• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 2017

Coffee sludge and onion shells are known typically as waste resources as well as simultaneously being the raw material for dye having a golden brown color. This research studies the dyeability, functionality, and colors of woolen fabric after being dyed by different dyeing method using coffee sludge and onion shells extract. The woolen fabric was refined and pre-mordanted with tannin. The dyeing process conducted was single-dye, using coffee sludge and onion shells extract, sequential multi-dye, consecutively dyeing with coffee sludge and onion shells, and mixed-dye, blending coffee sludge extract and onion shells extract to dye. The dyeing was measured on the surface color, color fastness, and UV-protection ability. As a result, the expression of various hues of tan using coffee sludge and onion shells extract were shown to be possible. Additionally, single-dye, sequential multi-dye, mixed-dye had generally superiority in color fastness to light, all rating 3 and color fastness to washing, rating 3 or 4, showing relatively stable color fastness to washing. The UV protection ability was shown to be better, especially appearing satisfactory in the UV-B protection, all measured to be over 90%.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2003

The experiments about dyeing concentration, temperature and time were done using yellow, red and purple loess as natural inorganic dyes in order to verify a degree of dyeing, characteristics of color and fastness. The results were as following; 1. As a result of analyzing components of loess, purple loess was much than other loess in quartz component and coarse particles contained. This affected to the degree of dyeing. 2. The stronger dyeing concentration was, the more the degree of dyeing was improved, and yellow loess containing fine particles was the best in the degree of dyeing. 3. When it was dyed with raising up to $100^\circ{C}$ for 10 minutes after stirring for 20 minutes at $60^\circ{C}$, was better than on starting at $40^\circ{C}$ or $80^\circ{C}$ in the degree of dyeing. Also yellow loess was the best in these experiments. 4. Washing fastness of loess was low such as other natural dyes, but dyeing wasn't transferred to other textiles. On the other hand, light fastness of it was very excellent and rubbing fastness was relatively good as 3~3.5.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2019

The colorants of kale powders were optimally extracted using an 1:1 mixture solvent of ethanol and DMSO at 105℃ for 30 minutes obtaining a high yield of 359.7㎍/mL chlorophylls. Low color fastness of the dyed fabrics with the extracts, particularly against washing and solar radiation, can be overcome by the combined treatments of chitosan, heat setting and tannic acid. Washing fastness to color change was improved from rating 1-2 up to 5 due to the enhanced electrostatic interactions between the colorants and the positive glucosamine unit of the chitosan in the cationized cotton. In addition, the tannic acid treatment contributed to the additional increase in color fastness after the sequential treatments of chitosan pretreatment, dyeing and heat setting.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

Fabrics dyed with artemisia extract have quite natural and elegant tones of color. This study purposed to find the best one for dyeing among artemisia collected in the four seasons in order to develop a more efficient method of dyeing with artemisia. As for the method of research, the researcher dyed wool fabric and silk fabric with artemisia, and measured dyeability according to the number of repeats of dyeing, coloration by post-mordant, color fastness to washing, color fastness to dry cleaning and color fastness to light. The results are as follows. 1. In dyeing with artemisia, dyeability was improved as the number of repeat of dying increased, and it was higher in wool fabric than in silk fabric. 2. Among artemisia collected in the four seasons, autumn artemisia had dyeability much inferior to that of artemisia from the other seasons, and winter artemisia had the best dyeability. 3. According to the result of treating fabric with post-mordant, the dyeability was improved significantly, and coloration was most remarkable when copper and iron mordant were used. 4. The color fastness to washing and color fastness to dry cleaning of fabric mordanted with artemisia were as high as grade 4-5 and grade 5 respectively. The color fastness to light was highest in winter artemisia as grade 4.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.456-464
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• 2016

A new combat uniform is improved for added combat safety with various functions such as survivability, battle conformity and a camouflage performance system. Camouflage performance is an important factor in terms of combat survivability since it makes identification difficult and provide security. The combat uniform is worn under extreme conditions (exposure to ultraviolet light, sweat and friction) and an excellent color fastness to repeated washing is required. In this study, we investigated the color management, durability and discoloration of new combat uniform fabric with a digital pattern for camouflage performance to provide preliminary color management data. We examined color differences between standard fabric and mass-produced combat uniform fabrics, color differences between each military supply contract firm and color changes in combat uniforms after 60 washing cycles. The slight color differences between standard fabric and mass-produced combat uniform fabrics were tolerable under quality criteria of Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense. However, the differences between the military supply contract firms were recognizable to the naked eye and increased with repeated washing. Continuous research on color fastness under repeated washing and color management is required to standardize reliability from each military supply contract firm for the daytime performance of a combat uniform's camouflage.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.106-117
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• 2018

The present study was conducted to investigate dyeing properties and functionality of silk fabrics dyed with extracts from buckwheat skin. Comparative results of color strength(K/S) values of dyed silk fabrics were studied to quantify the effects of dye concentrations, dyeing temperatures, dyeing time and the pH; the effect of mordants; and color changes. And also evaluated the fastness, antimicrobial property, ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed and mordanted silk fabrics. The color strength(K/S) values of silk generally increased depending on the increasing dye concentration, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time. And the highest color strength values were obtained at a dye concentration of 100%(v/v), a dyeing temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, a dyeing of time 80 minutes, and a dyebath of pH 2. The color fastness to light of dyed and mordanted silk fabrics were found to be good, and the drycleaning and rubbing fastness were excellent. The fade of washing fastness was not good, however, the stain of washing fastness and perspiration fastness showed relatively good grade. The Al, Cu, Fe mordanted silk fabrics(except Fe for Klebsiella pneumoniae) showed 99.9% reduction rate. The ultraviolet protection properties of the mordanted fabrics were generally improved. Moreover, the Cu and Fe mordnared fabrics showed very exceptional ultraviolet protection factors.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.709-717
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• 2010

This study investigated the properties and functions of wool and silk dyed with Catechu by examining the effects of dying conditions such as dye concentration, dying temperature, dyeing time, pH level and pre-mordants. These conditions were examined in relation to dye uptake and color changes, washing fastness, light fastness, ultraviolet-cut ability and antimicrobial ability of the dyed fabrics. Catechu showed good affinity to silk fiber. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was obtained, and so it was considered that ionic bondings are formed between Catechu and protein fiber. As the dyeing time and temperature is increased, the dyeability of both silk and wool fabrics also increases. At high temperatures the color of dyed fabrics changes from Y and YR to R. Wool is effective in using Al, Cu, Fe mordant, while silk is effective only in using only Cu mordants. The dyeability was shown to be improved at low pH levels. Additionally, both washing fastness and light fastness were shown to be low. However, the fabric color gradually changed to red was due to mailard reaction of catechol tannin causingby repeated washing and sunlight. The ultraviolet-cut ability was improved for cotton fabric dyed with Catechu. Also, dyed fabric with Catechu showed very good antimicrobial abilities at 99.9%.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

The influence of chemical structure of Benzopurpurine 4B and Congo Red on the color fastness properties of cotton fabric have been studied at $90^{\circ}C$. Each dyeing carried with $10\times10^{-6}M$ of dye concentration and 0.1 M of NaCl. The results obtained from this study were as follow; 1. The properties of fastness to washing by Benzopurpurine 4B were superior to those of Congo Red. 2. The properties of fastness to light by Congo Red were superior to those of Benzopurpurine 4B. 3. The color variation appeared more vividly in the case of Benzopurpurine 4B than Congo Red and the color shifted to Red Purple after washing test but to Yellow Red after Fade-O-meter test.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.254-262
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• 2014

In this study, the colorants of Wisteria floribunda leaf were extracted with water. Silk and wool fabrics have been dyed with the aqueous extract of Wisteria floribunda leaf and their dyeabilities was studied. Additionally the fastness to washing, drycleaning, light and perspiration were also investigated. Silk and wool fabrics dyed with the extract of Wisteria floribunda leaf were colored in yellowish red tint. The optimum dyeing condition of the colorants extracted from Wisteria floribunda leaf was three repeated dyeing at 70, $95^{\circ}C$ for 1hr using post mordanting. For dyed silk and wool fabrics, the fastness to washing was improved by mordanting, and the fastness to drycleaning was very outstanding.