• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

The present study was carried out in atheroscleorotic New Zealend white(NZW) rabbits. to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Korean pinenut oil, on plasma total fatty acid composition. In study I, NZW rabbits were fed 10 weeks on a commercial chow diet supplemented with 5% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) or 10% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) with the addition of 1% cholesterol to the diet. Nineteen fatty acids ranged from myristic acid (14:0) to cervonic acid (22:6 ${\omega}3$) were identified in all the samples. The c5, c9, $c12{\sim}18$ : 3 acid was not reported in the fatty acid methyl ester profiles of each group because it was included in the linoleic acid peak. The major constitutent fatty acids in the chow diet group were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. In the cholesterol group, oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids. In plasma of cholesterol-fed animals, the levels of 16:1 ${\omega}$ 7 and 18:1 1 ${\omega}$ 9 were increased. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in soybean oil/cholesterol and pinenut oil/cholesterol groups. Plasma linoleic acid levels were significantly incresed from 4 to 6% by the supplementation of 5% soybean or 5% pinenut oil in the cholesterol diet for 5 weeks, compared to cholesterol group. Plasma 16 : 1 ${\omega}$ 7 levels in animals fed with 5 or 10% pinenut oils were significantly lower than in those fed cholesterol for 5 weeks. After 10 weeks on the soybean oil and pinenut oil diet there were no significant differences in the fatty acid composition. In study II, the fatty acid composition was not affected by the types or levels of oils supplemented for 5 weeks. After 10 weeks on the oil diets 16:1 ${\omega}$ 7 and 18:1 ${\omega}$ 9 were decreased in 10% soybean in oil/cholesterol and 10% pinenut oil/cholesterol groups, compared to cholesterol group.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2009

Characteristics of the transesterification reaction between triglycerides in soy bean oil and methanol were investigated in the presence of acid catalysts. such as sulfuric acid and PTS (p-toluene sulfonic acid). Concentrations of diglyceride and monoglyceride which were intermediates in the reaction mixtures, were far below 10% of triglyceride under any reaction conditions. Thus, conversion of the reaction could be determined from the concentration of triglyceride. Dried PTS had more superior catalytic power than sulfuric acid for transesterification reaction between soy bean oil and methanol. When transesterification reaction of soy bean oil was catalyzed by 1 wt% of PTS at methanol stoichiometric mole ratio of 2 and $65^{\circ}C$, final conversion reached 95% within 48 hours. If FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) was added into reaction mixture of soy bean oil, methanol and PTS catalyst, it converted reaction mixture into homogeneous phase, and substantially increased reaction rate. When reaction mixture was freely boiling which had equal volumetric amount of FAME to soy bean oil, methanol stoichiometric mole ratio of 2 and 1 wt% of PTS, final conversion achieved value of 94% and temperature approached to $110^{\circ}C$ within 2 hours.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1992

Most of cosmetics are emulsion-type products which contain the sources of nutrition, i.e., vegetable oil, mineral oil and carbohyrate etc.. These additives are usually very susceptible to the contamination by microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to obtain the data necessary not only to prevent dermalopathia occurred by microbials but also to maintain the quality. In this experiment we observed the growth of P.aeruginosa in the cosmetics with or without antiseptics so as to prevent contamination. During the contamination period, the phase became unstable and creaming phenomina was happened together with some discoloration and bad smell. The pH of cosmetic was decreased from 7.6 to 6.0 and the concentration was increased from 1.443 to 1.453 in terms of refractive index during 40 days incubation. By adding antiseptics to the cosmetics, the number of P. aeruginosa from the challenge test method were decreased from $10^8$ cell/ml to $5{\times}10^3$ cell/ml. For the antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa, p-hydroxy benzoic acid propyl ester in phosphoric acid buffer solution showed the best result.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1293-1297
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• 2011

To improve the biological activities of rupestonic acid, 21 new rupestonic acid fatty ester derivatives (2a-2h) and aromatic ester derivatives (2i-2u) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated for their anti-influenza activity in vitro by the national center for drug screening of China, using the Oseltamivir and Ribavirin as reference drugs. The results showed that 2l ($IC_{50}=0.5{\mu}mol/L$) exhibited potent anti-influenza $A_3$ viral activity among the synthesized compounds and was 10-fold more potent than that of the reference drug Oseltamivir ($IC_{50}=5.1{\mu}mol/L$).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.628-635
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• 2013

In order to evaluate their potential as sources of biodiesel, oil content and fatty acid composition of seeds and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) properties from seven woody oil plants in Korea were analysed. The oil content of seed of all woody plant species ranged from 15.1 (Ligustrum lucidum) to 70.3% (Camellia japonica) by dry weight. Fatty acid composition consisted mainly of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, with oleic acid being the most abundant. The content of unsaturated fatty acids of all species was higher than saturated fatty acids. Oxidation stability of seed oils of all woody plants ranged from 2.25 to 8.62 hours/$110^{\circ}C$. Fatty acid methyl ester of Styrax japonica has been found to have the highest iodine value, indicating that unsaturated fatty acid content is higher than other seed oils. Cold filter plug point(CFPP) was varied over a wide range from $0^{\circ}C$ to $-13^{\circ}C$. The cold fluidity of FAME of Chionanthus retusa were excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.736-742
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• 1994

This study was designed to observe the effects of the mixed diets of edible mushrooms and vegetables oils on the lipid component and fatty acid composition in liver of the diet induced hydpercholesterolemic rats. Ten groups of male S.D. rats were fed a basal diet supplemented with 5% of one of three mushrooms(G.I, L.e, A.j) and 10% of one of three vegetable oils (olive ,safflower perilla) for three weeks. In liver, total cholesterol concentration was significantly low in group 3 (olive oil 10 % + L. edodes 5%) and 6 (safflower oil 10 % $_2$L. edodes 5%) , triglyceride concentration was low in groups 8 (perilla oil 10 % + g. lucidum 5%) and 9 (perilla oil 10% + L. edodes 5%) and phospholipid concentration was significantly low in groups 3, 5, (safflower oil 10 % + G.lucidum 5%), 6, 7 (safflower oil 10 % + A .judae 5%) 8, 9 and 10 (perilla oil 10% + a. judae 5%). in the fatty acid composition of total lipid inliver, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentration s were high in groups 2 (olive oil 105 + g. lucidum 5%), 3, and 4 (olive oil 10% + A. judae 5%) and all the perilla oil groups, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and linoleic aicd concentrations were signifciantly high in all the safflower oil groups. In the fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid , PUFA concentrations were ghih but MUFA concentrations were low. In the triglyceride component, MUFA were some more than saturated fatty acid (SFA) . In the cholesteryl ester component, MUFa concentrations were significantly high. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid components, linholeic acid was high in the PUFA and so it was major fatty acid. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) of phospholipid component in liver was significantly high.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.310-314
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• 2012

Thirty-two different volatile oils were identified from Allomyrina dichotoma (A. dichotoma) larvae by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major volatile components were 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-carboxyisopropyl pentanoic acid isobutyl ester (5.83%), phenol,2,6-bis(a,a-dimethyl ethyl)-4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) (5.72%), heptacosane (5.49%) and phenol,2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) (5.47%). The composition of the fatty acids in A. dichotoma larvae was also determined by gas chromatography (GC) and fourteen constituents were identified. Oleic acid (19.13%) was the most abundant fatty acid followed by palmitic acid (12.52%), palmitoleic acid (3.71%) and linoleic acid (2.08%) in 100 g of A. dichotoma larvae on a dry weight basis. The quantity of unsaturated fatty acids (64.00%) were higher than that of saturated ones (36.00%). The predominant fatty acids in A. dichotoma consist of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, 57.70%) such as oleic acid, myristoleic acid and palmitoleic acid, followed by saturated fatty acids (36.00%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 6.50%). In particular, the presence of essential fatty acids, such as linoleic (5.30%) and linolenic acid (0.40%) give A. dichotoma larvae considerable nutritional and functional value and it may be a useful source for food and/or industrial utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.617-626
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• 1992

This study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding mixed oils of the sardine oil containing n-3 EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and the safflower oil in which were plenty of n-6 linoleic acid, on the fatty acid metabolism of serum and liver in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. Experimental oils mixed with 16% butter(control group), 8% butter + 8% olive oil and 8% butter with various level of sardine and safflower oils were administered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 4 weeks. In the fatty acid compositions of serum phospholipid, triglyceride and cholesteryl ester, according as the contents of mixed safflower oil increased, n-3 PUFA(polyunsaturated fatty acid) contents and ratio of EPA/AA(arachidonic acid) tended to be decreased, but n-6 PUFA contents and ratio of AA/PUFA tended to be increased. In the fatty acid composition of triglyceride component in liver lipid, DHA contents were most in the liver lipid. And components of cholesteryl ester, n-6 linoleic acid contents were high percentage. Fatty acid compositions of serum and liver lipids were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2008

Biodiesel is an alternative and renewable energy source, which is hoped to reduce global dependence on petroleum and environmental problem. Biodiesel produced from a variety of oil sources such as vegetable oil, animal fat and waste oils, and has properties similar to those associated with petro-diesel, including cetane number, volumetric heating value, flash point, viscosity and so on. In this study, we investigate the effect of quality of raw materials on alkali-catalyzed transesterification for producing of biodiesel. The increase of content of free fatty acid and water in oil were caused the sharp decrease of conversion yield. Also, the low purity of methanol in reactant was inhibited the reaction rate. In the case of addition of sodium sulfate as absorbent to prepare catalyst solution, the content of fatty acid methyl ester in product was increased more about 1.6% than that of control. However, the addition of zeolite, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate as absorbent in reactant to remove water generated from reaction did not show any enhancement in the reaction yield. This result may provide useful information with regard to the choice and preparation of raw materials for more economic and efficient biodiesel production.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1399-1409
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• 2019

Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly liquid biofuel for transportation. Insect is considered as a new valuable biomass to convert into biodiesel. In particular, BSF(Black Soldier Fly) containing high fat is a renewable source of biodiesel. Biodiesel drived BSF has high concentration of saturated fatty acid methyl ester and low concentration of polyunsaturted fatty acid methyl ester which makes it potentially an ideal substrate for producing excellent quality biodiesel. Most of the fuel properties of BSF biodiesel were met the requirements of standard EN 14214. BSF have a higher lipid yield and biodiesel productivity as compared to microalgae and vegetable oils. This review paper includes the overall summary and compilation of the insect research conducted on biodiesel production and includes the BSF biodiesel properties.