• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of soy oligosaccharide consumption on feces bifidobacteria proliferation and feces lipid profiles in Korean young women. Eight healthy young women (25 - 34 years) were fed 15 g/day of soyoligosaccharide solution, containing 3 g of oligosaccharide as form of raffinose and starchyose, for 15 days with their habitual meals. Soyoligosaccharde intake increased the numbers of fecal total bacteria significantly until 10 days (p < 0.05) and the numbers of fecal bifidobactreia were significantly increased until 15 days (p < 0.05) . The fecal pH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by soyligosaccharide intake. Fecal lipid concentration showed the trend to increse, especially fecal triglyceride level was significantly increased by soy oligosaccharide intake (p < 0.05). The water contents of feces, the amount of feces, evacuation frequency and taking time to evacuation were not affected by soyoligosaccharide intake. The color of feces changed to yellow-brown, and hardness of stool and effort to evacuation were reduced by soyoligosaccharide intake. These results suggest that soyoligosaccharide intake (3 g/day) in young women improved the gut microflora and fecal lipid profile. Therefore, soy oligosaccharide has a potential to be used as one of the promising prebiotics, and controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration are need to be studied further.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

Comparative effects of oyster mushrooms on plasma and fecal lipid profiles and on liver and kidney function were evaluated in hyper and normocholesterolemic rats. Feeding of hypercholesterolemic rats a 5% powder of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and P. florida) reduced the plasma total cholesterol level by 37%, 21% and 16%, respectively and reduced the triglyceride level by 45%, 24% and 14%, respectively. LDL/HDL ratio decreased by 64%, 45% and 41% for P. sajor-caju, P. ostreatus and P. florida fed rats, respectively. Mushroom feeding also reduced body weight in hypercholesterolemic rats. However, it had no adverse effect on plasma bilirubin, creatinin and urea nitrogen level. Mushroom feeding also increased the total lipid and cholesterol excretion in the feces. The present study reveals that feeding of 5% oyster mushroom powder does not have detrimental effects on the liver and kidneys rather may provide health benefits for the cardiovascular-related complication by decreasing the atherogenic lipid profiles.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2006

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary calcium and soy isoflavone on body fat and lipid metabolism in high fat-induced obesity. Four week old female C57/BL6J mice, known as a good model of diet-induced obesity, were fed low Ca and high fat diet for 6 weeks. After induced obesity, mice were divided into six groups according to diets varying calcium contents (0.1 or 1.5%) and genistein contents (0 or 500 or 1,000 ppm). Body weight, fat pad (perirenal fat and parameterial fat), adipocyte size, serum total lipid and total cholesterol were significantly decreased by both high Ca intake and genistein supplementation. However, the effect of genistein supplementation showed in low Ca-fed groups. Serum LDL-cholesterol and TG were significantly decreased by high Ca intake and genistein supplementation, respectively. In liver, lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme) activity and TG were significantly decreased by both high Ca intake and genistein supplementation. This inhibitory effect of genistein on lipogenic enzymes showed in low Ca-fed groups. But liver total cholesterol and total lipid were significantly decreased by high Ca intake and genistein supplementation, respectively. Fecal excretion of total lipid, total cholesterol and TG were significantly increased by high Ca intake, not by genistein supplementation. In conclusion, high calcium intake and genistein supplement may be beneficial for suppression of obesity through direct anti-adipogenesis by decreasing fat weight and size and indirect anti-lipo-genesis by inhibiting lipogenic enzymes activity and improving lipid profile.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1330-1335
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• 2009

Although beneficial effects of dietary plant proteins on lipid metabolism are well documented, not much information exists on the influence of different seafood proteins on the lipid metabolism. The present study evaluated the effect of 2 marine proteins (tuna protein and scallop ovary proteins) in comparison to casein and soy protein in male Wistar rats. The concentration of total lipids in the plasma of rats fed experimental diets was significantly lower from that of control (278.2 mg/dL) group (p<0.05); and, the liver lipid content was not significantly different (p>0.05). Fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was significantly higher in marine proteins and soy protein fed groups compared to casein only fed control (6.1 and 6.4 mg/day, respectively) group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the mRNA concentrations of different transcriptional factors (p>0.05).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1272-1280
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• 2005

The study was performed by examining the effects of fermented liquid of Crataegi Fructus on the lipid profile improvement in rats fed high fat diets. Sprague-Dawley rats of weighting $180.0{\pm}30g$ were randomly divided into five groups : basal diet (Normal control group, NCG), only high fat diet (High fat control group, HFC), high fat diet and supplemented with 1.69 mg/100 g body weight, 3.38 mg/100 g body weight, 6.76 mg/100 g body weight by fermented liquid of Crataegi Fructus - HFL, HFM, HFH group). These experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks. The fermented liquid of Crataegi Fructus fed groups had more significantly decreased in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index than the high fat control group, while the HDL-cholesterol was higher when compared to the normal control group. Total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol contents in liver were decreased in high fat experimental groups. But the degree of increment was reduced by administration of fermented liquid of Crataegi Fructus. while the fermented liquid of Crataegi Fructus fed group had ore significantly increased in the level of HDL-cholesterol than the high fat control group. The singularity of the unsaturated fatty acid contents attracted our attention. Especially, the polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions were 36.36%, 34.70%, 20.31%in serum, liver and fecal of fermented liquid of Crataegi Fructus fed groups, respectively. These results imply that the fermented liquid of Crataegi Fructus can be used as possible food resources and medicinal food materials.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

Recently, Korean people are consuming seaweeds almost 3.5 times more now than three decades ago. It is well known that seaweeds contain lots of soluble dietary fiber in addition to micronutrients such as ${\beta}$-carotene, iodine and some bioactive components. Seaweeds are considered to be effective for preventing chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cancer or constipation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seamustard intake on body weight gain, blood glucose level and lipid profiles in rats fed diets with different energy nutrient composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (average initial weight 103.7g) were divided into groups for two experiments as follows; Control, M2.5 & M5 groups (Exp. I) and M5, M10, HCM5, HCM10, HFM5 & HFM10 groups (Exp. II). The rats were fed diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. In general, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and triglyceride concentration among groups. In Exp. I, serum LDL-cholesterol level of rats fed diet with 5% seamustard powder (M5) was significantly lower than that of control group, while HDL-cholesterol level, TC/LDL ratio and weight of adrenal gland were higher. In Exp. II, food intake, body weight gain and EER of high fat diet with 10% seamustard group (HFM10) were the lowest among groups. Except gastrocnemius muscle, all organ weights of HFM10 group were the lowest. Fecal cholesterol excretion and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration of HFM10 group were the highest, while serum HDL-cholesterol level was the lowest among groups. Interestingly, HDL-cholesterol concentration was the highest in HCM5 group among groups. From these results, it was suggested that seamustard intake might be more effective for body weight control, but not for improving blood lipid profiles in high fat diet than in high carbohydrate diet.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2011

계란급여에 따른 혈중지질특성과 콜레스테롤 대사에 관한 영향을 조사하기 위해 C57BL/6 마우스를 공시하여 일반식이군과 고콜레스테롤식이군으로 나눈 후 계란을 2%와 10% 첨가한 사료를 5주동안 급여하였다. 일반사양성적(체중, 사료섭취량, 사료효율), 혈액과 간조직, 분변의 지질함량 및 담즙산 농도를 측정하였다. 체중과 사료효율은 일반식이와 고콜레스테롤식이군 모두 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 사료섭취량은 10% 계란 첨가구에서 유의적인 증가를 보였다(p<0.05). HDL-C농도는 일반식이 급여군에서 2%와 10% 계란 첨가구 모두 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 간 조직 내 TG와 TC농도는 일반식이군에서 계란의 급여가 TG와 TC 증가에 영향을 미친 반면 고콜레스테롤식이군의 경우 TG는 유의적인 차이가 없었고, TC는 10% 계란 급여군에서 감소하였다(p<0.05). 분변의 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 담즙산 농도는 일반식이군과 고콜레스테롤식이군 모두 계란의 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 TC와 TG함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 담즙산 농도 역시 일반식이 급여군에서 계란의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 대조군보다 높은 함량을 보여 계란이 분변의 콜레스테롤 함량에도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2007

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fructose(F) or sucrose(S) and guar gum intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 15-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were different in carbohydrate(25% of carbohydrate) and fiber(5% w/w) sources. The carbohydrate(CHO) sources of each group were comstarch(control group, 100% of CHO), fructose with cellulose(F), fructose with guar gum(FG), sucrose with cellulose(S), and sucrose with guar gum(SG). Each group was fed exterimental diet for 4 weeks. We measured food intake, body weight gain, adipose tissues weight and organs weight. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and measured plasma insulin concentration to examine carbohydrate metabolism. To evaluate lipid metabolism, we measured the lipid profile of plasma, liver and feces. Food intake and weight gain of FG or SG groups tended to be less than those of F or S groups. Perirenal and epididymal fat pad weights of SG group were significantly lower than those of S group and those of FG group tended to be lower than those of F group. In OGTT, blood glucose values of F or S groups were significantly higher than those of C group, and FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups during the experimental time. The area under the curve(AUC) of C group was significantly highest among the groups, AUC and plasma insulin concentration of FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) of FG and SG groups were significantly lower than those of F and S groups, plasma and hepatic total lipid(TL) and total cholesterol(TC) of FG and SG groups tended to be lower than those of F and S groups. Fecal TL, TG and TC of FG or SG groups tended to be higher than those of F and S groups. In conclusion, intake of guar gum should improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in partial substitution of fructose or sucrose for cornstarch in GK rats.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia is considered at least partially responsible for the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients. The aim of the present study is to understand how hepatic de novo lipogenesis influences hepatic cholesterol content as well as its effects on the plasma lipid levels. Hepatic lipogenesis was induced in mice by feeding a fat-free/high-sucrose (FF/HS) diet and the metabolic pathways associated with cholesterol were then analyzed. Both liver triglyceride and cholesterol contents were significantly increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. Activation of fatty acid synthesis driven by the activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c resulted in the increased liver triglycerides. The augmented cholesterol content in the liver could not be explained by an increased cholesterol synthesis, which was decreased by the FF/HS diet. HMG-CoA reductase protein level was decreased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. We found that the liver retained more cholesterol through a reduced excretion of bile acids, a reduced fecal cholesterol excretion, and an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma lipoproteins. Very low-density lipoproteintriglyceride and -cholesterol secretion were increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet, which led to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in Ldlr-/- mice, a model that exhibits a more human like lipoprotein profile. These findings suggest that dietary cholesterol intake and cholesterol synthesis rates cannot only explain the hypercholesterolemia associated with NAFLD, and that the control of fatty acid synthesis should be considered for the management of dyslipidemia.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 우리나라 장려 품종인 청일뽕잎을 이용하여 고지방식이(열량의 37%를 지방으로 대체)를 급여한 C57BL/6 마우스의 지질 함량과 지질대사를 측정함으로써 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물의 지질 개선작용을 검증하고자 하였다. 4주령의 C57BL/6마우스(n=32)를 1주일간 적응시킨 후 정상식이를 급여한 정상군, 고지방을 급여한 고지방대조군(HF), 고지방-뽕잎분말군(HF-PML)과 고지방-뽕잎열수 추출물군(HF-WML)으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 뽕잎은 사람의 섭취량을 고려하여 뽕잎 1%수준이 섭취되도록 분말(1g/100g diet)과 열수추출물(0.22g/100g diet)을 식이에 첨가 조제하여 급여하였다. 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 고지 방을 급여 한 마우스의 체중과 장기 무게에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 뽕잎분말만 일일 식이섭취량과 에너지 섭취를 고지방 대조군에 비하여 감소시켰다 실험 6주 후 고지방 대조군의 혈장과 간조직 중의 콜레스테롤과 중성지질 함량이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으나 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물 급여시 혈장과 간조직 중의 지질 함량이 유의적으로 개선되었고 총 콜레스테롤 함량에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 비는 정상 수준이었다(p<0.05). 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 변으로의 콜레스테롤과 중성지질 배설을 증가시켰다. 간조직 중의 fatty acid synthase, fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$과 carnitine palmitoyl transferase 활성은 고지방 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았으나 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 이들 효소들의 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이와 같이 고지방을 급여한 마우스에서 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 변으로의 지질 배설을 증가시키고 간조직의 지질대사 관련 효소 활성에 영향을 미침으로써 혈장과 간조직의 지질 함량을 개선하는데 효과적인 것으로 검증되었다.