Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Preliminary Report on the Ecology of the Penguins Observed in the Cold Years and a Less Cold Year in the Vicinity of King Sejong Station, King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula

남극 세종기지에서 추운 해와 덜 추운 해에 관찰된 펭귄들의 생태에 관한 1차보고

  • 장순근 (한국해양연구원 극지연구소)
  • Published : 2004.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper delineated the ecology including movement (departure from the rookery and returning to the rookery), egg-laying, and hatch of the penguins occurred in the cold years and a less cold year in the vicinity of King Sejong Station, King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula. The years of 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1995 were selected as cold years and the year of 2001 was selected as a less cold year based on the mean annual temperature of the years. Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) left their rookery in May, meanwhile some remained around the station. They returned in middle-September in the less cold .year, and returned in late-September to early-October in the cold years. Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) left their rookery in early-April in the cold years as well as in the less cold year without exception. They returned to the rookery in late-October to early-November in cold years, meanwhile in early-October in the less cold year. This difference in the returning of this bird seems to be related with the exposed sea water, i.e., sea ice condition to feed in the sea. The global warming will lead to the appearance of birds which breed in the Sub-Antarctic. For example, one pair of King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) was observed in the Maxwell Bay in austral summer. And a pair of snide-like bird was recently observed for the first time in November 2001 at the penguin rookery located in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island. And it will also lead to the disappearance of an Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) which appeared in the full winter when Maxwell Bay and Marian Cove were frozen. It seems that the behaviour of the penguins observed around the station shows the complex effects of the ecology of the birds in combination with the natural environments, which include feeding strategy and areas, animal Instincts, exposed terrain related to weather conditions, and globa1 warming. It is necessary to take further observation and carry out systematic researches on the birds including penguins around the station which show the ecology of the birds as well as the environmental changes.

Keywords

References

  1. 과학기술처. 1990. 제1차 대한민국 남극과학연구단 월동조사대 보고, BSPE 00160-279-7, 313 p.
  2. 과학기술처. 1992. 대한민국 제4차 남극과학연구단 월동연구대 월동보고(1990년 12월-1992년 1월), 664 p.
  3. 과학기술처. 1993. 대한민국 제5차 남극과학연구단 월동연구대 월동보고(1991년 12월-1992년 12월), BSPN 00221-1-678-7, 737 p.
  4. 과학기술처. 1995. 대한민국 제7차 남극과학연구단 월동연구대 월동보고(1993년 12월-1994년 11월), BSE520L-50-840-7, 898 p.
  5. 신형철, 김수암. 1994. 세종기지부근에 번식하는 친스트랩펭귄의 잠수행동. 남극환경 및 자원담사기술, 과학기술처, BSPN 00221-702-7, 665-679.
  6. 윤무부. 1990. 세종기지주변에서의 조류관찰. 남극 과학기지주변 환경조사(제3차년도), 과학기술처, BSPG 00111-317-7, 433-459.
  7. 장순근. 1999a. 남극 세종기지 부근에 출연하는 펭귄. Ocean Res., 21(2), 137-147.
  8. 장순근. 1999b. 남극 세종기지 부근에 출현하는 조류(鳥類). 한국조류연구소 연구보고, 7(1), 19-35.
  9. 장순근, 이방용, 정호성, 강성호. 2003. 지구환경변화와 남극. 한국지구과학회지, 24(3), 216-233.
  10. 한국해양연구원. 2002a. 대한민국 제14차 남극과학연구단 월동연구대 월동보고서(2000년 11월-2001년 12월). 677 p.
  11. 한국해양연구원. 2002b. 남국세종기지 주변 인간활동으로 인한 환경변화 모니터링. ECP 02 102, 598 p.
  12. 해양수산부. 1997. 대한민국 제8차 남극과학연구단 월동연구대 월동보고(1994년 11월-1995년 12월), BSE 520001-982-7, 553 p.
  13. Bindschadler, R.A. and C.R. Bentley. 2002. On thin ice. Sci. Am., 287(6), 66-73.
  14. Heimark, G.M. and R.J. Heimark. 1988. Observations of birds and marine mammals at Palmer Station November 1985 to November 1986. Antarct. J. U.S., 23(4), 14-17.
  15. Holgate, M.W. 1963. Observations of birds and seals at Anvers Island, Palmer Archipelago, in 1955-57. Brit. Antarct. Surv. Bull., 2, 45-51
  16. Jablonski, B. 1984. Distribution and numbers of penguins in the region of King George Island, South Shetland Islands in the breeding season 1980/81. Pol. Polar Res., 5, 17-30.
  17. Lesinski, G. 1993. Monitoring of birds and pinnipedians on King George Island (South Shetland Islands) in 1989/90. Pol. Polar Res., 14(1), 75-89.
  18. Morrison, S.J. 1990, Warmest year on record on the Antarctic Peninsula? Weather, 45(6), 231-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1990.tb05625.x
  19. Park, B.K., S.K. Chang, H.I. Yoon, and H. Chung. 1998. Recent retreat of ice cliffs, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. Ann. Glaciol., 27, 633-635. https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-633-635
  20. Schlatter, R.P. y Riveros, G.M. 1987. Historia Natural del Archipelago Diego Ramirez, Chile. Serie Cientifica INACH, 47, 87-112.
  21. Shin, H.C. and S. Kim. 1993. Preliminary study on the breedings of chinstrap and gentoo penguins at Barton Peninsula, King George Island. Korean J. Polar Res., 4(2), 97-103.
  22. Shuford, W.D. and L.B. Spear. 1988a. Surveys of breeding penguins and other seabirds in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, January-February, 1987, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/NEC-59. 27 p.
  23. Shuford, W.D. and L.B. Spear. 1988b. Surveys of breeding Chinstrap penguins in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Brit. Antarct. Surv. Bull., 81, 19-30.
  24. Stonehouse, B. 1985. Birds and Mammals-Penguins. p. 266-292. In: Key Environments Antarctica. eds by W.N. Bonner and W.H. Walton, Pergamon Press.
  25. Trivelpiece, W.Z., S.G. Trivelpiece, and N.J. Volkman. 1987a. Ecological segregation of adelie, gentoo, and chinstrap penguins at King George Island, Antarctica. Ecology, 68(2), 351-361. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939266
  26. Trivelpiece, S.G., G.R. Geupel, J. Kjelmyr, and W.Z. Trivelpiece. 1987b. Pygoscelis penguin population studies at King George Island. Antarct. J. US, 1987 Review, 21(5), 222-223
  27. Watson, G.E. 1975. Birds of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic. American Geophysical Union, 350 p.
  28. Wilson, R.P., B.M. Culik, P. Kosiorek, and D. Adelung. 1998a. The over-winter movements of a chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica). Polar Rec., 34(189), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400015242
  29. Wilson, R.P., B. Alvarrez, L. Latorre, D. Adelung, B. Culik, and R. Bannasch. 1998b. The movements of gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua from Ardley Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol., 19, 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050266