• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2006

To study the correlation between body composition values and practice of the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted with 378 female college students living in four Korean cities in December 2005. Among the student subjects, 98 were analyzed for body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio(WHR), body mass index(BMI) and obesity degree using Inbody 3.0(Biospace Co, Seoul, Korea). Percent body fat was at a high level of 54.1 %, WHR was at a high level of 58.2% and BMI was at a high level of 41.8%. However, both weight and body fat were below normal at 79.5% and 77.6%, respectively. Percent body fat, WHR, and BMI were slightly negatively correlated with vegetable consumption, but slightly positively correlated with beer intake. WHR > 0.8 was significantly negatively correlated with exercise. Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life was practiced to and above normal level by 64.6% of the female college students. However, female college students who are within the normal range of body composition value should notice that obesity will relate to abdominal or visceral fat on their body.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-obesity effects of fermented kochujang supplement in C57BL/6J mice. Thirty mice were divided into 3 groups; normal diet control group (ND), high fat diet control group (HD), and high fat diet plus kochujang supplemented group (HDK). Results were as follows: 1. Fennented kochujang supplement in high fat diet decreased body weight and epidydimal and back fat weight compared to non-supplement in HD group. 2. Lipid content and blood glucose level were lower in HDK group than HD group. 3. Fermented kochujang supplement increased mRNA level of lipolytic genes such as acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and uncoupling proteins-1 (UCP-1) expression, whereas decreased mRNA level of adipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) expression. These findings suggest that fermented kochujang supplement in high fat diet normalized body weight, epididymal and back fat weight, lipid content, and blood glucose levels through controlling lipid metabolism and provides basic information on the control of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.858-864
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• 2001

The study was designed to observe an antioxidant activities of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) in rat liver by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes(superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) and the levels of tocopherol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS). Male Sprague Dawley rats at weeks-old were divided into groups according to the types of dietary fat(beef tallow and fish oil) and then each group was subdivided into groups depending on CLA supplement. All rats were fed experimental diet containing 12% total fat including 1% CLA by weight for 30 weeks. CLA supplemented to beef tallow diet did not have significant effect on the level of TBARS and tocopherol. The level of TBARS was significantly increased in fish oil diet(highly unsaturated fat diet), but its level was significantly reduced by increasing SOD and GSH-Px activities when CLA was supplemented to fish oil diet so that CLA showed a sparing action of tocopherol in tissue. CLA did not have significant effect on peroxisomal catalase activities, but its activity was significantly increased when TBARS production was high in the fish oil diet. CLA could be incorporated into phospholipid of microsomal membrane, and interfered the conversions of C18 : 0 into C18 : 1 and C18 : 2 into C20 : 4 in liver. In conclusion, CLA had an antioxidant activities depending on the type of fat in diet. Therefore, it could be recommended to use CLA when highly unsaturated fat was used in meal preparation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.617-627
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• 1992

This study was attempted to observe the possibility of body fat distribution and fasting serum insulin as potential predictive factors for obesity and energy intake. Subjects participated in this study were seventeen pairs of upper body type women and lower body type women whose age weight BMI daily energy expenditure per body weight were equally matched, Waist to hip girth ratio(WHR) was measured as a criteria of body fat distribution. Comparison of eating behavior between upper body type and lower body type women did not show any significant differences in meal size meal duration and energy intake per minute While serum free fatty acid level was lower in upper body type women percentage of body fat and fasting serum insulin triglycerde level of upper body type women were statistically higher than those of lower body type women(p<0.05) Our data may indicate the possibility that sympathetic nervous system activity was suppressed in upper body type women which needs ti be examined in future studies. In addition since the upper body type women were dieting over the period of survey with the intention of weigh loss we can conclude that upper body type women had larger variabilities than lower body type women in terms of daily energy intake level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.787-793
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of kochujang and red pepper on energy intake, body fat content and energy expenditure in rats fed on high-fat(30%) diet. Kochujang and red pepper power were added in the high-fat diet, adjusting the level to 95 and 22g/kg diet, respectively, The level of red pepper addition was corresponding was corresponding to the level of the content of red pepper powder in the kichujang-added diet. Kochujang induced a 30% reduction in body fat gain which was associated with a significant increase in energy expenditure. However, red pepper reduced body fat gain by only 15%. Furthermore, energy expenditure was not affected by red pepper. Metabolizable energy intake, apparent digestibility and body protein gain were not affected by either kochujang or red pepper. It has been known that capsaicin, a pungent component of red pepper, enhances activity of brown adipose tissue through increasing protein content. In the present study, in addition of protein content, DNA content of interscapular brown adipose tissue was also increased by kochujang. Therefore, it appeared that the anti-obesity effects of kochujang was greater than those of red pepper, indicating more than red pepper was involved in the expression of the anti-obesity effects of kochujang(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 787-793, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1060-1069
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• 2002

High insulin level is known to be a risk factor of coronary heart disease. High insulin level with normal glycemic control is known to be an indicator for insulin resistance. This study was aimed to find out the influencing factors for the fasting serum insulin levels in elderly females with normal glycemic control. One hundred thirty-eight older females aged over 60 years without diabetes medication and high blood HBA1c level were examined on the serum fasting insulin concentration, anthropometry and asked about nutrient intake and exercise habits. The elderly were categorized into 3 group according to the fasting insulin level. The high insulin group was in a state of hyperinsulinemia. Except vitamin C, the nutrient intakes showed no difference according to fasting serum insulin level. But the intakes of calorie and protein per kg body weight were significantly lower in the high insulin group. The intakes of most nutrients except vitamin B$_1$, C and niacin were lower than the korean RDA in all the insulin group. Especially, the intakes of vitamin B$_1$ and Ca were below 75% of the korean RDA. Weight, BMI, body fat percent, body fat mass and fat-free mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR of elderly females were significantly higher in the group with the highest insulin level. The body fat percent in the highest insulin group was 35.8%. showing a state of obesity. The high insulin group showed higher proportion of low exercise frequencies per week and short exercise duration. Therefore, the mean energy expenditure for exercise were lower in this group, showing a state of very low exercise activity. Age and waist circumference in elderly females could explain to the 14.5% variances of the fasting insulin level according to multiple stepwise regression. It can be concluded that aging and central body fat deposition influence independently the serum fasting insulin level in elderly females with normal glucose level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.136-145
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• 1981

This study was designed to observe the effects of both control and atherogenic diets on the cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in serum and liver of adult rats fed diets supplying two levels of dietary fat and two different sources of dietary protein in early life. For the first experimental period, the rats were assigned into the four diet groups: High fat, casein (HC); High fat, gluten (HG); Low fat, casein (LC): Low fat, gluten (LG). Each group was subdivided into control and atherogenic groups for the second experimental period. Cholesterol and TG were determined in serum and liver after 7 hr fasting. The body weight gain was greater in the rats of the casein groups than those of the gluten groups tut not influenced by the level of the dietary fat. The difference in body weight from the quality of dietary protein in the first period was not disappeared even after the second period. After the first period, higher serum cholesterol was observed in the rats fed either casein or high fat diets. With the second experimental diet, rats fed atherogenic diet showed higher serum cholesterol concentration but lower serum TG levels compared to those fed control diet, regardless the diets fed in the first period. Serum cholesterol level of the rats of both groups which had been fed high fat diets in early life was increased compared to those of the low fat diet groups. This effect was more pronounced with the atherogenic diet groups than control groups. However, no differences were found in serum cholesterol levels resulted from the different types of dietary protein fed in the first period. Serum TG concentration was not influenced by the quality of protein and level of fat in the diet but seemed to be mere affected by the amount of carbohyrates in the diet. Liver cholesterol per unit weight was greater in the gluten diet groups than in the casein groups but total cholesterol was higher in casein fed rats. There were no differences in liver TG among the groups.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of silybin on body weight and glucose tolerance in mice fed high fat diet mice. We found that body weight, plasma TG contents, fat size, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in silybin (500 mg/kg) supplemented groups compared to high fat diet group. Whereas, total food intake was not changed between high fat diet group and high fat diet plus silybin group. Futhermore, supplement of high fat elevated the glucose intolerance and was improved in silybin supplement group. Finally, we examined the effect of silybin on circulating adipocytokine level to explore the possible mechanism by which silybin improves high fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes. The silybin supplement significantly reduced the level of adipocytokine, such as leptin, resistin, IL-6, and MCP-1 induced by high fat diet. These results suggest that silybin can be used to improve obesity and diabetes.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2000

Objectives : Chekamuiyiin-tang has effects of promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation, elimating phlegm and strengthening the body's resistance to disease. We experimented with Chekamuiyiin-tang in order to find effects which might possibly cure obesity. Methods : We fed a control group of rats a high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks. And we fed an experimental group of rats a high fat diet and administered an extract of Chekamuiyiin-tang for 8weeks. Results : The serum total cholesterol level, triglyceride level, free fatty acid level, total lipid level and phospholipid level in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control group. The serum HDL-cholesterol level in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed no change in comparison with the control group. The serum LDL-cholesterol level in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed a decrease in comparison with the control group, but this result showed no efficacy. The size of the epididymal fat cell and the fat drops area in the hepatic lobule of rats in the Chekamuiyiin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control group. Conclusios : According to the above results, Chekamuiyiin-tang has shown to be capable of curing and preventing obesity.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exercise training on blood and metabolic variances and genes expressions in hyperlipidemic rats. Three weeks-old male rats were randomly assigned into chow (n=7), high-fat diet (HF, n=7) and HF+exercise (HF+EX, n=7) groups. Exercise training consisted of the treadmill running 5 times per week during 8 weeks (0% grade, 30 min/time for first 4 weeks and 0% grade, 60 min/time the other 4weeks). The levels of triglyceride and total -cholesterol were increased in HF diet compared with chow group, and recovered to level of chow group by exercise training. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased by 40 and 50%, respectively in HF diet compared with chow diet group, and these increases returned to the level of chow group by exercise training (p<.05). Body weight and abdominal fat mass were increased by high-fat diet compared with chow diet, and recovered to level of chow group by exercise training. Long-chain fatty acid oxidation rate and AMPK protein expression was not changed by HF diet, but increased by exercise training compared with high-fat diet (p<.05). UCP3 protein expression was not changed by either high-fat diet or exercise training compared with chow group. There was high correlation between plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations(p<.01). Plasma triglyceride or total cholesterol level showed correlation with following factors; plasma insulin and glucose levels, body weight, abdominal fat weight, UCP3 protein expression and long-chain fatty acid oxidation rate. These results showed that exercise training on the treadmill recovered hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet for 8 weeks. These exercise effects may be related with decreased body weight and abdominal fat mass, and increased long-chain fatty acid oxidation rate.