• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1969

The conventional triolen absorption test has its defect in that the stool collection was cumbersome, time and energy-wasting. In the present study, the triolen absorption test was carried out using double tracer technique with $^{125}I-triolen\;and\;^{51}Cr_2O_3$ to determine if it can overcome the defect of the conventional method also with satisfactory results. Following were the results: 1. The clinical significance of this double tracer method was essentially the same with that previously done by radioactive. triolen alone. With the fractional fecal samples, the equation, y=0.626x+2.010 was substantiated, hence, this method appears to be clinically valuable if the appropriate correction is applied. With the mixed fecal samples, the equation y=0.642x+1.468 was substantiated (p<0.005) which appears to be also clinically valuable. When these two data were compared, the equation y=0.975x+0.090 (P<0.05) was substantiated, hence, $x{\fallingdotseq}y$. 2. The normal ranges of the fecal triolen excretion rate in this double tracer method were $3.46{\pm}1.69%$, namely, less than 6.9%. 3. The samplings were done from the first to third defecation in cases of clinically normal, and from the first to second defecation in cases of diarrhea or malabsorption. 4. The intestinal malabsorption of triolen was not observed in whom the triolen absorption was supposed to be clinically normal, however. a good number of suspicious malabsorptive cases showed the normal values.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1747-1751
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary oligosaccharides on performance and intestinal microbial populations of piglets. Ten litters of piglets were assigned to five groups randomly, with two litters per group. The control group was fed with corn-soybean basal diet. Oligosaccharides was added to the basal diet at the level of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.35% respectively to form four experimental diets. The experiment was conducted with two periods. The first period (suckling period) was from 7 to 28 days of age and the second period (weanling period) was from 28 to 56 days of age. Fresh fecal samples were collected at 21 days of age and assayed for Escherichia coli concentration, pH and moisture content. Three pigs per group were slaughtered at 42 days of age and cecum, colon, and rectum content samples were collected and assayed immediately for Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium concentration, pH and moisture content. The results showed that dietary oligosacchrides decreased fecal Escherichia coli population and pH significantly (p 0.05), but did not affect performance and fecal moisture content during suckling period. 0.1% oligosaccharides for weanling pigs increased growth and improved feed conversion ratio together with a reduction of diarrhea (p 0.05), but 0.35% oligosaccharides did not affect growth performance. 0.1% and 0.2% oligosaccharides for weanling pigs had a suppression to Escherichia coli colonization in rectum and an enrichment to Bifidobacterium in colon (p 0.05). Oligosaccharides decreased significantly (p<0.05) rectum moisture content, but did not affect cecum, colon and rectum pH.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to investigate the infection status of Cryptosporidium parvum in the villagers and the reservoir hosts in several rural areas in Korea. A total 5,262 fecal samples were collected from the inhabitants residing at Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do between the dates of September, 2001 to June, 2002. In addition, 1,453 fecal samples were collected from livestock reared in Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do and Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do. All the fecal smears were prepared by formalin-ether sedimentation, and examined by light microscopy after modified acid-fast staining. The overall positive rate of human cryptosporidiosis was 3.3%. Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do showed a 8.2% positive rate and appeared as the highest endemic area among the surveyed areas. Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do showed a 0.4% positive rate and was the lowest endemic area. The positive rate of livestock infection in Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do was 94%, which was more than ten times higher than that of Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do (9.3%). From these results, it was revealed that cryptosporidiosis was an endemic disease in some rural areas of Korea, and the livestock could be an important source of human infection.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

This study was performed to estimate fille zinc absorption, excretion, and balance of preschool children in Pohang and to evaluate the relationship zinc absorption and related variables. To determine the zinc absorption and excretion, duplicate food samples, pooled faces and urine samples were collected for 3 consecutive days in 21 preschool children. The mean fecal and urine excretions were 7.03mg/day and 0.16mg/day far the boys and 5.87mg/day and 0.15mg/day for the girls. Analyzed daily mean zinc intake was 10.45mg/day for the boys and 7.80mg/day for the girls. The mean ,apparent absorption rate and balance were 29.7% and 3.25mg for the boys and 23.3%, 1.78mg for the girls. Although the mean apparent absorption rate and balance of boys tended to be higher, there was no significant difference between boys and girls. In this study, subjects showed the positive balance except one. Fecal zinc loss reflected dietary zinc (p < 0.01), but urinary zinc loss was unaffected by zinc intake. There was a positive relationship between zinc apparent absorption and zinc balance (p<0.01). These results show that the zinc absorption and balance were favorable.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2016

When used for amplicon sequencing, Illumina platforms produce more than hundreds of sequence artefacts, which affects operational taxonomic units based analyses such as differential abundance and network analyses. Nevertheless it has become a major tool for fecal microbial community analysis. In addition, results from sequence-based fecal microbial community analysis vary depending on conditions of samples (i.e., freshness, time of storage and quantity). We investigated if freeze-drying samples could improve quality of sequence data. Our results showed reduced number of possible artefacts while maintaining overall microbial community structure. Therefore, freeze-drying feces prior to DNA extraction is recommended for Illumina-based microbial community analysis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.575-592
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• 2021

In livestock nutrition, natural feed additives are gaining increased attention as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters to improve animal performance. This study investigated the effects of dietary turmeric supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. All piglets were allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean meal basal diet without turmeric (control) and with 1% weight per weight (w/w) turmeric powder (turmeric). The results showed that dietary inclusion of turmeric with the basal diet improved final body weight and total average daily gain (p < 0.05). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the fecal samples, including acetic, butyric, and propionic acids, were higher in the turmeric group (p < 0.05). The villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was higher in the ileum of turmeric-fed piglets (p = 0.04). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota indicated that, at the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most predominant taxa in all fecal samples. Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased in the turmeric group compared to the control group (p = 0.021). At the genus level, turmeric showed a decreased abundance of Prevotella (p = 0.021) and an increasing trend of Lactobacillus (p = 0.083). Among the total detected species, nine bacterial species showed significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study indicated that turmeric altered the gut microbiota and shortchain fatty acid production. This suggests that turmeric could be used as a potential alternative growth promoter for piglets.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2007

This study was conducted to detect ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotic-resistant genes in the 400 E coli isolates from porcine fecal samples in Korea by a DNA chip. The DNA chip contains the specific probe DNAs of the ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotic-resistant genes that had been labeled with a mixture of primer set designed to amplify specific genes (PSE, OXA, FOX, MEN, CMY, TEM, SHV, OXY and AmpC) using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 400 isolates 339 contained at least one ${\beta}$-lactamases gene. Resistance to ${\beta}$-lactamases was mediated mainly by AmpC (n = 339, 100%), and followed by TEM (n = 200, 59.0%), CMY (n = 101, 29.8%), PSE (n = 30, 8.9%) and both OXA and SHV genes (n = 20, 5.9%), while the FOX, MEN and OXY genes were not detected. The other sixty-one did not contain any ${\beta}$-lactamase genes even though they were resistant to antimicrobial drugs. In conclusion, the DNA chip system can be used as a rapid and reliable method for detecting of ${\beta}$-lactamases genes, which will help veterinarians select the antibiotics for monitoring and treating of animal diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

The chemical components in plant cuticular wax can be used as markers to estimate the species composition of the diet of grazing animals. In this experiment, composition of the diet of yak on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau was estimated using n-alkane analysis. During the grazing period, samples of whole plants of the species present, plus fecal samples voided by the yak, were collected, air-dried and ground prior to the extraction of cuticular wax n-alkanes. The species composition of the yak diets was estimated by relating fecal alkane contents to those of the plant species, using the 'ATWHAT'software package. The results showed that the n-alkane technique can detect the main dietary components selected by yak. The diet consumed by yak contained 33% Kobresia humilis, 67% Stipa aliena in summer pasture; 26% Potentilla anserine, 74% Carex qinghaiensis in autumn pasture; 52% Carex qinghaiensis, 32% Heteropappus bowerii and 16% Saussurea semifasciata in winter pasture and 5% Carex qinghaiensis, 95% Achnatherum splendens in spring pasture. The apparent selection for forbs is likely to be a reason for nutritional constraint of yak inhabiting alpine environments.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2017

A total of 60 samples were collected from 35 swimming pools in Beijing, China, and the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were investigated. The results showed that 16.7% and 15.0% of samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cysts, respectively, with a mean concentration of 0.30 oocysts/10 L and 0.27 cysts/10 L. The oocysts and cysts were found to have higher rates of occurrence in August than in May. Genotyping confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, C. parvum, and Giardia assemblages A and B, all of which were associated with human infections. The predominant species/assemblages were C. hominis and Giardia assemblage A. Analyses of the relationships between parasite oocysts/cysts, indicator bacteria, and physical-chemical parameters revealed that there was no correlation between 2 parasites and fecal bacterial indicators, whilst there was a significant correlation between protozoa and urea concentration, which indicates that urea concentration rather than fecal bacterial indicators might be an appropriate index for chlorine-resistant protozoa in swimming pools. This study provides useful information to improve the safety of swimming pool water and deduce the risk of protozoan infections.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2008

While studies have been carried out on endoparasite infection from feces of Korean indigenous goats in multiple areas around the nation, there is no report in northern areas of Gyeongbuk province. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the rate of parasite infection from the fecal samples of goats raised on grass. From March to July in 2008, 108 fecal samples were taken from goats. Eggs of parasites were identified using flotation or sedimentation methods followed by microscopic examination. Overall infection rate of parasites from feces of goats were 99% (107 out of 108). The infection rates of nematode, cestode, trematode and protozoa were 37%, 23%, 0% and 99%, respectively. Among parasite eggs detected, nematodes included threadworms (20%), strongyles (16%) and whipworms (1%). The only cestode and protozoa detected were Moniezia expansa and Eimeria spp, respectively. In the rates of mixed infection, single was 61%, double 32%, and triple 6%.