• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.77-98
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore perceived meanings of dating and marriage among well-educated Korean couples who were in optimal marriageable ages. Particularly, an emphasis was placed on finding out where the traditional gender norms and post-modern contexts intersect on the couples' course of dating and marriage. Method: We undertook a qualitative analysis of 8 couples (age: 26-34) dating. Participants were limited to university graduates of upper-middle rank universities in Seoul, South Korea. The rationale for choosing such sample was based on the idea that characteristics of class is inherent in the act of dating and marriage, and that such characteristics lead to different contextual experiences in dating and marriage. This study was based on interviews conducted over a three-month time span. The interviews were first transcribed into research text and then subjects and key categories were drawn from the transcripts for analysis. Results: Participants sought meanings of joy, learning, and self-improvement in dating, and they were free from traditional gender norms in their romantic relationships. They viewed marriage as having a permanent companionship with their partner, becoming independent from their parents, and/or a social norm to be followed. Participants reported mixed perceptions about marriage in such fashion that they described their parents' relationship in terms of a gendered leader-supporter relationship, while viewing their own relationship as being genderless partners. In transition to parenthood, however, they regressed to traditional gender norms dichotomized as women being a homemaker and men being a breadwinner. In sum, participants displayed expectations that were inconsistent with regard to dating and marriage over the study period. That is, during the course of dating and early marriage, they did not hold separated gender norms; however, when transitioning from being a newly married couple to giving their first childbirth, expectations shifted to traditional gender norms and values. Conclusion: This suggests that it is not marriage, but the experience of childbirth and motherhood, which strengthen traditional gendered norms, engendering regeneration of the gender norms in families. The results indicate that there is a need to promote co-parenting behavior among the newly-married couples and to educate gender equality about parent roles or for parents in South Korea so that they can overcome traditional gendered norms in family.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

As the shoes industry has been strengthened due to the contemporary fashion industry becoming segmented more and more, it is necessary to provide the basic data for the shoes industry through more in-depth research on the relevant fields. Accordingly, this study investigated the research trends related to shoes in Korea on the aspect of the publication methods, research contents and research methodologies for identifying the existing research status. In accordance with the analysis, the researches had been published since 2015 and presented by one author or two co-authors. The authors of researches were mostly affiliated to the colleges. Thus, it was identified that the professional research should be implemented in cooperation with the industry. For the research contents, the researches related to the shoes industry focused on the 21st century in the period field and marketing and design in the theme field. Then, it is required to investigate the converged interdisciplinary themes in wider areas in more diverse periods. Next, the case study accounted for the highest ratio in the methodology. Moreover, the methodology applied per theme showed the significant difference. Accordingly, the researches need to be conducted through more diverse viewpoints and methodologies. In case of the difference per research type, the significant difference was found only in the research approaches. Furthermore, the specific methodology was preferred per theme regardless of the research types. Then, it was found that the methodology played the significant role in the researches on the shoes industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2021

This study examined how consumers in their 20s and 30s perceive luxury goods, masstige brands, and counterfeits, which have high social value, and whether the propensity for conspicuous consumption and conformity can explain them. Consumers were classified based on the similarity of attitudes toward these brands and purchase intentions. The groups were compared on the sub-dimensions of conspicuous consumption and conformity. Clustering analysis identified four groups, and the MANOVA result confirmed the differences among the groups. Personality (F=4.282, p=.006) and brand orientation (F=23.178, p=.000) were positively related to luxury and masstige brands. Fashion orientation (F=8.376, p=.000) was high for both groups, which likes luxury and masstige brands very much, and which likes counterfeits. High-price orientation did not make any significant difference among the groups. Conformity (F=3.537, p=.015) was high for all the groups, except for the group that liked luxury and masstige brands and did not like counterfeits. This study comprehensively examined the attitudes and purchase intentions of luxury and masstige brands and their counterfeits and can be the groundwork for further research on brand categorization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.595-603
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• 2020

To elucidate the structure-function relationship of polysaccharides obtained from Colocasia esculenta, the immuno-stimulating polysaccharide, CE-4a was purified to homogeneity from the crude polysaccharide (CE) extracted from the corms of C. esculenta by two subsequent column chromatographies using DEAE-Sepharose FF and Sephadex G-100, and analysis of their immuno-stimulatory activities and structure were conducted. CE-4a showed an increase in anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent fashion. The molecular mass was estimated to be 182.4 kDa, which mainly consisted of galactose (43.5%) and mannose (18.2%). Methylation analysis indicated that CE-4a comprised at least 10 different glycosyl linkages, such as terminal Galp, 3-linked Galp, and 4-linked Manp, as well as a characteristic linkage, 2,4,6-branched Manp residue. To analyze the fine structure of CE-4a, it was sequentially digested using endo-α-(1→4)-polygalacturonase, exo-α-galactosidase and endo-β-1,4-D-mannanase. These analyses suggested that CE-4a is to be a highly branched galactomannan with a (1→4)-mannan backbone and galactopyranosyl oligosaccharide side chains.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 2022

This study attempted to find out the improvement effect the improvement effect of Babassu oil on damaged hair by damaged hair by applying a hair-improving formulation with Babassu oil to damaged hair after manufacturing. As the experimental raw material, the contents of babassu oil were changed to 0 g, 3 g 6 g, and 9 g and added to the perm base agent. The prepared formulation was applied to 8 levels of bleached sample hair. Each sample and damaged hair were measured and compared and analyzed. As for the measurement method, tensile strength, absorbance using methylene blue, and gloss were measured to know the effect of improving damage hair Statistical analysis was conducted for the reliability of the research results. As a result of the research, it was found that the tensile strength was higher than that of the damaged hair in all samples applied by adding babassu oil. As a result of absorbance analysis using methylene blue, it was found that absorbance was decreased in all samples compared to damaged hair. As a result of the gloss measurement, it was found that the gloss was increased in all samples compared to the damaged hair. In conclusion, it was found that babassu oil had an improvement effect on damaged hair.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2019

Recently, as the number of shopping facilities has increased, such as complex shopping malls, warehouse type superstores, large fashion outlets, and so on, the conflicts over the opening of large stores between neighboring municipalities are increasing. However, current regulations on the opening of large-scale stores, such as the impact analysis on commercial area, do not adequately reflect the characteristics of new type shopping facilities. In this study, we tried to suggest a rational policy alternative with more realistic suitability by analyzing the characteristics of 'regional shopping facilities' beyond the scope of the municipalities, and analyzing the impact on the regional merchants. The main results of the study are summarized as follows. First, unlike previous researches, which are limited to small business sector, this study presents the results of comprehensively comparing and analyzing the impact on the detailed sectors of the whole distribution market, including the large distribution sector and online distribution sector. Second, in this study, we calculated the total (average) amount of market penetration rate of existing shopping facilities by the entire regional shopping facilities in the Seoul metropolitan area, and this is considered to be of great value in relation to the recognition of problems at the whole level of the metropolitan area and the search for alternative solutions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2002

Background : Gemcitabine is a new anti-cancer agent for treating non-small cell lung cancer. Functioning as an antimetabolite, it induces anti-cancer effects by suppressing DNA synthesis after being incorporated into the DNA as a cytosine arabinoside analogue. When Gemcitabine is incorporated into the DNA, the p53 gene may be activated by induction of the DNA defect. However, there are a few studies on the molecular mechanisms of Gemcitabine-induced cell death. This study examined the role of p53 in Gemcitabine-induced cell death. Methods : A549 and NCl-H358 lung cancer cells were used in this study. The cell viability test was done using a MTT assay at Gemcitabine concentrations of 10nM, 100nM, 1uM, 10uM and 100uM. A FACScan analysis with propium iodide staining was used for the cell cycle analysis. Western blot analysis was done to investigate the extent of p53 activation. For the functional knock-out of p53, stable A549-E6 cells and H358-E6 cells were transfected pLXSN-16E6SD which is over expresses the human papilloma virus E6 protein that constantly degrades p53 protein. The functional knock out of p53 was confirmed by Western blot analysis after treatment with a DNA damaging agent, doxorubicine. Results : Gemcitabine exhibited cell toxicity in dose-dependent fashion. The cell cycle analysis resulted in an S phase arrest. Western blot analysis significant p53 activation in time-dependent manner. Gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity was reduced by 20-30% in the A549-E6 cells and the 30-40% in H358-E6 cells when compared with the A549-neo and H358-neo control cells. Conclusion : Gemcitabine induces an S phase arrest, as expected for the anti-metabolite, and activates the p53 gene, Furthermore, p53 might play an important role in Gemcitabine-induced cell death. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms on how Gemcitabine activates the p53 gene and its signaling pathway are recommended.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.73-84
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interior color characteristics of elderly housing facilities in Korea. For this purpose, a filed survey was conducted between October 16 and October 25, 2003, visiting 10 elderly housing facilities. A three step analysis of the facilities was involved. First, floor, walls, ceiling, base boards and doors in common spaces were examined for the color scheme using the 'Pantone for Fashion and Home Color Guide' for each room. Measured Pantone numbers were converted to RGB color using 'Chooser 3.0 of Pantone, Inc.' Finally, the conversions were recorded as Munsell numbers. The results are as follows. First, the brightness used in elderly housing facilities ranges from high value to low value while the chroma ranges from the middle chroma to low chroma. The warm colors of Y and YR are mainly used, followed by GY and R. Second, the colors used for elderly housing facilities are found inter-related. For example, the main color in the lobby is also used for corridor and used again in dining room, library, and treatment room. Third, in terms of the color scheme, it is best help the elderly, who generally have lower recognition capability, by highlighting the distinction and attention by using the dearly distinctive accent color for the transition space, edge of the hallways or in front of the door to the units and having different color for each floor. But in most facilities except one or two, this consideration is ignored. Fourth, there is difference in color selection between elderly housing with low and high rental value. Only one facility, the most high priced one, has aggressive color arrangement, and the others show very little consideration of the elderly's needs.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.203-212
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• 2006

With interests and participation in the costumeplay that mimics characters appeared on carton or animation in recent days, the costumeplay becomes one of cultural phenomena. Using a qualitative research method, this study identified costumeplayers' costume consumption pattern and explored its meanings from the perspective of consumption culture. Indeed, this study intended to help for understanding costumeplayer group as a consumer, and to provide basic knowledge about new market analysis related to fashion design and marketing. The results from the analyzing participant observation and in-depth interviews data are as follows: first, costumeplayers usually begin costumeplay by friends' invitations or by themselves and then continue on participating. Through the costumeplay, participants have benefits such as fun, departure from the daily life, and social interaction. Second, participants acquire costumes through purchase, rent, producing or combination of daily wear, but both purchase and rent account high. Third, the meanings of consumption culture in costumeplay include consumption behavior repeating possession and disposal. Also, costumeplayers concerns efficiency when purchasing or renting the costumes, and internet is a place where information search, comparison, and actual purchasing are occurred. Based on the results, fashion design and marketing implication, limitation of this study and further research ideas were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.980-989
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• 2009

Amur cork tree was extracted in methanol with the purpose of investigating the most effective extraction procedure for detecting the chromophore using the GC-MS analysis. Different procedures of waterbath and hotplate extractions were carried out and five different GC-MS instrument parameters including the operating temperatures in the GC capillary column and the MSD scan range were tested for their efficiencies. Berberine was determined by the detection of dihydroberberine at 15.0 min r.t. Hotplate was a better device for extracting amur cork tree than waterbath shaker either with or without presoaking in the room temperature. Water was not an adequate extraction medium for the berberine detection. The most effective GC-MS parameter was Method 4; the initial temperature at $50^{\circ}C$ followed by the temperature increase of $23^{\circ}C$/min until $210^{\circ}C$, then increase of $30^{\circ}C$/min until the final temperature reach at $305^{\circ}C$, then hold for 14 minutes to maintain the total run time 24.12 minutes. The MSD scan range for Method 4 was $35\sim400$m/z.