• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of dietary calcium(Ca) level on colonic mucosal levels of cell proliferation, 1, 2-diacylglycerol(DAG), TXB2, PGE2 and phospholipid fatty acid composition which have been known as biomarkers for colon cancer. One hundred male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into two fat type groups. Each group of which was further divided into two Ca level groups. Each rt was intramuscularly injected with 1, 2,-dimenthylhydrazine(DMH) for 6 weeks (total dose of 180mg/kg body weight) and simultaneously fed one of four experimental diets containing 15% dietary fat(corn oil or perilla oil )and 0.3% or 1.0% Ca by weight for 20 weeks. Compared to corn oil, perilla oil significantly reduced cell proliferation by decreasing labeling index, proliferating zone, crypt length in colonic mucosa and colonic mucosa and colonic mucosal levels of DAG, TXB2 . PGE2 and phospolipid (PL) arachidonic acid distribution. The effect of Ca on biomarketrs was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed . Ca effect of Ca on biomarkers was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed. Ca effect was not significantly shown in the PO group, but it was significant in the CO group in which high Ca(1.0%) decreased the levels of levels of PL-C20 : 4(%), DAG and PGE2 . However , high Ca supplementation had shown only the trends of improving cell proliferation. Overall , high dietary Ca significantly reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoid and DAG with reduced distribution of PL-C20 : 4 , which may have resulted in lower activation of PKC through reduced signal transduction. Since a high level of dietary Ca was more effective in reducing the risk factor against colon cancer in corn oil fed rats, it could be suggested that a higher amount of dietary Ca be consumed , especially when more vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid is included in the diet.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1600-1605
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• 2008

본 연구는 에스트로겐 생성효소 유전자인 아로마테이즈 유전자의 siRNA를 이용하여 지방전구세포인 3T3-L1 세포의 지방세포 분화 시 나타나는 유전자의 발현을 검증하기 위하여 수행하였다. 먼저, CYP19A1 (aromatase)의 유전자로부터 siRNA를 3쌍을 디자인하고 이를 지방세포의 전구세포인 3T3-L1세포에 유전자 전이 한 후 분화 유도를 통하여 지방세포 생성의 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 비만의 원인 유전자인 렙틴 유전자의 발현 억제를 유도할 수 있었으며 특이적으로 인슐린과의 연관성이 매우 높음을 밝혀 낼 수 있었다. 그리고 비만 또는 백색지방 생성 시 발현이 억제되는 adiponectin과 adipsin의 과발현을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이 결과를 통하여 지방생성의 모든 신호전달체계 중 특정 한 물질을 저해 하므로써 큰 부작용 없이 비만의 문제가 되는 지방생성을 일정 정도 제어 할 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러므로 이 결과는 앞으로 에스트로겐 결핍 또는 과발현에 의하여 문제가 되는 지방생성 메커니즘을 밝히는 연구에 중요한 단서가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.524-533
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• 2023

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for aging and many diseases, and the disorder of lipid metabolism makes it prominent. This study aims to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on aging, lipid metabolism and stress resistance Methods: Rg1 was administered to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) cultured in NGM or GNGM. The lifespan, locomotory activity, lipid accumulation, cold and heat stress resistance and related mRNA expression of the worms were examined. Gene knockout mutants were used to clarify the effect on lipid metabolism of Rg1. GFP-binding mutants were used to observe the changes in protein expression Results: We reported that Rg1 reduced lipid accumulation and improved stress resistance in C. elegans. Rg1 significantly reduced the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes and lipid metabolism-related genes in C. elegans. However, Rg1 did not affect the fat storage in fat-5/fat-6 double mutant or nhr-49 mutant. Combined with network pharmacology, we clarified the possible pathways and targets of Rg1 in lipid metabolism. In addition, Rg1-treated C. elegans showed a higher expression of anti-oxidative genes and heat shock proteins, which might contribute to stress resistance Conclusion: Rg1 reduced fat accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism via nhr-49 and enhanced stress resistance by its antioxidant effect in C. elegans.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2010

Obesity-induced disorders contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, fatty liver diseases, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of aloe formula in high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6N mice. Male mice fed HFD for 28 weeks received a supplement of aloe formula, PAG, ALS, Aloe QDM, and an Aloe QDM complex for a further 8 weeks and were then compared with regular diet fed mice. After the experimental period, the blood glucose levels of the Aloe QDM complex-and PGZ-supplemented mice were significantly lower than those of the HFD-fed mice. Aloe formula, especially the Aloe QDM complex, and the PGZ treatment group profoundly affected the IPGTT and HOMA-IR. Immunochemistry was done for the morphological observation and the resulting sizes of adipocytes around the epididymis were significantly decreased when comparing the aloe formula-treated and HFD-fed groups. Further, aloe formula decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis enzymes and led to reduced hepatic steatosis in both liver and WAT. These results suggest that supplementation of Aloe QDM complex in the HFD-fed mice improved insulin resistance by lowering blood glucose levels and reducing adipocytes. Our data suggest that dietary aloe formula reduces obesity-induced glucose tolerance by suppressing fatty acid synthesis in the WAT and liver, both of which are important peripheral tissues affecting insulin resistance. The Aloe QDM complex could be used as a nutritional intervention against T2D.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.1328-1334
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• 2010

카놀라유와 대두극도경화유를 기질로 이용하여 저트랜스 스프레드 제조 시에 사용할 수 있는 LTSF을 효소적 interesterification 반응을 이용하여 합성하였고, 제조된 LTSF의 온도별 SFC 함량, 반응 후 TAG 조성의 변화 및 결정형을 살펴보았다. DSC를 이용한 SFC 분석결과, LTSF와 시중에서 유통되는 스프레드로부터 획득한 고체지간에 약 $20{\sim}35^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 유사한 고체지 함량을 보임에 따라 합성된 LTSF는 적합한 물성을 가지는 스프레드 제조 시에 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. LTSF의 지방산 조성은 C18:0 (29.2 wt%), C18:1(41.8 wt%), C18:2(13.3 wt%)가 전체 지방산 조성의 80% 이상 구성되어 있으며, 총 트랜스 지방산(${\Sigma}TFA$)의 함량은 시중 유통 스프레드 고체지보다 훨씬 적은 0.2 wt%로 미량 검출되었다. Sn-2 position에 분포된 지방산 조성은 C18:0(31.5 wt%), C18:1(41.4 wt%), C18:2(12.1 wt%)로 구성되었고, sn-1,3 position에 위치한 지방산 조성도 C18:0(28.1 wt%), C18:1(42.1 wt%), C18:2(13.9 wt%)로 구성되었다. Reversed-phase HPLC 분석결과, 카놀라유는 LOO와 OOO로 구성되어 있었으며, 대두극도경화유는 PSS와 SSS의 주된 TAG 조성을 나타내었다. 두 기질을 사용하여 대량 합성된 LTSF의 반응 전후 TAG 조성을 비교해 보면, LOO와 OOO, SSS는 반응 후 그 수치가 줄어든 반면, SOL과 SOO는 각각 2.3에서 19.4 area%로, 0.5에서 26.4 area%로 증가하였으며, 새로운 TAG로서 POS/PSP와 SOS가 각각 12.6 area%와 16.5 area% 정도 생성되었다. LTSF의 결정형태를 알아보기 위하여 polarized light microscopy와 x-ray diffraction 분석을 수행한 결과, 결정크기는 작고 조밀하여 부드러운 조직감을 나타낼 것으로 생각되며 일반적으로 마가린이 $\beta$'형일 때 바람직하다고 보고 된 바와 같이, 합성한 LTSF은 $\beta$형도 공존하지만 $\beta$'형이 우세하게 나타내어 스프레드의 물성에 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2003

We describe here the cloning of a cDNA encoding putative calreticulin (CRT) from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The CRT cDNA comprised of 1,194 bp encoding 398 amino acid residues. B. mori. CRT has a HDEL sequence at the end of the C-domain. The B. morl, CRT showed 88% protein sequence identity to the G. mellonella CRT, 71 % to A. aegypti CRT, and 63% to H. sapiens CRT, Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences of the B. mori CRT formed a highly inclusive subgroup with other insect CRTs. Northern blot analysis exhibited an expression of the B. mori CRT gene in the fat body, evidencing the fat body as a major site for CRT synthesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 1994

To study the relationship between certain hormones and metabolites and between hormones and milk yield during different stage of lactation, six lactating Karan Swiss cows and six Murrah buffaloes were maintained. Growth hormone, insulin, $T_3$, $T_4$, glucose, BHBA, NEFA and milk yield were studied. Highly negative relationship of growth hormone with insulin and triiodothyronine in cows and marginally negative in buffaloes suggest that insulin and triiodothyronine aid in the process of partitioning of nutrients towards milk production through reducing the demands of nutrients by peripheral tissue. The significant and negative correlation of growth hormone with dry matter intake in both the species suggest that the availability of nutrients from the digestive tract play a role in the regulation of growth hormone secretion. Positive relationship of growth hormone with non esterified fatty acids in both the species suggest that high growth hormone levels may result in fat mobilization and thereby increase the availability of energy precursors for milk synthesis. Insulin was negatively correlated with milk yield and lactose content and positively with milk fat and protein but the degree of relationship varied. In both the species the relationship between triiodothyronine and milk yield was negative and between thyroxine and milk yield was positive. However, it was significant only in cows and not in buffaloes. Thyroxine was positively correlated with beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids with milk yield in both the species.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권3호통권138호
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• pp.229-232
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• 2004

Chronical intake of alcohol can cause alcoholic fatty liver. Fatty liver is caused by fat infiltration: the state of high rate of fat in liver cells and by losing the balance between the synthesis and the secretion of fatty acid. It could be developed into liver necrosis and cirrhosis. Ka-Mi-Chung-Gan-Tang (KMCGT) is a decoction used for fatty liver as oriental medicines in China. The prescription is composed of Ginseng Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Pinelliae Tuber, Artemisiae capillaris Herba, Gardeniae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zizyphi Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix etc. We have induced alcoholic fatty liver by ethanol administration (6 g/kg, single dose/day, for a week) on rats and observed changes of triglyceride, cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of them. Also we checked the activities of GOT and GPT in blood of rats. KMCGT inhibited significantly the increase of triglyceride, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation level and effectively the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA).

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2014

The synthesis of octenyl succinyl ${\beta}$-gucan (OSA-${\beta}$-glucan) was carried out and its interfacial properties at the oil-water interface and in emulsion systems were investigated. An aqueous ethanol system as a reaction media was used to facilitate the synthesis process; 10% (w/w) ethanol found to be the best as it showed a maximum degree of substitution (DS: 0.0132). FT-IR showed a characteristic absorption spectrum at $1736cm^{-1}$, indicating the esterification of octenyl succinyl groups to ${\beta}$-glucan backbone. As for interfacial tension measurements, it was decreased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in the aqueous phase and when NaCl was added to aqueous OSA-${\beta}$-glucan solution in the range of 0.01 M to 0.1 M and also when pH was raised (pH 3 ~ pH 9). In systems of emulsion stabilized with OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, fat globule size found to decrease with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, showing a critical value of about $0.32{\mu}m$ at 0.5 wt%. When the OSA-${\beta}$-glucan emulsions were stored, it was found that fat globule size was increased with storage time and particularly pronounced increase was observed in emulsion with 1% OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, possibly due to depletion flocculation. Results of creaming stability evaluated by light scattering technique showed that it was more stable in emulsions containing smaller fat globule size. Surface load of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in emulsions increased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, suggesting a multilayer adsorption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2009

Fat composition of beef, taken here to mean marbling, can be manipulated by time on feed, finishing diet, and breed type. These three factors also strongly influence the fatty acid composition of beef. Both the amount of marbling and the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increase with time on feed in grain-fed and pasture-fed cattle, but much more dramatically in grain-fed cattle. High-concentrate diets stimulate the activity of adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which is responsible for the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to their $\Delta{9}$ desaturated counterparts. Also, grain feeding causes a depression in ruminal pH, which decreases those populations of ruminal microorganisms responsible for the isomerization and hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The net result of elevated SCD activity in marbling adipose tissue and depressed ruminal isomerization/hydrogenation of dietary PUFA is a large increase in MUFA in beef over time. Conversely, pasture depresses both the accumulation of marbling and SCD activity, so that even though pasture feeding increases the relative concentration of PUFA in beef, it also increases SFA at the expense of MUFA. Wagyu and Hanwoo cattle accumulate large amounts of marbling and MUFA, and Wagyu cattle appear to be less sensitive to the effects of pastures in depressing overall rates of adipogenesis and the synthesis of MUFA in adipose tissues. There are small differences in fatty acid composition of beef from Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle, but diet and time on feed are much more important determinants of beef fat content and fatty acid composition than breed type.