• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.6-16
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• 2019

본 연구는 솔잎착즙액이 고지방식이로 이상지질혈증을 유도한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실험동물을 정상식이 (ND)군, 고지방식이군으로 나누어 각각의 식이를 4주간 급여한 후 고지방식이군을 설기떡 (SD)군 및 솔잎착즙액설기떡 (PSD)군으로 분류하여 6주간 사육하고, 혈장과 간 및 분변의 지질관련 지표를 분석하였다. PSD군은 설기떡 섭취에 의해 유의하게 높아진 체중증가량을 유의하게 낮추었으며 (p < 0.05), 설기떡 섭취에 의해 유의하게 높아진 혈장 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤을 낮추는 경향을 나타내었다 (p > 0.05). 간 조직과 분변의 지질대사 관련 지표를 분석한 결과 PSD군은 설기떡 섭취에 의해 ND군보다 유의하게 높아진 간 조직의 중성지방 및 총 콜레스테롤과 간 조직의 SREBP2 유전자 발현을 유의하게 낮추는 효과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 또한 PSD군은 SD군보다 분변으로 배출되는 중성지방 함량을 14.8% 높였으며 (p > 0.05), 혈장과 간의 지질과산화를 SD군보다 각각 7.7%, 20.2% 낮추는 효과를 나타내었다 (p > 0.05). 혈장과 적혈구의 항산화활성 관련 지표를 분석한 결과 PSD군은 설기떡 섭취에 의해 낮아진 혈장 ORAC을 높이는 경향을 나타내었으며, 설기떡 섭취에 의해 유의하게 낮아진 간조직의 Mn-SOD 및 CAT 효소활성을 SD군보다 각각 21.5%, 19.6% 유의하게 높이는 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서, 고지방식이로 이상지질혈증을 유도한 흰쥐에서 솔잎착즙액설기떡의 섭취는 체중증가억제, 혈장 콜레스테롤 감소, 간 내 콜레스테롤 생합성 억제, 간 조직의 지질수준 감소, 분변으로의 지질배출 증가, 간 조직의 지질과산화 감소, 혈장과 간 조직의 항산화 활성 증가 효능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 본 연구에서 개발된 솔잎착즙액을 첨가한 설기떡은 지질 감소 효능을 가진 기능성 떡으로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.252-261
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• 2006

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of organic or inorganic acid supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts of weanling pigs. In growth trial (Exp I), a total of 100 crossbred pigs ({$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$}${\times}$Duroc), weaned at $23{\pm}2$ days of age and $7.25{\pm}0.10kg$ average initial body weight (BW), were allotted to 5 treatments by body weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Three different organic acids (fumaric [FUA], formic [FOA] or lactic acid [LAA]) and one inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid [SHA]) were supplemented to each treatment diet. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. During 0-3 wk, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G/F ratio) were not significantly different among treatments. However, pigs fed LAA or SHA diet showed improved ADG by 15 or 13% respectively and 12% greater ADFI in both treatments compared to CON diets. Moreover, compared to organic acid treatments, better ADG (p = 0.07) and ADFI (p = 0.09) were observed in SHA diet compared to pigs that were fed the diet containing organic acids (FUA, FOA or LAA). However, during 4-5 wk, no differences in ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were observed among treatments. Overall, ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were not affected by acidifier supplementation. Although it showed no significant difference, pigs fed LAA or SHA diets showed numerically higher ADG and ADFI than pigs fed other treatments. In metabolic trial (Exp II), 15 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of acidifier supplementation on nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was not improved by acidifier supplementation. Although the amount of fecal-N excretion was not different among treatments, that of urinary-N excretion was reduced in acidsupplemented treatments compared to CON group (p = 0.12). Subsequently, N retention was improved in acid-supplemented groups (p = 0.17). In anatomical trial (Exp III), the pH and $Cl^-$ concentrations of digesta in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. No detrimental effect of intestinal and lingual (taste bud) morphology was observed by acidifier supplementation particularly in inorganic acid treatment. In white blood cell assay (Exp IV), 45 pigs were used for measuring white blood cell (WBC) counts. In all pigs after LPS injection, WBC counts had slightly declined at 2 h and kept elevating at 8 h, then returned to baseline by 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, overall WBC counts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. In conclusion, there was no difference between organic and inorganic acidifier supplementation in weanling pigs' diet, however inorganic acidifier might have a beneficial effect on growth performance and N utilization with lower supplementation levels. Furthermore, inorganic acidifier had no negative effect on intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts in weanling pigs. These results suggested that inorganic acidifier might be a good alternative to organic acidifiers in weanling pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권10호
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• pp.37.1-37.10
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• 2016

Background: Providing of insufficient nutrients limits the potential growth of pig, while feeding of excessive nutrients increases the economic loss and causes environment pollution. For these reasons, phase feeding had been introduced in swine farm for improving animal production. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels and phase feeding by protein levels on growth performance, blood profiles and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 128 growing pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc), averaging $26.62{\pm}3.07kg$ body weight, were assigned in a $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement with 4 pigs per pen. The first factor was two dietary energy level (3,265 kcal of ME/kg or 3,365 kcal of ME/kg), and the second factor was four different levels of dietary protein by phase feeding (1growing(G)-2finishing(F) phases, 2G-2F phases, 2G-3F phases and 2G-3F phases with low CP requirement). Results: In feeding trial, there was no significant difference in growth performance. The BUN concentration was decreased as dietary protein level decreased in 6 week and blood creatinine was increased in 13 week when pigs were fed diets with different dietary energy level. The digestibility of crude fat was improved as dietary energy levels increased and excretion of urinary nitrogen was reduced when low protein diet was provided. Chemical compositions of longissimus muscle were not affected by dietary treatments. In backfat thickness ($P_2$) at 13 week, pigs fed high energy diet had thicker backfat thickness (P = 0.06) and pigs fed low protein diet showed the trend of backfat thinness reduction (P = 0.09). In addition, water holding capacity was decreased (P = 0.01) and cooking loss was increased (P = 0.07) as dietary protein level reduced. When pigs were fed high energy diet with low subdivision of phase feeding, days to 120 kg market weight was reached earlier compared to other treatments. Conclusion: Feeding the low energy diet and subdivision of growing-finishing phase by dietary protein levels had no significant effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Also, phase feeding with low energy and low protein diet had no negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics but economical profits was improved.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.10.1-10.11
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• 2017

Background: Transfer of pesticides from environment to animal products is inevitable, so the purpose of the present work was to evaluate phosalone consumption via feeding with or without sodium bentonite (SB) on performance, blood metabolites and its transition to milk of Iranian Baluchi sheep. Methods: Twenty Baluchi ewes were divided into four treatments (P1 as control, P2, P3, and P4) of five animals in which phosalone, an organophosphate pesticide, was given via diet (only for P2 and P3) at a dose of 280 mg/sheep/day for 63 consecutive days. The SB (32 g/sheep/day; for P3 and P4) was also evaluated for its ability to reduce deleterious effects of phosalone in the sheep diets. The control group (P1) did not receive any phosalone and SB during the experiment. Sampling was conducted in two periods of time including weeks 5 and 9. Results: Phosalone residues were observed in the milk samples of P2 and P3 groups during two sampling periods. During period 1, the transfer rate of phosalone from feed to milk was 0.23 and 0.02%, respectively for the contaminated diets (P2 and P3), which is relatively similar to period 2 (0.22 and 0.02%). Only 0.34 (period 1) and 0. 36% (period 2) of phosalone residue are excreted in the feces of P2 group following its daily consumption. Transfer of phosalone from feed to milk was affected (P < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of a commercial SB, as it (SB) decreased excretion of phosalone via milk (P3). The phosalone and SB alone or together had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight (BW) gain, but feed efficiency, milk production, milk fat, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), albumin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) affected by the treatments in period 1 or 2 (P < 0.05). The Hb, RBC, and MCHC were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by about 9.72, 20.77, and 9.71%, respectively in the group P2 as compared to those of the control group during period 1. The AChE inhibitory activity (period 1 and 2) significantly increased when phosalone administered via the diet (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although there were no adverse effects on the performance of sheep following the intake of phosalone alone (P2 vs. P1), but other research on the long and short times to the phosalone in high and low doses with more animals is suggested. Overall, compared to the control group, addition of SB in the diet of sheep improved nutrient digestibility, animal performance, and milk health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2004

A repeated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design was conducted with eight ileal cannulated castrates to examine the effect of source of starch and fiber on nutrient balance and energy metabolism. Pigs were fed on one of the four experimental diets: Control diet (C) mainly based on cooked rice; and diets P, S and W with the inclusion of either raw potato starch, sugar beet pulp or wheat bran supplementation, respectively. With the exception of an increased (p<0.05) energy loss from methane production with diet S observed, no significant differences (p>0.05) in the ratio of metabolizable energy (ME)/digestible energy, the utilization of ME for fat deposition and for protein deposition, energy loss as hydrogen and urinary energy were found between diets. The efficiency of utilization of ME for maintenance was lower (p<0.05) with diets P and S than with diet C. The inclusion of fiber sources (sugar beet pulp or wheat bran) or potato starch reduced the maintenance energy requirement. The fecal energy excretion was increased (p<0.05) with either sugar beet pulp or wheat bran supplementation, while it was unaffected (p>0.05) by addition of potato starch. In comparison with diets C and P, a lowered ileal or fecal digestibility of energy with diets S and W was observed (p<0.05). Feeding sugar beet pulp caused increased (p<0.05) daily production of methane and carbon dioxide and consequently increased energy losses from methane and carbon dioxide production, while it did not influence the daily hydrogen production (p>0.05). An increased (p<0.05) proportion of NSP excreted in feces was seen by the supplementation of wheat bran. Higher NSP intake caused an increased daily amount of NSP in the ileum, but the ileal NSP proportion as a percentage of NSP intake was unaffected by diets. Feeding potato starch resulted in increased daily amount of starch measured in the ileum and the proportion of ileal starch as a percentage of starch intake, while no significant influence on fecal starch was found. Higher (p<0.05) daily amount of fecal starch and the proportion of fecal starch as a percentage of starch intake were found with fiber sources supplementation compared with diets C and P. By increasing the dietary NSP content the fecal amount of starch increased (p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2015

Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were selected for a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement to investigate the effects of corn and soybean meal (SBM) types on rumen fermentation, N metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows. Two types of corn (dry ground [DGC] and steam-flaked corn [SFC]) and two types of SBM (solvent-extracted and heat-treated SBM) with different ruminal degradation rates and extents were used to formulate four diets with the same basal ingredients. Each period lasted for 21 days, including 14 d for adaptation and 7 d for sample collection. Cows receiving SFC had a lower dry matter (DM) and total N intake than those fed DGC. However, the milk yield and milk protein yield were not influenced by the corn type, resulting in higher feed and N utilization efficiency in SFC-fed cows than those receiving DGC. Ruminal acetate concentrations was greater and total volatile fatty acids concentrations tended to be greater for cows receiving DGC relative to cows fed SFC, but milk fat content was not influenced by corn type. The SFC-fed cows had lower ruminal ammonia-N, less urea N in their blood and milk, and lower fecal N excretion than those on DGC. Compared with solvent-extracted SBM-fed cows, cows receiving heat-treated SBM had lower microbial protein yield in the rumen, but similar total tract apparent nutrient digestibility, N metabolism measurements, and productivity. Excessive supply of metabolizable protein in all diets may have caused the lack of difference in lactation performance between SBM types. Results of the present study indicated that increasing the energy degradability in the rumen could improve feed efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

본 연구는 비육말기 돼지에서 베타사이클로덱스트린$\beta$-cyclodextrin의 급여가 돈육의 콜레스테롤 수준을 낮춘다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 120마리의 돼지에게 0, 5, 7, 10%의 $\beta$-cyclodextrin를 함유하는 사료를 35일 간 급여하였다. 혈액 총지질, 중성지방 및 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 $\beta$-cyclodextrin첨가구가 대조구에 비해서 낮게 나타났으며 처리구간 통계적인 유의차가 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈액 100 mL 당 지질은 대조구와 비교할 때 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 5.0%, $\beta$-cyclodextrin 7.0% 및 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 10.0% 첨가구에서 각각 63.22 mg, 73.98 mg, 82.12 mg의 유의적인 감소를 나타냈으며, 중성지방 56.24 mg, 55.48 mg, 60.02 mg, 총콜레스테롤 25.05 mg, 27.17 mg, 30.19 mg의 유의성 있는 감소경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 총스테로이드의 배설은 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 첨가수준이 증가할수록 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 돼지고기의 부위별, 등지방, 삼겹살, 등심 및 햄의 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조구에 비해서 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 첨가수준이 높아질수록 유의적인 감소경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 돼지고기의 콜레스테롤 함량 감소율은 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 첨가구가 대조구와 비교할 때 15.31% 이상의 높은 감소율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과는 비육말기 돼지사료 내 $\beta$-cyclodextrin를 혼합 급여하여서 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮아진 새로운 기능성 돈육을 생산할 수 있음을 시사해준다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.790-795
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• 2005

고콜레스테롤 혈증을 유도한 횐쥐에 운지버섯 균사체 배양액이 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 생후 8주령의 Sprague-Dawley계 숫쥐에 대조식이군($20\%$지방과 $0.5\%$ 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 식이), 대조식이와 운지버섯의 균사체 배양액을 음료수에 $30\%$ 및 $40\%$로 혼합 급여한 군($30\%$ 및 $40\%$ 운지버섯군)등 3군으로 나누어 6주간 사육한 결과는 다음과 같다 실험동물의 체중은 $30\%$ 및 $40\%$ 운지버섯군이 대조군에 비해 다소 감소되었으나, 식이섭취량 및 식이효율은 대조군과 운지버섯군이 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다. 간, 신장 및 부고환지방의 무게는 대조군과 운지버섯군이 비슷하였다. 간의 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 농도는 대조군에 비해 $40\%$운지버섯군이 유의하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도 및 동맥경화지수는 대조군에 비하여 $30\%$및 $40\%$ 운지버섯군이 유의하게 감소되었다 HDL-콜레스테롤/총 콜레스테롤 비율은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되었다. 변의 총 지질 및 중성지방의 배설량은 대조군에 비해 운지버섯군이 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급여한 횐쥐에 운지버섯 균사체 배양액을 $ 30\%$ 및 $40\%$ 급여시 체중을 다소 감소시키고, 간의 콜레스테롤과 중성지질, 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추는 효과가 나타났다.X>로 가슴 및 다리육의 적색도가 비슷한 경향을 나타내었고, 사육일령에 따라서는 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 가열 감량은 가슴육에서 $26.37\~28.79\%$이고 다리육은 $30.32\~31.32\%$로 다리육에서 가열감량이 $2\~4\%$ 증가한 것으로 나타내었다. 그러나, 사육일령에 따라서는 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 전단력은 가슴육에서 45일령이 $2.20\;kg/0.5inch^2$, 70일령 $2.84\;kg/0.5inch^2$로 사육일령이 증가함에 고기의 연도도 함께 증가하는 것으로 나타내었다.pH가 낮아 드립의 발생량이 많은 것으로 나타났다.am은 24시간째에 온도와 관계없이 안정한 것으로 나타났다. Ceftriaxone sodium을 TPN과 Y-site 혼합 후 1-2시간 이내에 침천이 형성되었고 Unasyn의 경우에는 12시간째에 침천이 형성되었다. 혼합액의 pH나 색상은 연구기간 동안 일정하였다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초할 때, aminophylline은 고영양수액제와 혼합가능하고 ceftriaxone과 Unasyn은 고양양수액제와 혼합시 최소 1시간 동안은 안정한 것으로 평가되었다. 부작용 없이 조사할 수 있었고, 근치적 국소요법의 일환으로 방사선 선량증가가 전체 생존기간 및 무진행 생존기간을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.: 유방암치료에서 virtual wedge는 통상 사용하는 physical wedge에 비하여 주변 연부조직선량, 반대편 유방선량, 동측 페선량 및 심장선량을 감소시켜 급, 만성 방사선 부작용의 위험을 감소시킬 수 있는 임상적으로 매우 유용한 방법이며 또한 방사선조사시간을 단축시킴으로써 선형가속기의 부하를 줄일 수

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2018

신령버섯의 자실체가 고콜레스테롤을 급여한 Sprague Dawley계 암컷 흰쥐의 지질대사와 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 생후 5주령의 흰쥐에 표준식이를 급여한 정상 식이군(NC), 정상 식이에 10%의 대두유와 1%의 콜레스테롤을 첨가하여 급여한 고콜레스테롤 식이군(HC), 고콜레스테롤 식이에 신령버섯 자실체 분말을 5% 첨가하여 급여한 군(HC+AB) 등 3개의 실험군으로 나누어 6주간 실험을 수행하였다. 실험동물의 체중증가와 식이효율은 HC에 비해 HC+AB가 유의하게 감소하여 NC와 유사한 수준을 나타냈다. 식이섭취량은 NC에 비해 HC와 HC+AB가 유의하게 낮았다. 혈청의 총콜레스테롤(TC), LDL-콜레스테롤(LDL-C), 중성지방(TG)의 농도는 HC에 비해 NC와 HC+AB가 유의하게 낮았으며 심혈관계 질환의 위험도를 나타내는 동맥경화지수(AI)와 LDL-C/HDL-C의 비율도 HC에 비해 NC와 HC+AB가 유의하게 낮았다. 혈청의 알부민, 크레아티닌, 요산 및 총단백질의 농도도 NC와 HC+AB가 HC에 비해 조금 낮았다. 간기능의 척도를 나타내는 혈청의 GOT와 GPT 효소의 활성은 NC와 HC+AB가 HC에 비해 낮았지만 유의성을 없었고, ALP의 농도는 HC에 비해 NC와 HC+AB가 유의하게 낮아서 신령버섯 자실체 분말의 급여가 흰쥐의 ALP 농도를 낮추는 효과가 있었다. 실험 5-6주 사이에 배출된 변을 채취하여 분석한 총지질과 총콜레스테롤의 양은 HC+AB가 NC와 HC에 비해 유의하게 높아 식이로 섭취한 일부의 지방과 콜레스테롤이 장에서 흡수되지 않고 변으로 배출되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 고콜레스테롤 식이에 신령버섯의 자실체 분말을 5% 수준으로 첨가하여 6주간 급여한 흰쥐의 체중, 혈청의 TC, LDL-C 및 TG의 농도와 동맥경화 수치(AI)가 정상 수준을 유지하고 지방간의 발생도 억제되는 효과가 현저히 나타나 고지방과 고콜레스테롤의 섭취에 의해 발생할 수 있는 심혈관계 질환의 예방과 개선에 신령버섯의 자실체가 효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2010

본 연구는 제한급여하는 포유모돈사료에 Aspergillus niger 유래 복합효소를 수준별로 첨가하였을 때, 무제한급여 무첨가구와 비교하여 포유모돈의 생산성, 유생산 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 처리군은 무제한급여 대조군, 제한급여군내 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08% 복합효소첨가구의 5처리구이었고, 처리구당 10두씩 총 50두의 모돈(Berkshire)을 공시하였다. 포유기간 동안 모돈당 포유자돈수는 9두로 표준화하였다. 모돈의 혈액성상을 조사하기 위하여 포유 27일차 오전사료급여 전에 전 모돈의 혈액을 채취하였다. 복합효소 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 복당이유체중, 자돈이유체 중 및 복당증체중은 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), 무제한급여 대조군과 제한급여내 첨가군 간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 복합효소 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 이유시 체평점 및 등지방두께가 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), 포유 중 등지방두께가 전반적으로 복합효소 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 적게 감소하는 경향이었다(P>0.05). 혈중 무기인의 농도는 복합효소수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), 혈중 유리지방산농도는 복합효소의 수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 유생산량은 처리군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었고, 유지방생산량은 복합효소첨가 수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 분배설량은 무제한급여군이 제한급여군보다 유의하게 높았지만(P<0.01), 제한 급여군내 복합효소수준이 증가함에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 분중 인배설량은 복합효소수준이 증가함에 따라 분내인배설량이 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 복당자돈증체대비 모돈 사료비는 복합효소수준이 증가함에 따라 무제한급여 대조군에 비하여 1.25% 내지 9.67% 절감되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 제한급여하는 포유모돈사료에 복합효소의 첨가는 포유기동안 복당 자돈생산성을 증가시켰을 뿐만 아니라 무제한 급여수준에 준하는 생산성적을 나타내어 사료비 절감효과가 나타났다. 또한 복합효소의 수준별 첨가에 따른 분중 인배설량 감소는 환경오염감소에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.