• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.439-454
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore Korean divorced mothers' experiences of noncustodial fathers' involvement in children's lives after divorce and co-parenting relationships. The data were collected from 17 mothers who were divorced between the years of 2004 and 2009, and were raising at least one minor child. Data were analyzed based on the inductive data analysis method. Divorced mothers' experiences of noncustodial fathers' involvement in children's lives after divorce were categorized in three ways: a satisfactory on-going relationship, a dissatisfactory on-going relationship, and a discontinued relationship. The results show that a few mothers were satisfied with the degree of the fathers' involvement in the children's lives 1) if the fathers were interested in their children and responsive to their children, and 2) if the fathers paid either child support or provided some financial supports for their children based on the fathers' financial abilities. However, the majority of the mothers were dissatisfied with the degree of the fathers' involvement in the children's lives. While some of the mothers maintained a relationship with the children's fathers despite their dissatisfaction, others discontinued the relationship. Regarding the co-parenting relationship after divorce, the relationships with the fathers were classified as either cooperative relationships or uncooperative relationships. The majority of the mothers experienced difficulties establishing cooperative co-parenting relationships with the fathers, but three mothers had cooperative relationships. The reasons for these uncooperative relationships were: uncooperative fathers, uncooperative mothers, or ambiguous communication regarding parenting after divorce. These findings suggest parenting education for divorced parents.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine in more depth how community fatherhood programs affected the lives of fathers and their families through the FGI(focus group interview) after the end of the programs. Five father participation programs from four Healthy Family and Multicultural Family Support Centers were selected for this research. Focus groups with 3-5 individuals for each program were conducted, with a total sample size of 20 people. Using content analysis, 16 concepts were extracted and classified into seven categories and two sub-topics. Finally, based on these results, this study developed a series of suggestions for the planning of father participation programs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.1 s.79
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• pp.141-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of lives and problems of 'Kirogi'(or Wild Goose) fathers, who were called fathers in the 'Kirogi' families, South Korean families separated by an ocean. They almost sent too much money that were $50-100\%$ of their family income to the families abroad, and got economic pressures so severely. More or less, they sold their own real estates, moved to much smaller sized house. and often expended the saving money. Also, they had difficulties of taking care of their children and felt lonely very much. By the hand, they might experience the adaptation process through 3 stages-troubles, acception(or wandering or enjoy), adjust (or violation). They had three types of problems, that is, family relationship problem(the isolation), psychological problem(loneliness and self-control), economic problem (financial pressure and drop of economic status). They found the strategies to overcome these problems for themselves. Firstly, they took lots of methods like email, internet chatting, phone, etc. to communicate with their family everyday and made many events to strengthen the ties among families. Secondly, they got rid of stresses mainly by joining with their colleagues at work. Finally, they decided to lower the standard of living of their family in foreign country or tried to find their wives' jobs to prevent the financial hardship.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

Using a subsample of 3,409 unmarried smothers and their children from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, the present study examined the cross-lagged effects of unmarried fathers' involvement on their children's behavior problems. Father involvement was used as a latent variable to measure the frequency of fathers' visits to the child, fathers' instrumental support, and their supportive parenting. Both variables of father involvement and child behavior problems were repeatedly measured at child ages 3, 5, and 9 to estimate their trends over time. The results indicated that fathers' more active engagement in parenting at child ages 3 to 5 reduced behavior problems in children at ages 5 to 9. Further discussions include programs and services to support unmarried fathers through education and training opportunities for effective parenting, relationship skills, and conflict resolutions as well as policy strategies to encourage their continuous involvement in the lives of their children.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.21-39
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the learning competencies of students at a college from September 1 to November 30, 2017, in an effort to provide some information on how to foster learning competencies in college years, which lay the foundation for work and social lives. 1. The learning competencies of the subjects consisted of academic vision, student identity, cognitive regulation, emotional regulation, learning management and creating learning environments. Out of five points, they scored the highest in academic vision and student identity with 3.34, followed by learning management with 3.20, creating learning environments with 3.18, emotional regulation with 3.16 and cognitive regulation with 3.14. 2. There were statistically significant differences in academic vision according to age, the area of major, the academic credential of their fathers, commuting time, military service experience and career plans. 3. There were statistically significant differences in student identity and cognitive regulation according to gender, age, the area of major, the academic credential of their fathers, commuting time, military service experience and career plans. 4. There were statistically significant differences in emotional regulation according to age, the area of major, the academic credential of their fathers, commuting time, career plans and daily mean study hours. 5. There were statistically significant differences in learning management according to gender, age, the area of major, grade point average, the academic credential of their fathers, career plans and daily mean study hours. 6. There were statistically significant differences in creating learning environments according to gender, age, the area of major, the academic credential of fathers, commuting time, career plans and daily mean study hours. As they were poorest at the cognitive regulation area among the areas of learning competencies, self-directed learning programs that deal with how to study, learning process, how to take notes and arrange them, how to link different pieces of acquired knowledge and how to map out study plans should be developed to give support to students.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 2013

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how divorced mothers had decided to take custody of their children and became single mothers. The experiences of their lives after divorce were also explored. Data were collected from 17 Korean divorced mothers who were divorced between 2004 and 2009, and were raising at least one minor child. The data were analyzed based on the phenomenological data analysis method. Three main themes were identified: (a) reasons for deciding to have physical custody of the children, (b) mothers' experiences of adjustment after divorce, and (c) mothers' need for a policy concerning the well-being of their families. According to the divorced mothers, they decided to have physical custody of the children since they believed raising children was their natural duty of mothers or they were the most appropriate ones to raise the children rather than the fathers. While the mothers were satisfied with their lives after divorce in general, they also experienced difficulties including child care and financial strain. In particular, most mothers experienced work-family conflict related to the lack of reliable child care. When their family lives and work lives collided, the mothers put their children first and chose jobs that helped them take care of their children at the same time. The divorced single mothers hoped that the social safety net for single parents would expand to support their independence. Implications for single-parent policy are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 1980

This study aims to find out and analyze the Various Problems of children of divorcee's and Compare them with that of the children of married parents. The subjects used for this study were 3,975 4~6 graders aged 9~13 enrolled in seven different Primary Schools located in seoul and Jeonju. To begin with, everybody in seven Classed were requested to respond to a questionnaire in order to Select the Children of divorcee's. When 60 children were selected, each Child was interviewed as well as asked to check questionnaire Concerning their daily life problems and feelings about them. When the data were analyzed, the following results were Obtained. 1) Children lives were affected by their parental divorce in various ways, but particularly so in their school lives. However, boys seemed to be affected less than the girls. 2) Either Separated from father or mother, generally the girls seemed to suffer more than the boys. Especially the girls separated from fathers were affected in school life and peer-relationships and the girls Separated from mother were affected in emotional problems and peer-relationships 3) Children of single parents seemed to be affected more in school lives, whereas th, children of remarried Parents Seemed to be affected in peer-problems. Again, the girls were more affected than boys. 4) Children whose parents were divorced when they were still in pre-school age seemed to suffer more than than those in the school age.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of adolescents' relationships with intimate and important people in their lives who are seniors to them. A sample of 1,220 adolescents was surveyed with a questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on perceived support from non-parental senior figures as well as on adolescents' self-esteem. The results showed that. (a) Adolescents perceived their relatives to be more important than their teachers. (b) Male adolescents perceived support from a larger number of relatives than their female counterparts, whereas female adolescents perceived more support from their close senior figures than their male counterpart. (c) Adolescents' perception of support was different by their father's occupational status. (d) Overall, male adolescents's self-esteem was higher than female adolescents. The adolescents whose fathers held higher-status occupations had higher self-esteem than the adolescents whose fathers held lower-status occupations. (e) Male adolescents' self-esteem was affected by their GPA, father's occupational status, and the number of seniors whom they met on internet, and the amount of perceived support. Female adolescents' self-esteem was affected by father's occupational status and the amount of perceived support.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.107-133
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• 2010

This research identified the normal structures of separated families, "wild-geese families"(husbands living in Korea apart from their wives and children who are studying abroad) as we called, in Korea. In particular, this study conducted in-depth interview, using qualitative research method, with 7 wild-geese fathers (fathers who are in order to understand their experiences of separated families. The research findings classified the wild-geese father's experiences into three phases which as "decision-making," "initial," and "maintenance." These phases can be described by five higher factors. First of all, in the phase of decision-making "internal or external needs of children studying abroad at early age" was found to be a crucial factor. Liberation and deficiency as results of separation" mainly described the initial phase. In the phase of maintenance, families experience "exhausted solitary lives," "filling up the families' empty space," and "double jeopardy-worry about both reunifying the family or separating the family, as the longer they are separated."

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2012

Despite the fact that Muslims are fast becoming part of the world population, they are the least known group. Moreover, Muslims have been seriously misunderstood and negatively perceived because of several tragic events related to terrorist attacks or wars in the Middle East countries. In this light, the current study examined how parenting values and practices varied by importance of religion, gender, and generation, based on the questionnaire data collected from 312 Muslim fathers and mothers living in Jakarta, Indonesia. The most salient result of this study was that the religion was at the center of everyday lives. The importance of religion in their lives clearly translated in their parenting styles by engaging in religious practices with their children. At the same time, Muslim parents in Indonesia had a high level of expectation for their children's education and making happy family life as well as being faithful as Muslim. This study contributed to promoting cultural sensitivity towards Muslims by examining Indonesian Muslim parents' parenting values and practices.