• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2011

Quercetin is one of the most distributed flavonoids in the plant kingdom and occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits and vegetables. This study was undertaken to determine whether quercetin exerts beneficial effect against necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O2$) in intestinal cells using the human-derived cultured T84 colonic epithelial cell line. Necrotic cell death was induced by exposing cells to 0.5 mM $H_2O_2$ for 2 h and apoptosis was induced by incubating cells in normal culture medium for 18 h following exposure of cells to 0.5 mM $H_2O2$ for 2 h. Cell viability was evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion assay and apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. $H_2O_2$ induced necrotic cell death in a time and dose-dependent fashion. Both necrotic and apoptotic cell deaths were not prevented by the antioxidants N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine(DPPD) and Trolox, whereas both cell deaths induced by the organic hydroperoxide t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) were prevented by DPPD, suggesting that $H_2O_2$ induces cell death through a lipid peroxidation-independent mechanism. $H_2O2$-induced necrotic death was prevented by deferoxamine and 3-aminobenzamide, while the apoptotic cell death was not affected by these agents. Quercetin prevented both necrotic and apoptotic cell deaths induced by $H_2O_2$ in a dose-dependent manner. $H_2O_2$ caused activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polmerase (PARP), which was inhibited by deferoxamine, 3-aminobenzamide, and quercetin, but not DPPD. These results indicate that quercetin inhibits both necroticand apoptotic deaths of T84 cells. The anti-necrotic effect of quercetin may be attributed to its iron chelator activity rather than a direct $H_2O_2$ scavenging capacity and antioxidant. The present study suggests that quercetin may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of human gastrointestinal diseases mediated by oxidants.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

With the environmental changes of the times, consumers expect new experiences and seek hotels with various leisure facilities and sensuous design rather than existing static and conservative ones. In particular, boutique hotels connected to all the aspects of lifestyle including architecture, culture, art and fashion are trying out a variety of designs through collaborations in the ways of enhancing their brand images in the design industry. Design through collaboration between different fields has an infinite possibility of breaking from classicism and creating a new type of space in hotel design. Thus, this study attempts to analyze a few cases of boutique hotels by collaborative design that has recently been vitalized and to seek for a direction by suggesting the methods of utilizing design by collaboration for the hotel industry that will further be expanded in the future. For this purpose, first, the theories of collaboration and boutique hotel will be reviewed and the characteristics will be drawn out based on the examples of boutique hotels to which collaborations have been applied by enterprises and designers. By analyzing and classifying the cases of the domestic and foreign boutique hotels through practical experiences among the hotels recently designed by the collaborations between enterprises and designers based on the basic frame of the five characteristics drawn out: identity, symbolism, temporality, locality and interaction, objective values will be drawn out and data for presenting the future orientation will be built. In the Korean hotel industry that is gradually expanding, boutique hotel designs through the appropriate collaboration between enterprises and designers should be considered for the extensive development of the future hotel industry.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1997

It is becoming increasingly clear that the inflammatory reaction can be ascribed to a complex array of mediators generated and released from activated phagocytes. In this study, the effect of PAF on interleukin-1(IL-1) activity by rat alveolar macrophages(AM) was examined using thymocyte proliferation assay in the supernate of sample obtained after 24 hr culture. When AM were cultured with PAF alone, no change in IL-1 activity was observed. However, the combined addition of PAF and muramyl dipeptide(MDP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to AM cultures markedly enhanced IL-1 activity by 2-3 fold compared with AM cultures with the stimulant alone in a concentration dependent fashion. The peack effect was found at $10^{-8}$ M PAF with MDP and $10^{-14}$ M PAF with LPS. the effect of PAF was also tested in silica, toxic respirable dust, -added AM cultures as well as in the cultures containing bacterial compounds. Although silica did not stimulate the IL-1 activity, PAF could enhance IL-1 activity by 2 fold above the value of the silica-treated AM cultures with the peak response at $10^{-12}$ M PAF. Optimal enhancement of IL-1 activity occured when MDP and PAF were present together at the initiation of the 24 hr AM cultures. Additionaly, the biologically inactive precursor/metabolite of PAF, lyso-PAF failed to induce enhancement of IL-1 activity. When the specific, but structurally different PAF receptor antagonists, BN 52021($10^{-5}$ M) and CV 3988($10^{-5}$ M) was treated 15 min before addition of PAF($10^{-8}$ M) and MDP$(10\;{\mu}g/ml)$ to the AM cultures, it markedly inhibited the enhancement of IL-1 activity induced by PAF. The effects of these PAF antagonists were also observed in LPS$(10\;{\mu}g/ml)$-stimulated cells. Collectively, these data suggest that PAF enhances IL-1 activity by interaction with a specific receptor.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2009

In the peripheral nerves, injury-induced cytokines and growth factors perform critical functions in the activation of both the MEK/ERK and JAK/STAT3 pathways. In this study, we determined that nerve injury-induced ERK activation was temporally correlated with STAT3 phosphorylation at the serine 727 residue. In cultured Schwann cells, we noted that ERK activation is required for the serine phosphorylation of STAT3 by neuropoietic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Serine phosphorylated STAT3 by IL-6 was transported into Schwann cell nuclei, thereby indicating that ERK may regulate the transcriptional activity of STAT3 via the induction of serine phosphorylation of STAT3. Neuregulin-1 (NRG) also induced the serine phosphorylation of STAT3 in an ERK-dependent fashion. In contrast with the IL-6 response, serine phosphorylated STAT3 induced by NRG was not detected in the nucleus, thus indicating the non-nuclear function of serine phosphorylated STAT3 in response to NRG. Finally, we determined that the inhibition of ERK prevented injury-induced serine phosphorylation of STAT3 in an ex-vivo explants culture of the sciatic nerves. Collectively, the results of this study show that ERK may be an upstream kinase for the serine phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by multiple stimuli in Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.188-196
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• 1991

The ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of P. verruculosum by column chromatography. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with a relative size of approximately 220 kDa with an isoelectric point of 4.8, which was composed of dimeric protein of 105 kDa. The enzyme was stable up to $60^{\circ}C$ and the presence of glycerol significantly increased its thermostability. The enzyme was found to hydrolyze both ${\beta}-aryl$ and ${\beta}-alkyl-glucosides$ in addition to ${\beta}-glucosyl$ glucose and catalyzed glucosyl transfer to cellobiose. The enzyme attacked laminarin in an exotype-like fashion. The apparent Km's of the enzyme toward cellobiose, laminaribiose, laminarin were 0.53 mM, 0.35 mM and 1.11 mM, respectively. Glucose and glucono-${\delta}-lactone$ were competitive inhibitors for the enzyme. Copper ($Cu^{2+}$), mercury ($Hg^{2+}$) and p-chloromercuribenzoate were strong inhibitors of the enzyme. The immunoblotting result revealed that one form of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was biosynthesized, irrespective of carbon sources used. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the in vitro translated product of total RNA from avicel grown mycelium established that the P. verruculosum ${\beta}-glucosidase$ precursor was approximately 95 kDa in size. The amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence are given.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2018

Background: A limited hip rotational range of motion (ROM) has been considered to be one of characteristics of low back pain (LBP) in athletes. Although LBP frequently occurs in jiu-jitsu athletes, no previous has compared hip rotational ROM between jiu-jitsu athletes with and without LBP. Objects: The aim of the study was to compare ROM for hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER), and total hip rotation between jiu-jitsu athletes with and without LBP. Methods: Jiu-jitsu athletes were recruited for the LBP group ($n_1=15$) and control group without LBP ($n_2=15$). IR, ER, and total rotational range of hip joint were measured using a goniometer. Analysis of variance was used to compare the ROM between groups and sides. Results: The LBP group showed a significantly lower range of passive hip IR, passive total rotation, active IR, active ER, and active total rotation than the control group (p<.05). Dominant side of passive hip IR and active IR had a significantly lower ROM than non-dominant side (p<.05). In passive ER ROM, non-dominant side was significantly greater than dominant side (p<.05). Conclusion: Compared to jiu-jitsu athletes without LBP, athletes with LBP exhibit a loss of hip rotational ROM. Based on these results, clinicians and athletic trainers should measure hip rotational ROM when designing the management plan for jiu-jitsu athletes with LBP.

• 복식
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

Mural Painting of Koguryo Dynasty. root of Korean traditional pattern. has 5 types of pattern in its 24tombs: Fire pattern. Sun . Moon pattern, Flying angel pattern. Hill.Tree pattern, Holy animal bird Pattern. These patterns had developed specially in 3 regions that are Hwanghae-region, Pyongan-region, Jipan-region. from 4th-7th Century. A lot of fire pattern has found at Pyongan-region in 5th century. The ceiling right above 'Dori' frequently had the pattern. The pattern is organized in 'Kyoho' method. The sun.moon pattern was shown in Pyongan-region in 5th century. '3-leg bird'. representative of sun, and frog, representative of moon. were drawn in the pattern in 6th century, rabbit was added with frog in the pattern. Flying angel pattern had found most in Jipan region in 5th century. The pattern was not found in 4th century. Two types of the pattern are angels playing $$\mu$ical instruments and angels preying. The hill tree pattern was simple, antique, and immature in the beginning. the pattern had developed with real description as a landscape picture after the beginning. this pattern has been categorized as a landscape painting. Holy animal and bird patternn had placed in supporting rock between ceiling and floor with the mean of protection in after life These pattern, which were previously influenced by Chines culture, were developed with a base of Koguryo own tradition and supported establishment of a characterized Koguryo Cloture. This study will be a basic document for modern fashion industry of 21 century.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2010

감성마케팅의 시대라 불리는 요즘 현대인들에게 감성을 불러일으킬 수 있는 독립된 서체인 캘리그라피는 광고, 북디자인, 영화타이틀, 포스터, 패키지, BI, 패션에 이르기까지 다양한 분야에 활용되어지고 있다. 이에 인천시 계양구를 중심으로 캘리그라피를 사용한 옥외간판 100곳을 선정하여 업종별 캘리그라피 사용현황 및 활용실태와 표현도구별 분류, 색상 사용분석을 통해 캘리그라피가 옥외간판에서 활성화 될 수 있는 개선방안을 연구하였다. 그 결과 요식업종 뿐만 아니라 금융권이나 기업체 등 다양한 업종에서의 시도가 요구되어지며, 고비용으로 전문가에게 의뢰해 제작되어진 프랜차이즈의 브랜드 로고타입에서만이 아니라 영세 개인상점에서도 저비용으로 질 높은 캘리그라피 제작을 위해 지역사회를 중심으로 다양한 캘리그라피 교육프로그램 개발이 필요하겠다. 또한 세계화의 흐름 속에서 한글의 아름다움을 알리고 우리만의 독특한 거리 문화 창조를 위해 다양한 도구와 질감 표현들이 요구되어지며, 앞으로 옥외간판에서의 캘리그라피에 대한 연구들이 활성화 되어야 할 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2003

In the relationship between post-modern feminism and the body. the body of women, which has been taken as 'other' by dominant arguments, has escaped from the fixed idea at post-modern times and the post-modern feminists tried to escape from the taste of the times about body image that was prevalent in the former times.'The taste of the times' here means the fixed physical form of ideal women's body by the educational custom, and it includes the educational prescription which establishes the docile body of women. This kind of educational custom aims at the perfect and permanent restriction on size, shape, desire, attitude and movement as well as on the overall demeanor and each part of the body. And the custom produces 'dependent and trained'. that is, inferiorized women's body. Hence, this paper points out that the feminity as a fixed Physical form should be overcome in order to move forward, and as one part of the effort, it attempts to analyze the designs which deformed and distorted women's body in 1990s. This research indicates that the work, which tries to deviate the fantasized and casted women's mystery, has been closely connected with the expression of 'non-separate bodies' and 'irregular body shapes' in 1990s, which aims at escaping from the fixation of women's body Image. Therefore, it is concluded that the target design trend of this research, which expressed the deformation and perversion of the body, provides the anti-these against the ideal body image of women and the these of feminity. which have been reproduced in various methods and patterns throughout the public and the culture on the whole by expressing the refusal and deviation of the existing women's body image through the post-fixation of the body pattern.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

In the present study, the materials, sizes, and designs of blind eye patch products of skin-adhesive type and glass-attachment type currently available in the market will be analyzed and ergonomically appropriate blind eye patches will be developed. Although these skin-adhesive type eye patches were easy to use, they had shortcomings such as skin troubles due to the adhesive used on the weak and sensitive skin of children and the fact that eyebrows are pulled out and the skin is irritated when the eye patches are detached after being attached. The non-adhesive type eye patches were blind patches to be worn by putting into glasses. These products were made using diverse materials such as neoprene, non-woven fabrics, and felt and showed differences in tactile impressions and irritation to the skin depending on material characteristics. In addition, most products were efficient in blocking light with three-dimensional oval designs comprising darts. In the present study, blind eye patches were designed to reduce skin troubles by using sweat-absorbing and quick-drying functional materials with soft tactile impressions. In addition, to increase the effect to block light and the degree of tight contact with the skin when the blind eye patches are worn compared to existing eye patch designs, the sides of the wings of the blind eye patches were widened, glass frame fixing plates were added, and the darts were made to be curved thereby making an ergonomic design reflecting the shape of the face. The non-adhesive type blind eye patches developed in the present study are considered to enhance the wearing sensation with the use of the material without skin irritation but with cushioning feelings and the ergonomic design reflecting the contour of the face.