studies on fish community will be a base for the understanding of food web structure and biomanipulation in reservoir systems.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2007

The feeding habits of Sebastes schlegeli collected from the Tongyeong marine ranching area throughout 2002 were studied. S. schlegeli is a carnivore (piscivore), and consumed mainly fish. Its diet also included a small amount of caridean shrimps, crabs, amphipods, polychaetes, and isopods. The diet of S. schlegeli underwent size-related changes. Small individuals (standard length (SL)<6 cm) fed mainly on fishes, caridean shrimps, and amphipods, and the proportion of fish increased with SL. Large individuals (SL>20 cm) ate fish predominately. The diet of S. schlegeli changes seasonally, and caridean shrimps were consumed mainly from May to July. The dietary breadth index of S. schlegeli varied with SL and season.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2019

서식처 유형에 따른 배스의 식성을 비교하기 위해 하천과 저수지에서 2016년 4월부터 9월까지 306개체의 배스를 채집한 후 먹이생물을 분석하였다. 그 결과 하천과 저수지에 서식하는 배스의 가장 중요한 먹이생물은 어류로 확인되었다. 그러나 저수지에 서식하는 배스의 소화관 내용물에는 어류뿐 아니라 갑각류와 곤충류의 비율도 높게 나타나 하천에 서식하는 배스와 섭식 차이를 보였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2020

Background: Korean wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus Heude), because of their adaptability, are a widespread large mammal; however, they sometimes cause problems by invading farms and eating the crops, creating insufficiencies of some foods in South Korea. To understand the diet composition of Korean wild boars according to sex and body size, we collected their feces from Mt. Jeombongsan, Seoraksan National Park, South Korea. The sizes of fecal samples were measured, and genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. We amplified specific loci targeting plants (rbcL and trnL) and animals (COI) to detect the food sources of this omnivore and amplified the ZF and SRY regions to determine the sex. Results: In the wild boar feces, Rosaceae and Bryophyte were the most frequently detected plant food sources at the family level and Diptera and Haplotaxida were the most frequently detected animal food sources at the order level. As a result of sex determination, the sex ratio of wild boars collected in the Mt. Jeombongsan area was approximately 1:1. Our result suggested that there is no significant difference between the diet composition of male and female boars. Based on the average cross-sectional area of the feces, the top 25% were classified into the large body size group and the bottom 25% were classified into the small body size group. The large body size group mainly preferred Actinidiaceae, and the small body size group most frequently consumed Fagaceae. The diet of the large body size group was more diverse than the small body size group. Conclusions: Our results showed that the wild boars preferred Rosaceae, especially Sanguisorba and Filipendula, as plant food sources, and Diptera and Coleoptera of Insecta as animal food sources. Based on the results, the dietary preferences of wild boar appear to be distinguished by not their sex but their body size. Our study could help to elucidate the feeding ecology and population structure of wild boar, as well as address conservation and management issues.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2011

The tidal flats of Korea today have reduced by 40% in size compared to 1964. To manage this important habitat properly, development of well-organized and nationwide-applicable grading systems is required. There have been several assessment systems proposed previously in Korea, but they are critically flawed in that selected biological indicators are not adequate and grading criteria are obscure and arbitrary. We reviewed the indicators used in these previous evaluation systems (e.g., diversity indices, quantity and quality of benthic macrofauna, halophytes, water birds, etc.) and subsequently proposed new indicators and an improved grading scheme. For the quantitative assessment of macrobenthic community, biomass reflecting production and ecosystem function is recommended over density, which is much less discriminatory among habitats. Of biodiversity indices used, within-, between-habitat and regional biodiversity indices that accurately reflect sampling efforts are suggested. In addition, we proposed to include species rarity, ecosystem engineers, and the ecological quality index ISEP (Inverse function of Shannon-Wiener Evenness Proportion). As for halophytes, their low spatial coverage on benthic habitat suggests that their presence can be used as an ecological indicator of benthic habitat, regardless of their protective status. We stress the need to introduce 1) quantile approach for quantitative indicators (e.g., diversity, biomass, etc.) in relation to grading, 2) presence-absence approach for spatial or aggregate indicators (e.g., boundaries of halophytes and feeding ground of water birds) and 3) benthic habitat mapping that combines all of these indicators.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 1999

이 연구는 제주도 함덕연안에 분포하는 구멍연잎성게의 생태 및 번식생활사에 관한 연구보고서이다. 시료는 북제주군 함덕에서 SCUBA를 통하여 채집하였으며, 실험실로 옮긴 뒤, 크기 및 생식소에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 구멍연잎성게의 크기는 각장 80$\~$200mm 이었으며, 각장 140$\~$170mm 의 개체가 주를 이루었다 (N=129). 구멍연잎성게는 세립질 또는 미립질 ($125\~250\mu$m ($2\~3\phi$))의 사질에 주로 분포하였으며, 퇴적물내의 유기물을 섭취하는 퇴적물식자로 확인되었다. 성숙한 암컷의 생식소는 보라색을 띠며, 수컷은 짙은 노란색을 띤다. 암, 수 모두 11$\~$3월 사이 휴지기를 거쳐 6월경에 성숙하며, 주 방란 방정은 7$\~$10월 사이에 이루어진 것으로 추정된다. 암컷의 경우 성숙한 난은 그 직경이 평균 381$\mu$m이었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

한국고유종 동방종개 Iksookimia yongdokensis의 행동주기와 섭식생태를 밝히기 위해 2015년부터 2016년까지 경상북도 축산천과 곡강천에서 조사를 실시하였다. 동방종개는 수온이 $10^{\circ}C$ 이상 되는 3월부터 11월까지 돌과 자갈, 모래 바닥에서 나와 활동하였지만, $10^{\circ}C$ 이하가 되는 12월부터 이듬해 2월까지는 기질 속으로 파고 들어가 월동하였다. 하루 중에는 오전 9시부터 오후 15시까지 활발한 활동과 높은 섭식량을 보였다. 동방종개는 주로 돌 표면이나 돌 틈, 모래 표층에서 여과섭식을 하였다. 소화관 내용물을 상대중요성지수(IRI)로 분석한 결과, 깔다구과(Chironomidae, 54.7%)와 새각목(Branchiopoda, 10.1%), 윤충강(Rotatoria, 8.7%), 꽃병벌레과 (Arcellidae, 8.6%), 녹조강 (Chlorophyceae, 6.5%), 규조강(Bacillariophyceae, 5.1%) 등의 순서로 높게 나타났다. 당년생 치어는 먹이 크기가 작은 윤충강과 새각목, 꽃병벌레과 등을 많이 섭식하였으나 성장하면서 먹이 크기가 큰 깔다구과와 하루살이목(Ephemeroptera)을 주로 섭식하여 먹이전환을 보였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2015

북방종개 Iksookimia pacifica의 생태적 특성을 밝히기 위하여 강원도 고성군 북천에서 서식지 특성 및 섭식생태를 조사하였다. 북방종개는 하천형이 Bb 또는 Bc형이고 유속이 느리고 모래가 쌓인 소에 주로 서식하고 있었다. 연령별 서식지 선호도를 조사한 결과, 하상은 모두 모래를 동일하였으나 수심과 유속에서는 차이를 보였다. 수심은 당년생 (0+) $24.9{\pm}17.61cm$, 1년생 $69.6{\pm}30.32cm$, 2년생 $82.4{\pm}33.30cm$, 3년생 이상 $90.0{\pm}31.55cm$로 급격히 깊어졌으며, 유속은 당년생과 1년생이 3.8~4.0 cm/sec, 2년생과 3년생 이상이 6.0~7.3 cm/sec로 약간 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 3월부터 11월까지 모래위에서 활동하였으나 12월부터 2월까지 모래 속에서 월동하였으며, 주요 활동시간은 12시부터 24시까지로 활발한 활동과 많은 섭식량을 보였다. 먹이생물을 상대중요성지수 (IRI)로 분석한 결과 깔다구과 (Chironomidae)가 76.7%, 먹파리과 (Simuliidae) 10.3%, 윤충강 (Rotatoria) 7.3%, 꽃병벌레과 (Arcellidae) 2.2% 등의 순으로 중요한 먹이생물이었다. 당년생 치어 (전장 20~40 mm)는 크기가 작은 윤충강과 꽃병벌레과를 많이 섭식하였으나 이후 연령이 높아지면서 이들의 비율은 적어지고 비교적 크기가 큰 깔다구과와 먹파리과를 주로 섭식하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2008

We conducted field and laboratory observations of the life histories and fungal hosts of the darkling beetle, Platydema nigroaeneum Motschulsky. P. nigroaeneum, a fungivorous tenebrionid beetle, was a widespread inhabitant of fungi on deciduous trees (Quercus, Salix, Alnus and Carpinus etc.) in Korea. Development from egg to adulthood took $4\sim11$ months in nature and about 66 days in the laboratory at $25.5{\sim}26.1^{\circ}C$ and $63.5\sim64.5%$ relative humidity. Both larvae and adults overwintered in their host fungi or beneath the bark of the host tree near the host fungi. Sporophores of Coriolus $Qu{\acute{e}}let$, Bjerkandera Karst., Daedaleopsis Schroet. and Merulius were common feeding and breeding sites in Korea.