• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to determine the bioavailability of isoflavones in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats by providing diets containing different levels of soy isoflavones for 6 weeks: 0.025% (low isoflavone intake; LI), 0.125% (medium isoflavone intake; MI), and 0.25% (high isoflavone intake; HI). The subsequent fecal and urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein was then measured. As the levels of dietary isoflavones increased, the amount of food intakes significantly decreased, and weight gain was slower in female rats. In male rats, there was no significant difference in weight gains related to dietary intakes. Urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein was significantly higher in the MI and HI groups in both male and female rats than the control and LI groups. The recovery % of daidzein and genistein in the urine was significantly lower in the MI and HI groups. Fecal daidzein increased as dietary isoflavone intakes increased in female rats; however, in male rats the increase was significant only in the HI group. The recovery % of daidzein and genistein in the feces of female rats was not significantly different among the four groups. When dietary isoflavones were increased from 0.025% to 0.25%, the amounts of daidzein and genistein excreted in the urine and feces increased; however, the low recovery rate of both daidzein and genistein in the urine implies an increased bioavailability of isoflavones. We also observed sex-related differences in the urinary and fecal recovery of isoflavone intakes.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Indicator bacteria of fecal pollution were enumerated and compared by various detection methods for influent and final effluent of a sewage treatment plant. Total coliforms were enumerated by four methods including most probable numbers, chromogenic enzyme substrate test, membrane filtration, and plate counts and were about $10^4$ for influent and $10^2{\sim}10^3\;CFU/ml$ for final effluent. Fecal coliforms ranged between $10^3$ and $10^4$ for influent and $10^2\;CFU/ml$ for effluent by chromogenic enzyme substrate test and membrane filtration. Fecal streptococci counts were 1-log less than fecal coliforms counts, $10^2{\sim}10^3$ for influent and $10^1\;CFU/ml$ for effluent. Total coliforms numbers by plate count both in influent and in effluent showed 1-log higher than by the other three methods. Statistical analysis revealed that numbers of total coliforms by plate count in final effluent had the highest average of correlation (r=0.778, p<0.01) compared with those by the other three methods. In addition, total coliforms numbers by plate count showed most significant correlation (r=0.835, p<0.01) with those by chromogenic test which is well-known as its highest recovery efficiency. These results suggest that the plate count would be the optimum detection method for total coliforms in wastewater treatment plants which are the only microbiological standard of final effluent from wastewater treatment plants in the Republic of Korea, considering economic aspects and difficulties in laboratories.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

Cryptosporidium의 오오시스트를 분변에서 분리해 내는 방법은 많이 알려져 있으나 그러한 방법은 주로 설사변에 함유된 원충을 분리하는 데 적용되었다. 이 실험에서는 송아지와 마우스를 C. parvum으로 감염시키고, 그 분변으로부터 원충을 순수 분리하기 위해 ether extraction(EE)법과 discontinuous sucrose gradients(DSG)법을 병용하여 실시하였다. 먼저 EE법으로 분변 내의 지질이나 지방성분과 함께 큰 이물질을 제거한 후 돈망체를 사용하여 분변내의 이물질을 다시 한번 제거하였다. 동망체에 걸러진 분변 부유액을 2.5% potassium dichromate 현탄액으로 만들어 DSG법으로 원심한 결과 비중 1.103과 1.064의 sucrose gradient 경계부위에 횐 밴드가 관찰되었다. 흰 밴드 부위에서 이물질이 제거된 오오시스트를 회수할 수 있었는데 송아지와 마우스 분변을 트르롭으로 전처리한 부유액에 ml 당 오오시스트의 수가 많을수록 원충의 회수율은 높았다 송아지 분변에서 회수된 원충의 회수율은 EE법으로 처리된 부유액 내에 $3.8{\;}\times{\;}10^7/ml$개의 오오시스트가 함유되었을 때 81.6%였으며, 마우스 분변에서 회수된 원충의 회수율은 EE법으로 처리된 부유액내에 $3.2{\;} \times{\;}10^6/ml$개의 오오시스트가 함유되었을 때 51.6%이었다. 따라서 50% 정도의 원충을 회수하기 위해서는 EE법으로 전처리한 분변 부유액의 ml당 오오시스트의 수가 $2{\;}\times{\;}10^6$개 이상 되어야 할 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 방법은 송아지의 설사분변은 물론 정상적인 분변이나 마우스 분변에 함유된, 오오시스트를 순수 분리하는데 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.450-460
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• 1992

본연구는 사람을 대상으로하여 8주간 종류가 서로 다른 옥수수겨를 식이섬유질의 급원으로 기본식이에 첨가하여 먹였을 때 티아민, 나이아신 및 판로텐산의 체네 이용율을 살펴보고자 실시되었다. 실험식이의 종류의 옥수수겨를 첨가하지 않은 기본식이(Basal diet : B)와 이에 wet-milled fine(WF)/coarse(WC) corn bran이나 dry-milled fine(DF)/coarse(DC) corn bran을 첨가한 식이들로서 무작위법에 의하여 첫 4주간동안 일부의 피실험자는 B, WF, WC 식이를 급여 받았으며, 나머지 피실험자는 B, DF, DC를 급여받았다. 따라서, 각각의 피실험자들은 8주간의 실험기간동안 모든 실험식이를 섭취하였다. 비타민의 이용율을 측정하기 위하여 24시간 뇨를 채집하였으며 이들을 주별로 나누어 이들 비타민의 뇨중함량을 측정하였고 변을 채집, 건조하여 neutral detergent fiber(NDF)량을 측정하였다. 또한 매일 뇨증의 creatinine치를 측정하여 뇨의 완전한 채집을 도모하였으며 불완전한 채집으로 인한 실험오차를 줄여주기 위하여 비타민의 이용을 계산시 각 주별의 평균 creatinine치에 대하여 비타민 이용율을 보정하여 주었다. 실험분석 결과에 따르면 옥수수겨를 첨가한 식이를 먹는 경우 티아민, 나이아신 및 판토텐산의 생체 이용율이 저하되는 것으로 나타났으며 옥수수겨를 wet-milling 방법으로 처리한 식이의 경우 저하의 효과가 더운 현저한 것으로 보여졌다. 또한 옥수수겨의 처리방법을 막론하고 옥수수겨의 입자가 거친것이 비타민 이용율의 저하효과가 더욱 큰것으로 나타났다. 변건량과 변량에 있어서도 이와 유사한 양상을 보였고 특히 fecal trasit time이 wet-milled corn bran 식이군과 입자가 거친 옥수수군에서 빨랐다. 따라서 본 연구는 옥수수겨가 이들 세가지 B 비타민의 이용율을 저하시키는 것이 식이 섬유질의 종류에 따라서 영향을 받을 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 16주령 암컷 흰쥐를 대상으로 이소플라본의 함량이 다른 세 종류의 식이를 6주간 공급한 후 뇨와 변에서 daidzein과 genistein의 배설량을 측정하여 생체 이용성을 살펴보고 난소절제 여부에 따른 차이가 있는지도 알아보고자 하였다. 식이 내 이소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 변 중 daidzein 배설량은 유의적으로 증가하여 섭취량에 따른 반응의존성을 나타내었다. 그러나 난소절제여부에 따른 차이는 없었다. 변 중 genistein의 배설량도 이 소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 증가하였으나, HI군에서 비교해보면 난소절제시 sham수술보다 변 중 배설량이 유의적으로 낮았다. 변 중 회수율의 경우에는 배설량과 같은 섭취량에 비례적인 관계는 나타나지 않았으며 난소절제 여부에 따른 차이도 뚜렷하지 않았다. 뇨 중 daidzein의 배설량은 변 중 배설량과 마찬가지로 sham과 난소절제 모두에서 이소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 증가되었다. 난소절제 여부에 따른 뇨 중 이소플라본의 배설량을 보면 LI, MI, HI군에서 daidEein의 배설량은 sham에 비해 난소절제에서 유의적으로 낮았으며 genistein의 배설량도 LI군에서는 유의적으로 낮았다. 또한 뇨 중 회수율을 보면 sham에서 LI군에 비해 Ml와 Hl군에서 회수율이 유의적으로 낮았는데, 난소절제의 경우에는 이소플라본의 수준에 따른 회수율의 차이가 없었다. 그리고 회수율은 난소절제에서 sham에 비해 LI와 MI군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 그러므로 이소플라본의 섭취수준이 증가하면 뇨와 변을 통한 이소플라본의 배설은 한국인의 일상적 섭취수준의 10배 범위에서는 섭취량에 의존적임을 알 수 있으며, 난소절제를 하였을 경우 뇨와 변을 통한 배설량을 감소시켜서 더 많이 체내에서 이용함을 알 수 있었다. 섭취량이 증가하면 sham수술의 경우에는 뇨 중 회수율이 감소함에 비해 난소절제에서는 회수율이 동일하고 LI와 MI군에서는 유의적으로 sham에 비해 회수율이 낮으므로 난소절제모델에서는 이소플라본의 생체이용성이 매우 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 점으로 미루어볼 때 난소호르몬의 분비가 없는 폐경 후 여성에게는 이소플라본의 섭취가 호르몬으로서의 효과가 뚜렷할 것으로 짐작되며 이소플라본의 보충섭취를 권장한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.284-291
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20367 (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-chloro-7-(2, 7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]tract-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20367 in plasma, tissue, and urine was determined by both HPLC and microbiological assay (bioassay). The plasma concentration-time curves of the drug in rats and beagle dogs were biexponentially declined. The terminal half-life (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) of the drug in rats was about 60.1 $\pm$7.3 min (i.v.) and 61.3 $\pm$ 12.4 min (p.o.) in bioassay, and 86.3 $\pm$19.8 min (i.v.) and 50.9$\pm$ 14.9 min (p.o.) in HPLC. In beagle dogs, half-life of the drug determined by bioassay was about 121.8$\pm$6.2 min (i.v.) and 111.0$\pm$7.6 min (p.o.). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd$_{ss}$ ) was 243.8$\pm$74.1 ml/kg (bioassay) and 339.2$\pm$84.3 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 1587.5 $\pm$536.9 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl$_{t}$) of DWP20367 was 3.4 $\pm$ 0.4 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 2.4$\pm$0.4 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 12.3$\pm$ 1.0 ml/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs, respectively. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 89.1%(bioassay) and 79.9% (HPLC) in rats, and 78.7% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. Urinary recovery (24-h) assayed by bioassay was 0.7% (p.o.) and 1.2% (i.v.) in rats, and 0.8% (p.o.) and 1.0% (i.v.) in beagle dogs. In rats, 24-h fecal recovery determined by bioassay was 11.2% (p.o.) and 0.1% (i.v.). Rat and human serum protein binding ratios at 2$\mu$g/ml were about 90~91%. This drug determined by bioassay was also distributed by the order of liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and muscle 30 min after oral administration.on.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1983

The studies carried out to investigate the detection method of Fasciola eggs from positive cattle feces in the intradermal reaction method with laborsaving composition of sieves and Kim's sedimental tube method. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The detection method of Fasciola eggs was improved by 3 meshes (100mesh, 150mesh, 250mesh) for filteration of fecal fluid contained Fasciola eggs. 2. Third type of tube in the 3 kinds of sedimental tube had the highest recovers rate of Fasciola eggs. Thus, this type of tube was selected and called as Kim's sedimental tube. 3. A-II, A-III, B-III and C-III type by Kim's sedimental tube method had the recovery rates of eggs in the 1st drop as ranged 99 to 100% and, A-I, B-II, C-II as 71 to 91%. 4. These Type of tubes were useful to detect Fasciola eggs and to shorten the time of the diagnostic procedures. 5. The Kim's sedimental tube method showed high recovery rates and convenient procedures as compared with other detection methods reported. In addition, the EPG value can also be obtained by this method. Therefore, it is desirable that the Kim's sedimental tube method could be recommended to clinicians.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2024

This review delved into the intricate relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiome and gastric cancer, particularly focusing on post-treatment alterations, notably following gastrectomy, and the effects of anticancer therapies. Following gastrectomy, analysis of fecal samples revealed an increased presence of oral cavity aerotolerant and bile acid-transforming bacteria in the intestine. Similar changes were observed in the gastric microbiome, highlighting significant alterations in taxon abundance and emphasizing the reciprocal interaction between the oral and gastric microbiomes. In contrast, the impact of chemotherapy and immunotherapy on the gut microbiome was subtle, although discernible differences were noted between treatment responders and non-responders. Certain bacterial taxa showed promise as potential prognostic markers. Notably, probiotics emerged as a promising approach for postgastrectomy recovery, displaying the capacity to alleviate inflammation, bolster immune responses, and maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Several strains, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium butyricum, exhibited favorable outcomes in postoperative patients, suggesting their potential roles in comprehensive patient care. In conclusion, understanding the intricate interplay between the gastrointestinal microbiome and gastric cancer treatment offers prospects for predicting responses and enhancing postoperative recovery. Probiotics, with their positive impact on inflammation and immunity, have emerged as potential adjuncts in patient care. Continued research is imperative to fully harness the potential of microbiome-based interventions in the management of gastric cancer.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2009

Recently coastal seawater has been contaminated by enteric viruses such as the norovirus via untreated groundwater globally. Accordingly, the consumption of molluscan shellfish from seawater that has been contaminated with fecal material has become an important issues. The levels of enteric viruses in seawater are low and recovery and concentration of the virus from large volumes of water is difficult. We compared the effectiveness of two representative method of concentrating virus using negatively and positively charged filters. The mean retention of seeded FCV by HAMF and NCCF was 48% and 78%, respectively. Overall, the recovery of NCCF was 43.3$\pm$11% better than that of HAMF. However, the eluate obtained by using beef extract solution in the NCCF procedure caused an inhibitory effect on the RT-PCR; therefore, it was necessary to employ a PCR inhibitor removal procedure. The HAMF eluate contained no PCR inhibitors, but HAMF was not an effective method of concentrating the virus from large volumes of natural seawater due to clogging.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.419-425
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics of DWP20364 (1-cyclopropyl -5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-(2,7-diazabiclo [3,3,0] oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone containing C7-bicyc-talc structure, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration to rats using microbiological assay (bioassay). After i.v. administration to rats, the plasma concentrations of the two drugs declined biexponentially. The terminal half-lives (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) of DWP20364 were 110$\pm$ 13.2 min and 117$\pm$3.09 min after i.v. and p.o. administration, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those of CPFX (45.5$\pm$9.52 min and 48.3$\pm$ 12.1 min, respectively). Similar results were also obtained from plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curves. The total body clearance of DWP20364, 7.82$\pm$0.37 ml/min/kg was significantly slower than that of CPFX, 27.3 $\pm$ 11.1 m1/ min/kg. Above data suggested that the antimicrobial activity of DWP20364 could be longer than that of CPFX. The urinary recovery after i.v. and p.o. administration of DWP20364 was significantly lower than those of CPFX suggesting that the effect of DWP20364 on urinary tract infection could be lower than that of CPFX. The serum protein binding values of DWP20364 at 2$\mu$g/ml were apparently 91.5~93.1% in rats and human. DWP20364 was distributed by the order of liver, lung, kidney, sf)leon, heart, muscle and brain collected at 30 min after orally administered.