• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

Religion is deeply connected with human culture and life, and affects all areas of religious people's lives. The aim of this study was to find out how fashion-conservativeness of religious people and non-religious people differ in Korea. Ten religious people and ten atheists all in their twenties were interviewed to find out the differences between religious people and non-religious people related to their viewpoints on clothes. The twenties age group was selected because people in their twenties are sensitive to fashions and styles, and a fair proportion of males and females were selected. The subjects were asked demographic questions, questions about their religion and faith, whether or not they thought they were conservative or affected by religion, and finally, what they thought of photographs of certain styles. 12 photographs from the 2006-7 F/W collections of London, Paris, New York and Milan were presented to the subjects. The photographs were from the Vogue U.K. website and divided into 6 major styles based on verbal evidence used to describe the collections in catwalk reports: "Sexy," "attitude/confidence," "luxury," "sophisticated/chic," "feminine," and "rock." In conclusion, religious people were found to be more conservative than non-religious people in their twenties because they prefer more conservative and covered up styles, have more negative views of bold and skin-showing trends, and regard some styles to be too sexy when non-religious people do not.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.299-308
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to research the heroines' fashion styles in the opera, "La Boh$\`{e}$me." This article studied the representations of the grisettes in 1830's France and the characteristics of the grisettes appeared in the original novel, "Sc$\`{e}$nes de la Vie de Boh$\`{e}$me" and contemporary literatures and paintings. The one of the heroines, Mimi was figured a virtuous female despite poor environments, by contrast Musetta was described as cruel, greedy and vicious female in the opera. But, by analyzing the original novel and the representations of the grisettes in contemporary literatures, this study figured out clearly Mimi and Musetta have same origin and similar aspects, not contrast. Up to the present mimi's costumes were not sophisticated but too simple compared to Musetta's. Also Musetta's costume were too much luxury considering her status. This study proposed a new fashion style considering not only analysis result of the heroins' characteristics but contemporary costume design of the 1830's France.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.822-838
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• 2023

Reselling, an activity of purchasing high-scarcity products and selling them back at high prices, has gained popularity among those in their 20s and 30s in recent years. This study examines the resell activity process of the MZ generation using the online second-hand platform and its inherent meaning. Interviews with 15 participants in their 20s and 30s showed that respondents have four purchase stages: being influenced by social media, collecting and comparing information using various social media, purchasing efforts, and post-purchase behavior. The research derived three inherent meanings of resell activities: (1) means of self-presentation and differentiation, (2) confirmation of investment skills and aptitude to lead fashion trends, and (3) pleasure of consumption. Respondents indicated meeting self-satisfaction through public selfies on social media. In addition, they emphasized the empirical pleasure during the buying journey by collecting product information, comparing prices, and negotiating with buyers. Our findings confirm the spread of resell activities from minority groups to enthusiastic youth. This study is significant for focusing on fashion products that attract attention in the resell market and examining the respondents' consumption experiences from various perspectives.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1163-1176
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• 2011

The purposes of this study was to identify characteristics of total coordination in the pursuit fashion sensibility among women their 20's. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection from 410 women in their 20's. Data collection was conducted Aug. 5 to Aug. 15, 2009. Most women emphasized on clothing for total coordination and utilized clothing color and style as a selection criteria. They tried to match makeup and clothing, and spent more time considering makeup, hair styles, and fashion accessaries than clothing for their total coordination. Factors of fashion sensibility included luxury and fashion, casualness and ethnicity, modernity, sociality, activity, and sexual attractiveness and women were segmented into fashionably sensible intermediate, low, and high groups according to their fashion sensibility. The fashionably sensible intermediate group predominantly encompassed women who were unmarried or in their late 20's, unemployed, highly educated, or of low economic status, preferred to mixing and matching colors, and who utilized their individuality or makeup color for total coordination. The fashionably sensible low group encompassed homemakers, in their early 20's, high school graduates or university students, who utilized their clothing or hair color within their total coordination criteria. The fashionably sensible high group encompassed unmarried career women in their mid 20's or of high economic status, who spent much money on their clothing, makeup, hair styles, and fashion accessaries, who preferred achromatic, warm or cool colors, and utilized their individuality or fashion color.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2016

This study analyzed the influence of other customers' perception (similarity, physical attraction, and suitable behavior) of the fashion retail environment on male customers' store attitude and behavioral response. In addition, comparing the effect of store type, this study comprehensively provides the effect of other customers' perception in fashion retailing. In order to investigate research questions, an online survey was conducted and 220 responses were analyzed using AMOS 18.0. The results of this research were as follow. First, the dimensions of physical attraction and suitable behavior of other customers influenced toward target customer's fashion store attitude. Second, the effect of store attitude towards the perceiver's behavioral response was proven. Third, customers established their store attitude by other customers' physical attraction in luxury stores, while others' behavior was meaningful in SPA store. Fourth, other customer's similarity dimension did not influence the male customers' store attitude. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of other customer's effect in fashion stores by examining different store types. In addition, managers may establish a customer portfolio strategy and training based on this research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.379-390
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• 2005

Every Society has it's own ideology and lifestyle and these form its unique aesthetic experience or values. In the paper observing recent, especially in 1980s and 1990s. Korean street fashion that is one way of expressing their values and lifestyle, the aesthetic values related to the morality have been studied. Through the studies using the cafes of Korean street fashion style we can understand the change of morality and fashion style according to the change of socio-cultural environments more deeply. For study methods documentary study and case study were executed. Morality related clothing were defined in detail through documentary studies and for analysis of street fashion from 1980s and 1990s the cases from 'Mut' and 'Ceci' magazines as well as the articles from Chosunilbo, Dongailbo and Maeilkyungje were looked over one by one. By understanding the intrinsic meanings and formal features of resent Korean street fashion, the direction for future fashion designing could be guided, which could satisfy consumers' needs in the rapidly changing world situation. Followings are the results of the study. First, morality of clothing could be defined in detail regarding modesty and extravagance. Modesty could be directly related to exposure of body and norms for appearances and extravagance to fashion oriented, luxury goods or brand name oriented and spending. Second, the exposing body has been accepted and permitted by public even with criticism more easily but they were less generous to values about norms regarding clothing. Third, the change of morality related to modest has happened earlier than the change of morality related to extravagance, which has begun very recently in 2000s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.122-134
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• 2016

With the advent of the new political regime of Jong Un Kim, North Korea is undergoing many changes, with its main motivation being economic growth. This study aims to identify the changes in clothing in North Korea under the new political climate. The research conducted a review on literature and empirical study. For literature review, books and papers from studies related to North Korea have been reviewed. For the empirical part, interviews with diverse class of North Korean refugees including Hanawon, videos on TV, 1,100 pictures and related articles from newspapers and Internet have been collected. Through this analysis, the study found that subtle changes in North Korean fashion started prior to the Jong Un Kim's regime, but has become full-blown since Kim's assumption of power. This proves that the country is not yet independent from its political situation. The results are as follows: First, the appearance of Ri Sol-ju has liberalized the fashion concept of North Korean women, and the popularity of her trademark style has actually contributed to a more amicable image for Kim. Second, the "Hallyu" style has spread to North Korea through various channels, and has started new trends. Third, the diversification of fashion styles has been greatly accelerated in accordance with the expansion of market, resulting from the economic revitalization policy. Last of all, Jong Un Kim's direct orders concerning fashion have resulted in some significant changes. The sophisticated uniforms of flight attendants and the development of luxury cosmetics being prime examples. As studies on this subject are extremely rare, this research is significant to identify the changes on the clothing culture under Jong Un Kim's regime, and to present an expanded view, as the two countries work towards an united Korea.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.49-64
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• 2001

Fur is conceived as a material signifier, not only with its commodity value as luxury goods but also as its symbolic value as objects invested by one's libidinal desire. In this study, complex meanings of fur as multi-layered signs of political and sexual power focusing on fetishism shall be explored, especially on the spectacle fetishism acted by mass media during the anti-fur movement in the 1980s. In conjuction herewith, a highlight shall also be made to the symbolic value in fashion design since 1990s. In this study, first, as a theoretical investigation, fetishism, that has been traditionally considered only as sexual fetishism in fashion discourse will be explored in socio-economic level. Second, in historical context, how the meanings and values of fur have become realized in various cultural spaces, such as literature, art, film and finally, fashion will be viewed. In fashion, fur is a product of desire and power influenced by commodity fetishism as well as sexual fetishism. During the anti-fur movement, mass media has developed the concept of spectacle fetishism. Fur is a sign of animal-victim, and fur-clad women is viewed with images full of imperialsm, sexism and racism, thus act as derisive spectacles of consumerism. Since 1990s as a reflection on anti-fur movement, fetishistic characteristics, which challenge traditional operation method, are expressed by disguise, parody, and returning to the nature. First, fur as disguise is intended to hide sexually perverse, decadent characteristics and expensiveness of fur by texturing or patterning techniques. Second, fur as parody uses fake fur or dyed fur in order to satirize erotically and ethnographically fetishized meanings of fur. Third, aboriginal design of fur is adapted to use symbolic values outside the West, which can potentially mobilize antagonistic oppositions out of their fetishistic regimes. In conclusion, fur as sign of female sexuality and its libidinal profits of exchange, has significant symbolic values expressed in fashion.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.5 s.58
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• pp.763-776
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the glamour image in contemporary women's fashion since 1990. The method of study is to analyze the documentary and fashion magazines about the glamour images. Most of all, glamour has been composed by connection of hollywood film industry and fashion. Glamourous body image showed sensual, threatening and vague body. Formative characteristics in fashion showed a tight silhouette, neglige, lace look, dress showing neck and shoulder, fur coat, stiletto, diamond, gold, big and thick jewelry, satin, velvet, lace, mink and fox fur, etc. Internal meaning was a fantasy, ideal, wealth, fame, hyper-feminity, vagueness, vulgarity, sexuality, mystery, professional, fatalness, aggressiveness and evil. Since 1990, the glamour images in fashion were as follows; First, the glamour with hyper-feminity showed a classical femme-fatal image as fearful existence with a power more than allure. Second, the glamour with vulgarity showed an exaggerated, cheap and popular kitsch image, which have intense colors, lavish surfaces and excessive sexual signs. Third, the glamour with classical sensuality showed a hi-glamour image of hollywood actresses being active from 1930 to 1950, which was expressed glittery dress, stole, diamond, fur wrap, hill, luxury dress. Fourth, the glamour with sexual perversion showed an erotic, vague and sexual drag image, and fetish costume. Fetishistic elements were rubber, PVC, stiletto, thick and high boots and corset and particularly, they were a main method of expression of glamour image. Fifth, the glamour with future image showed a mechanical and mysterious image and it was a conscious style by metallic, plastic and sleeky fabric. In conclusion, glamour fashion image is an ideal beauty type of women and will exist as a meaningful aesthetic sign in women's fashion.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.207-225
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the impact of negative review type, brand reputation and opportunity scarcity perception, on preferences of fashion products in social commerce. For the above evaluation, we used the 2 (negative review type: objective/subjective) ${\times}2$ (brand reputation: high/low) ${\times}2$ (opportunity scarcity perception: high/low) model, designed with three mixed elements. We enrolled 260 women in their 20s and 30s, who live in Seoul and have used social commerce; a final total of 207 subjects were considered for analysis. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18 program and reliability test, t-test and three-way ANOVA were performed. Following observations were made: First, preferences were higher when the subjects read objective negative reviews than subjective negative reviews, and when a fashion product was from a brand of high reputation than a brand of low reputation. Second, the interaction effect between negative review type and brand reputation was greater among the subjects whose opportunity scarcity perception is high, than those having low opportunity scarcity perception. Thus, we conclude that the social commerce should encourage consumers to write more objective reviews, and fashion brands should manage their reputations well. Also, social commerce can use scarcity messages aggressively to increase preferences of global fashion luxury goods, which is actively marketed in social commerce since 2015.