• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.24-33
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• 2001

this paper describes a baseline for an implementation of a corpus-based Korean TTS system. The conventional TTS systems using small-sized speech still generate machine-like synthetic speech. To overcome this problem we introduce the corpus-based TTS system which enables to generate natural synthetic speech without prosodic modifications. The corpus should be composed of a natural prosody of source speech and multiple instances of synthesis units. To make a phone level synthesis unit, we train a speech recognizer with the target speech, and then perform an automatic phoneme segmentation. We also detect the fine pitch period using Laryngo graph signals, which is used for prosodic feature extraction. For break strength allocation, 4 levels of break indices are decided as pause length and also attached to phones to reflect prosodic variations in phrase boundaries. To predict the break strength on texts, we utilize the statistical information of POS (Part-of-Speech) sequences. The best triphone sequences are selected by Viterbi search considering the minimization of accumulative Euclidean distance of concatenating distortion. To get high quality synthesis speech applicable to commercial purpose, we introduce a domain specific database. By adding domain specific database to general domain database, we can greatly improve the quality of synthetic speech on specific domain. From the subjective evaluation, the new Korean corpus-based TTS system shows better naturalness than the conventional demisyllable-based one.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.109-116
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• 1996

In this paper, I would like to explore the possibility that the nature of place assimilation can be captured in terms of the OCP within the Optimality Theory (Mccarthy & Prince 1999. 1995; Prince & Smolensky 1993). In derivational models, each assimilatory process would be expressed through a different autosegmental rule. However, what any such model misses is a clear generalization that all of those processes have the effect of avoiding a configuration in which two consonantal place nodes are adjacent across a syllable boundary, as illustrated in (1):(equation omitted) In a derivational model, it is a coincidence that across languages there are changes that have the result of modifying a structure of the form (1a) into the other structure that does not have adjacent consonantal place nodes (1b). OT allows us to express this effect through a constraint given in (2) that forbids adjacent place nodes: (2) OCP(PL): Adjacent place nodes are prohibited. At this point, then, a question arises as to how consonantal and vocalic place nodes are formally distinguished in the output for the purpose of applying the OCP(PL). Besides, the OCP(PL) would affect equally complex onsets and codas as well as coda-onset clusters in languages that have them such as English. To remedy this problem, following Mccarthy (1994), I assume that the canonical markedness constraint is a prohibition defined over no more than two segments, $\alpha$ and $\beta$: that is, $^{*}\{{\alpha, {\;}{\beta{\}$ with appropriate conditions imposed on $\alpha$ and $\beta$. I propose the OCP(PL) again in the following format (3) OCP(PL) (table omitted) $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are the target and the trigger of place assimilation, respectively. The '*' is a reminder that, in this format, constraints specify negative targets or prohibited configurations. Any structure matching the specifications is in violation of this constraint. Now, in correspondence terms, the meaning of the OCP(PL) is this: the constraint is violated if a consonantal place $\alpha$ is immediately followed by a consonantal place $\bebt$ in surface. One advantage of this format is that the OCP(PL) would also be invoked in dealing with place assimilation within complex coda (e.g., sink [si(equation omitted)k]): we can make the constraint scan the consonantal clusters only, excluding any intervening vowels. Finally, the onset clusters typically do not undergo place assimilation. I propose that the onsets be protected by certain constraint which ensures that the coda, not the onset loses the place feature.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2007

In order to produce the antibody rich eggs against Salmonella gallinarum(S.G.) causing fowl typhoid, the productions of immunoglobulin in eggs were compared and examined with the feed additives, the variety of adjuvants in vaccines to layers, and the existence of additive antigens other than target microorganism. The examination of the average contents of specific IgY in immunized group by supplying hardwood charcoal showed that the group supplied with 0.5% hardwood charcoal had the highest contents, implying that the supply of hardwood charcoal promoted the production of specific IgY. Adjuvant appeared to have little effect on the average contents of total IgY, but specific IgY contents increased in the immunized group with Freund's adjuvant. Addition of BCG in adjuvant treatment increased specific IgY however, this feature was not seen in aluminum hydroxide treated group. Immunization at 15 week layers resulted in higher laying rate than immunization at 21 week and addition of hardwood charcoal in feed recovered laying rate. It was therefore, concluded that the feed supplement, such as hardwood charcoal followed by a proper immunization program concerning adjuvant, vaccination period and supplementary microorganism hastened the production of IgY.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2006

Doxorubicin (DXR) is a type of anti-cancer drug called an 'anthracycline glycoside', It works by impairing DNA synthesis, a crucial feature of cell division, and thus is able to target rapidly dividing cells. Doxorubicin is a very serious anti-cancer medication with definite potential to do great harm as well as great good. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to identify and quantify DXR in small-volume biological samples. After the addition of internal standard (IS, $5{\mu}L\;of\;1{\mu}M/ml$ daunorubicin methanol solution) into the serum sample, the drug and IS were extracted by methanol. Following vortex for a 1min and centrifugation at 15,000g for 10 min the organic phase was transferred and evaporated under a vacuum. The residue was reconstituted with $350{\mu}L$ of mobile phase and $10{\mu}L$ was injected into C18 column with mobile phase composed of 0.05M ammonium acetate (0.1 M acetic acid adjusted to pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). The flow rate was kept constant at $350{\mu}L/min$. The ions were quantified in the multiple reaction mode (MRM), using positive ions, on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The lower limits of quantification for Doxorubicin in plasma and small tissues were approximately 0.5 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL respectively. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy (% of nominal concentration) and precision (% CV) for all analytes were within 15%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.402-414
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of the instructions using analogies in learning the concept of saturated solution by the analogy presentation types and the verbal learning styles upon the mapping understanding, the mapping errors, and the perceptions of the instruction. Fifth graders (N=123) at an elementary school were selected and assigned to VA (n=63) and VPA (n=60) groups. As a pretest, a test on the verbal learning style was administered. The students in the VA group learned the target concept with a verbal analogy, while those in the VPA group learned it with a verbal/pictorial analogy. After the students learned it, a mapping understanding test was administered. The students in the VPA group also administered the test on the perceptions of the instruction and some of them were interviewed in depth. The results revealed that the scores of the students with strong verbal learning preference in the VPA group were significantly lower than those in the VA group in the mapping understanding test. However, the scores of the students with weak verbal learning preference were not significantly different between the two groups. Five types of mapping errors were identified: failure to map, mismapping, rash mapping, impossible mapping, and mapping of a surficial feature. According to students' verbal learning styles, there were some differences in the frequencies of mapping errors in the two groups. Many students in the VPA group, regardless of their verbal learning styles, had positive perceptions of the instruction in various cognitive and motivational aspects. However, some of them also pointed out a few difficulties of the instruction. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1606-1611
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• 2000

Objective : To obtain more reliable sample in stereotactic biopsy, authors adopted proton chemical shift imaging ($^1H$-CSI)-directed biopsy. Until now, proton single voxel spectroscopy($^1H$-SVS) technique has been reported as a technique using metabolic information in stereotactic biopsy. The authors performed $^1H$-CSI with a stereotactic headframe in place and evaluated the pathologic results obtained from local metabolic information through $^1H$-CSI. Methods : $^1H$ CSI-directed stereotactic biopsy was performed in four patients. $^1H$-CSI and conventional Gd-enhancement stereotactic MRI was done simultaneously after application of the stereotatic frame. After reconstruction of metabolic maps of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and Lactate/Cr ratios, the focal areas of increased Cho/Cr ratios and decreased NAA/Cr ratios were selected for target sites in the MR images Results : There was no difficulty in performing $^1H$-CSI with the stereotactic headframe in place. In pathologic examinations, the samples taken in area of increased Cho/Cr ratios and decreased NAA/Cr ratios showed the features of increased cellularity, mitoses and cellular atypism, thus facilitated the diagnosis. The pathologic samples taken from the area of increased Lactate/Cr ratios showed prominent feature of necrosis. Conclusion : $^1H$-CSI was feasible with stereotactic head frame in place. The final pathologic results obtained in our samples were concordant with the local metabolic informations from $^1H$-CSI. Authors believe that $^1H$ CSI-directed stereotactic biopsy may provide us advantages in obtaining more reliable tissue specimen in stereotactic biopsy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2010

The coverage ability is one of essential techniques for the Robotic Vacuum Cleaner (RVC). Most of the RVCs rely on random or regular pattern movement to cover a target space due to the technical difficulties to implement localization and map and constraints of hardwares such as controller and sensors. In this paper, we consider two main issues which are low computational load and using sensors with very limited sensing capabilities. First, in our approach, computing procedures to build map and detect the RVC's position are minimized by simplifying data obtained from sensors. To reduce computational load, it needs simply presenting an environment with objects of various shapes. Another isuue mentioned above is regarded as one of the most important problems in our approach, because we consider that many RVCs use low-cost sensor systems such as an infrared sensor or ultrasonic sensor with limited capabilities in limited range, detection uncertainty, measurement noise, etc. Methods presented in this paper are able to apply to general RVCs equipped with these sensors. By both simulation and real experiment, we evaluate our method and verify that the proposed method guarantees a complete coverage.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 2014

The Officially Announced Land Price System has a limit, that is required to be able to reflect changes in land constantly every year, to implement Land Characteristic Survey for calculating land price during a specific period and human resources with limited. The purpose of this study is to apply the 'National Territory Space Usage status Survey' method to survey part of the territorial feature status information inside of selected the target sites, considering the core survey items (land category, the state of land use, altitude difference, standard site inclusion, etc) in the areas surrounding Yeonshinnae Station in which three dongs (Galhyeon-dong, Daejo-dong, Bulgwang-dong) of Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul share borders with. Based on the given budget, the manpower and period was taken into consideration to sort a total of 2,041 lots and conduct surveys on all sites. This study will be able to diagnose the efficient idle human resource utilization and work process construction plan through pilot projects specialized for providing real estate information services in preparation for cases in which national territory information survey projects that provide various business model, as well as major future core projects of the corporation will be carried out.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.776-786
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• 2006

This paper proposes XML based mobile information visualization system using rectangle layout to show effectively XML based information to user on mobile devices which do not have a rich display feature. We define XML schema that can describes information in graph with cycle as well as information in tree form. It suggests using rectangle layout method that is an improvement of the traditional method of the radial layout because the specificity of the mobile display should be considered when XML information is rendered on the screen. And then, it applies DOI of fisheye view algorithm to information on the rectangle layout to represent all and user interest information. And it also suggests an effective method considering capability of mobile devices to decrease user's confusion and improve awareness of user when a user Interest target selected. The proposed information visualization system in the form of focus+context supports an effective interface for information retrieval via mobile devices, such as PDA, cellular phone and smart phone, that usually have less power of CPU than that of PC and the constraints of display and memory. In this paper, it performs experiments and makes an evaluation comparing information visualization method between the traditional radial layout and the proposed rectangle layout.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.412-428
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• 2012

To achieve mine development, a large amount of data concerned with the geological structure and the ore body had to be investigated and collected through geological survey, drilling and geophysical explorations. In most previous cases, however, the data were usually analyzed two dimensionally and those results showed some limits because of their 2D presentation. Those 2D maps such as geological plane sections or longitudinal sections cause lots of difficulties in understanding the complex geological structure or the feature of ore body in a spatial way. In this study, research area was set on the abandoned Yangyang iron mine in Korea and the Sugaeng ore body within the mine was selected as the research target to design a mine haulage system for reopening. A 3D mine model of this area was tried to be constructed using a 3D modelling software, GEMS. An accurate 3D model including the ore body, the geological structure, the old underground mine drifts and the new mine drifts was constructed under the purpose of reopening of the abandoned iron mine. Especially, mine design for trackless haulage system was conducted. New inclines and drifts were planned and modelled 3 dimensionally considering the utilization of old drifts and shaft. In addition to the 3D modelling, geostatistical technique was adopted to generate a spatial distribution of the ore grade and the rock physical properties. 3D model would be able to contribute in solving problems such as evaluating ore reserves, planning the mine development and additional explorations and changing the development plans, etc.