• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.471-479
• /
• 2017

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major threat to the shrimp farming industry and so far there is no effective therapy for it, and thus early diagnostic of WSSV is of great importance. However, at the early stage of infection, the extremely low-abundance of WSSV DNA challenges the detection sensitivity and accuracy of PCR. To effectively detect low-abundance WSSV, here we developed a pre-amplification PCR (pre-amp PCR) method to amplify trace amounts of WSSV DNA from massive background genomic DNA. Combining with normal specific PCR, 10 copies of target WSSV genes were detected from ${\sim}10^{10}$ magnitude of backgrounds. In particular, multiple target genes were able to be balanced amplified with similar efficiency due to the usage of the universal primer. The efficiency of the pre-amp PCR was validated by nested-PCR and quantitative PCR, and pre-amp PCR showed higher efficiency than nested-PCR when multiple targets were detected. The developed method is particularly suitable for the super early diagnosis of WSSV, and has potential to be applied in other low-abundance sample detection cases.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 1985

The objectives of this study is to examine efficiency of swinery wastewater treatment by trickling filters' pilot plant. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The characteristics of sample. The BOD$_5$ was from 2,450 to 2,880mg/l, COD(KMnO$_4$ acid method) was from 910 to 1,064mg/l, and SS was from 920 to 990mg/l. The pH of influent was from 7.3 to 7.6, and the temperature of water was from 17.0$\circ$C to 22.5$\circ$C. 2. For experiment by recirculation, the BODs removal efficiency is 65.2% at recirculation ratio (r)=0, and 70.7% at r=1. The ramoval efficiency of this study is higher than NRC formula of U.S.A.. The recirculation is not significant effect on removal efficiency. 3. For experiment by hydraulic load, the BOD$_5$ removal rate decreased from 73.1% at $3.1m^3/m^2\cdot d$ to 65.3% at $9.2m^3/m^2\cdot d$. The design formula of this study which shows the removal rate of soluble BOD is $Le/Li =10^{-0.24} D/Q^{0.24}$ (Q: hydraulic load, D: depth of filter). 4. For experiment by organic load, the BOD$_5$ removal rate is increased from 70.2% at $0.77kg/m^3\cdot d$ to 75.4% at $4.28kg/m^3\cdot d$. We can obtain the straight line y=0.749 x (y: removed BOD, x :applied BOD) by the least squares method. 5. We can know that trickling filters is strong with the hydraulic load and the organic matter shock load. Here, we can judge that trickling filters is a good method for the treatment of swinery wastewater which containing high concentrated organic matter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2013

The aim of the research was to analyze a correlation between rural villages and a space of amenity resources in order to provide objective basic data for rural renewal planning in the future. 15 villages were selected to analyze amenity resources. A Space Syntax Method(SSM) was used to analyze a spacial structure of each village and location characteristics of amenity resources. Finally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) was used for a cluster analysis. The results of spacial analysis showed that the MeanDepth of rural villages was 4.482 and Global Integration Value(GInteg) was 0.956. Relatively, a depth was lower and GInteg was higher, compared to other villages. Rural villages were easily recognized and accessible by outsiders, compared to mountain and fishing villages. In the case of rural villages, the MeanDepth of amenity resources was low and GInteg was high in the results of cluster analysis using a nonhierachical method. Results indicated that an access was easy and amenity resources were closely located each other. However, the deviation of each village was great in mountain villages. This research suggests that an effective maintenance of road network for improving accessibility would be given priority in an undeveloped farming and fishing villages' renewal. Especially, using a spacial analysis in village renewal planning process can improve accessibility and maximize an utilization of public facilities and amenity resources.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.288-300
• /
• 2002

In this paper, a novel method of equalization of RF transceivers is suggested for MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna actively studied for high speed data transmission in the recent IMT-2000 system. The core of suggestion is in equalizing the transfer characteristics of multiple transceivers using feedback and memory during the predefined calibration time. This makes it possible to weight the signals in the intermediate frequency, which is easier in the application of recently developed DoA(Direction of Arrival) algorithms. In addition, the time varying optimum cell formation according to traffic is feasible by antenna beam-forming based on the DoA information. The suggested method of equalizing multiple transceivers are successfully verified using envelope simulation. two outputs. This paper is concerned with the diagnosis of multiple crosstalk-faults in OSM. As the network size becomes larger in these days, the convent.
nal diagnosis methods based on tests and simulation be.
me inefficient, or even more impractical. We propose a simple and easily implementable alg？ithm for detection and isolation of the multiple crosstalk-faults in OSM. Specifically, we develop an algorithm for isolation of the source fault in switc.
ng elements whenever the multiple crosstalk-faults are.
etected in OSM. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example of 16$\times$16 OSM.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2020

Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there are many tries to promote productivity enhancement and competitiveness by adapting smart farm technology that converges ICT technologies in agriculture. This smart farming technology is emerging as a new paradigm for future growth in agriculture. The development of real-time cultivation environment monitoring and automatic control system is needed to implement smart farm. Furthermore, the development of intelligent system that manages cultivation environment using monitoring data of the growth of crops is required. In this paper, a fast and efficient development method for implementing a cloud-based smart farm management system using a highly compatible and scalable web platform is proposed. It was verified that the proposed method using the web platform is effective and stable system implementation through the operation of the actual implementation system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2012

Red tide is a natural phenomenon temporary blooming harmful algal with changing sea color from normal to red, which fish and shellfish die en masse. It also give a bad influence to coastal environment and sea ecosystem. The damage of sea farming by a red tide has been occurred each year which it cost much to prevent disasters of red tide blooms. Red tide damage and prevention cost of red tide disasters can be minimized by means of prediction of red tide blooms. In this paper, we proposed the red tide blooms prediction method using ensemble train. The proposed method use the bagging and boosting ensemble train methods for enhancing red tide prediction and forecast. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a better red tide prediction performance than other single classifiers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to calculate the annual carbon reduction of crops according to the carbon fixation method of agricultural land, therefore to analyze whether the economic inducement of farmers to switch from single cropping to double cropping if the amount of carbon reduction were traded on the Korea Exchange. The analysis targets were Gyeonggi Province, which was divided into four areas to compare the difference between agricultural income and carbon income by crop and cropping system. Agricultural profit was estimated by multiplying the prior data of 2012 by the change rate of the consumer price index, and carbon income was calculated through the carbon reduction for each crop and the average transaction price of KAU19 traded on the Korea Exchange. According to the analysis, the profit rate of double cropping in all areas is -110.4% to 23% compared to single cropping, when only agricultural profit is taken into account, with no economic inducement for farmers to change the cropping system. However, when carbon income is taken into account together, the profit rate of double cropping rises significantly from 122.5% to 238.9% over a single operation in all areas, resulting in an economic inducement to switch the cropping system. This research is meaningful in that farming households could raise their income by additional carbon income, and that carbon credits could be supplied at Korea Exchange to further boost the carbon emission exchange.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2008

This research was conducted to develop a technology transfer and farmer's extension of newly released technology of Bokto seeding method for crop and vegetable production based on the theory of Asian and Pacific Center for Transfer of Technology(APCTT). This technology has recently transferred to not only Korea but also other countries like North Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, Russia and Africa(Cameroon, Sudan and South Africa) since 2005. It has known as a highly reduction of production cost in terms of labors, chemical fertilizer and pesticides as well as environmental friendly due to a deep and side banded placement of chemical fertilizer at basal application. In addition this technology was proven to a precision farming on sowing depth and mechanism of chemical application method and also highly resistant against disasters like typhoon, flooding, low temperature, drought and lodging due to silicate application. It has improved a constraints such as a poor seedling establishment, weed occurrence, lodging, low yield and poor grain and eating quality in the previous direct seeding methods but still have a problem in occurrence of weedy rice and ununiformed operation of wet or flooded soil condition. Also this technology has a limit in marketing and A/S system. Based on a theory of APCTT evaluation and analysis this technology may be more concentrated on establishment of a special cooperation team among researcher and scientists, extension workers, industry sections and governmental sectors in order to rapidly transfer this technology to farmer's field. Also there will be needed to operate a web site for this newly released technology to inform and exchange an idea, experiences and newly improved information. A feed back system might be operated in this technology as well to improve a technology under way on users' operation. Also user's manual will be internationally released and provided for farmer's instruction and training at field site.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.97-136
• /
• 1995

Recendtly an organic agricultured in Korea is getting a public attention not only for minimizing NO3- contamination of groundwater but also for producing of quility of agricultural products. But still there is not Basic Standards for Organic Agriculture in Korea and Japan since they just believe organic agriculture is one kind of the environmental friendly sustainable agriculture as written in western literature. In the paper it was discussed the core skills and doctrine of IFOAM Basic Standards compare to Korean Organic Farming Method in oder to point out thed disadvantages of overuse of organic fertilizer, 50-150MT/㏊ in each cultivation, intensive monocropping in glass-house without any rotation & legume, and without any green manure. Most korean or-ganic farmer believe that the more they apply organic fertilizer, the better they pro-duce high quility of crops and they practise organic agriculture completely. It was also suggested the overuse of organic fertilizer cause the accumulation of NO3- in rhizosphere and subsequently it might lead to drinkwater pollution by nitrate leaching. In conclusion it is suggested that for successful establishment of organic agriculture, The Association of Korean Organic Agriculture, The Society of Korean Organic Agri-culture and the certification body should be developed the Basic Standards which is acceptable by IFOAM Basic Standards.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.687-711
• /
• 2009

Recently, environmental-friendly agriculture (EFA) has been pointed out as an alternative for the change of our agricultural conditions. But the excessive amount of nutrients have been used to farmland since 1960s, when the intensive farming method called "High-Input, High-Yield" was expanded in earnest. This study was conducted to examine and compare farmers' purchasing and using fertilizer. For these purpose, data were gathered from a total of 326 farmers of the nation wide (greenhouse horticulture 60, upland cultivating 177, fruit-growing 89). The findings were as follows: First, 70.6% of greenhouse horticulture farmers, 89% of upland-cultivating farmers, 76.3% of fruit-growing farmers purchased fertilizer in Nong-hyup (farmers' cooperative organization). Second, only 54.2% of the greenhouse horticulture farmers, 60.2% of the upland cultivating farmers and 70.4% of the fruit-growing farmers recognized the optimum level of fertilizer. So, governmental organizations and agricultural technology center should carry out various programs for informing the farmers of the right way to use fertilizer and to practice EFA.