• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.303-303
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• 2017

Japanese agriculture has faced to several threats: aging and decrease of farmer population, global competition, and the risk of climate change as well as harsh and variable weather. On the other hands, the number of large scale farms is increasing, because farm lands have been being aggregated to fewer numbers of farms. Cost cutting, development of efficient ways to manage complicatedly scattered farm lands, maintaining yield and quality under variable weather conditions, are required to adapt to changing environments. Information and communications technology (ICT) would contribute to solve such problems and to create innovative technologies. Thus we have been developing an early warning and decision support system to reduce weather and climate risks for rice, wheat and soybean production in Japan. The concept and prototype of the system will be shown. The system consists of a weather data system (Agro-Meteorological Grid Square Data System, AMGSDS), decision support contents where information is automatically created by crop models and delivers information to users via internet. AMGSDS combines JMA's Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) data, numerical weather forecast data and normal values, for all of Japan with about 1km Grid Square throughout years. Our climate-smart system provides information on the prediction of crop phenology, created with weather forecast data and crop phenology models, as an important function. The system also makes recommendations for crop management, such as nitrogen-topdressing, suitable harvest time, water control, pesticide spray. We are also developing methods to perform risk analysis on weather-related damage to crop production. For example, we have developed an algorism to determine the best transplanting date in rice under a given environment, using the results of multi-year simulation, in order to answer the question "when is the best transplanting date to minimize yield loss, to avoid low temperature damage and to avoid high temperature damage?".

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - The distribution of agricultural products is changing due to recent shifts in environmental free trade. Specifically, the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products has weakened as a result of the Korea-China Financial Trade Agreement. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties and organized production centers are growing in importance daily. To overcome this crisis, agricultural producer organizations are vying for environment-friendly agricultural certifications, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In particular, as consumer demand for higher safety grows, farmers are increasing their certification rates. Therefore, this certification system is expected to help strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural producer organizations. Research design/data/methodology - Organized production centers are classified by certification. A survey was conducted with 91 organizations using factor analysis and logistic regression analysis for the examination. The factor analysis results are as follows. Raw material procurement, education·specialization, marketing, joint business, organizing ability, business management, effectiveness, certification, and larger organizations were classified as the nine types of factors. These factors affect the organized production centers and are used in the logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest a direction for future production center policies. Results - The basic statistical results are as follows: analysis of the producer organizations of 91 sites, average number of members per site of 1,624, and average sales of 25,961 million won. Additionally, the average income per farmer is 175 million won, and the pooling system rate is 53.5%. The factor analysis results are as follows. Factor 1 consists of contract cultivation, ongoing shipment, selection subdivision, traceability, and major retailer management. Factor 2 consists of manual cultivation, specialty selection, education program, and R&D. Factor 3 consists of advertising, various dealers, various sales strategies, and a unified sales counter. Factor 4 consists of agricultural materials co-purchase, policy support, co-shipment, and incentives. Factor 5 consists of the co-selection and pooling system. Factor 6 consists of co-branding and operating by the organization's article. Factor 7 consists of the buy-sell ratio and rate of operation of the agriculture promotion center. Factor 8 consists of bargaining power in volume and participation rate of farmer certification. Factor 9 consists of increasing new subscribers. The logistic regression analysis results are as follows. Considering the results by type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification type and the GAP certification type have a (+) influence. GAP and HACCP certification types affecting the education·specialization factor have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification types on the effectiveness factor have (-) influence; the HACCP certification types on the organizing ability and effectiveness factor have a (-) influence. Conclusions - Agricultural producer organizations should develop plans as follows: The organizations need to secure education for agricultural production; increase the pooling system ratio for sustainable organizational development; and, finally, expand the number of agricultural producer organizations.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-41
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• 1989

The raw materials for plant-stalk-folkcrafts are cultivated in the whole country. Most Korean farmers, to increase their income, have produced mats and containers with various plants as a side line from very long ago. At first, they began from the instruments of life and then made folkart and at last get to manu\ulcornerfacturing of industrial folk craft. The folkcrafts, made of plant-stalk, which could nor conform to changing society, are partly declined and partly handed down as the traditions. The social change today, however, makes living conditions more speedy and multisided, accordingly the characteristics of demand also become in\ulcornerdividual and various. While the demend is various like this, suppliers cannot answer demendants' requirements, and consequently, the demand and profit cannot be increased. According to this, the purpose of this study is set up to give an answer to the situation that is at the traditional standstill, through an examination of the motives. I. The crafts of plant-stalk are made only in an organized relationship between agriculture, industry and art as it is compounded art of gathering raw material, manufacturing, producing, improv\ulcornering design and production conditions. It may be possible that a farmer gathers material and weaves it manually but in others, it is im\ulcornerpossible to refine, bleach and dye because the process requires a professional industrial treatment. It is impossible to make art works to a farmer as every farner does not always have aesthetic sense. Though a farmer or producer has these all abilities, it is not desirable to him from economical view. 2. The development or improvement is essential in many sides but the most important thing seems to he in design. According to reports, it is, howevt!r, fact that the crafts improved in design of existing works have more expanded the sales than newly developed works. Therefore, ir appears advisable to improve designs of existing things positively as they have merit of occupying a position already, but on the other hand, new crafts have to be also developed and the producer should grasp the proper time. 3. Building up an industrial complex to improve design with collecting the producing districts for this works scattered allover the country is very desirable for speedy communication, intensive educa\ulcorner tion or training, and effective guidance. 4. In producing for export abroad, before everything, must know the life environment, custom! and manners, main thought of the country, and then produce according to these. S. The crafts of plant-stalk are the fIrst industry in present but in the futher it should change intc second or third industry. 6. A synethetic organization for supporting side line should be established for effectiveness, and experts have to be secured and also the educational-industrial complex and activation of study should be preceded.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2013

South Korea had encouraged farmers to breed bear to increase farmer's income since 1981. Currently farmers breed over thousand number of bears, however but the policy measures for breeding bears is expected to conflict the main stream of bear conservation due to South Korea belong to the member of CITES, which categorizes and manages bears under Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Act. Government needs to establish a special law containg the win-win relief strategy not only for farmers of breeding bears, but international corresponding policy. So, we have reviewed the domestic status and international trends on breeding bears, and suggest the alternative strategies of the policy such as a bear park, a bear village, use of species recovery center, use of a preservation organization. This policy should be accompanied with more detailed fact analysis, management agency, well equipped welfare facility and financial preparation for proper management of breeding bears against changing international trends on wildlife conservation.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2011

1996년도의 유통시장개방을 계기로 소매유통 환경이 급변하기 시작하였으며, 이러한 소매유통 환경변화에 대한 대응력을 강화하기 위해 조직화를 통한 규모화가 산지의 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 이에 산지에서는 여건변화에 대응하기 위하여 소규모 개별농가가 조직화를 통해 전문화·대규모화 되어 가고 있고, 품목별·지역별로 특화되어 가는 양상을 보이고 있다. 하지만 소비지 시장에 대한 경쟁력 강화라는 관점에서는 여전히 문제점을 보이고 있는 것이 사실이다. 이러한 문제점의 가장 대표적인 경우가 시장대응상의 산지유통조직의 조직화·규모화 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구들을 통한 농산물 유통환경 변화에 따른 산지 조직화 배경 및 필요성, 국내 산지유통조직의 현황 및 문제점, 국내·외 산지유통조직 우수사례를 살펴보고, 조직화·규모화를 중심으로 향후 산지유통조직 경쟁력 제고방안을 위한 개선방안에 대해 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 농산물 소매유통환경 변화에 따라 산지유통조직의 경쟁력을 제고하기 위한 개선방안으로 1) 원물수집 체계 다양화를 통한 가동률 향상 및 조직화 강화, 2) 전문화된 품목의 광역연합마케팅 추구를 통한 규모화 실현, 3) 국외 산지유통조직 우수사례인 프랑스 "브레따뉴 청과물 경제위원회"와 같은 관리 운영조직 설치 및 운영, 4) 국내에 적합한 산지유통조직모델 개발을 위한 지원체계 확립 등의 4가지를 제시하였다. 특히 국내 산지의 경우 산지조직화·규모화에 성공한 각종 사례분석을 통해, 조직적 규모화의 과정 속에서 생겨나는 각종 어려움과 그에 대한 극복방식 등을 일반화 시켜가는 노력이 요구된다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.517-536
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• 2010

진주시에는 8개의 요일장이 열리고 있는데, 이 요일장은 시장주기와 입지라는 측면에서 전통적 정기시장인 5일장과 다른 특성을 나타낸다. 진주시에서는 요일장이 월요일에는 <이현 웰가아파트> 입구의 공터에서, 화요일에는 <금산 아파트단지>의 도로변에서, 수요일에는 <주약 한보아파트> 후문의 도로변에서, 목요일에는 <초전 아파트단지>의 도로변과 <망경 한보아파트> 입구의 공터에서, 금요일에는 <평거 들말한보타운> 인근의 도로변에서, 토요일에는 <가좌 주공그린빌아파트> 입구의 도로변과 <가호 아파트단지> 입구의 도로변에서 열리고 있다. 진주시 요일장에 상품을 출시하는 상인은 크게 세 부류로 나눌 수 있다. 첫 번째는 진주시 요일장들을 함께 순회하며 전업 상업 활동을 하는 이동 상인들이다. 두 번째는 자가 생산한 농산물을 요일장에 출시하는 농민 상인들(60대 이상의 여성)이다. 세 번째는 주로 간식류를 판매하는 노점 상인들이다. 진주시 요일장의 형성 원인을 기존의 정기시장에 관한 이론을 동원하여 세 가지 이론으로 설명하는 것이 가능하다. 첫째, 진주시 요일장에 출시하는 상인들은 일정한 지점들을 순회함으로써 수요를 확보할 수 있다. 둘째, 진주시 요일장에 출시하는 상인들은 영업상의 고정지출비용을 줄이면서도 적정 수준 이상의 수요를 확보할 수 있다. 셋째, 일주일에 한 번씩 요일장이 열리는 것은 진주시민의 생활리듬에 맞는다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 1988

This study is to analyse marketing and industrial structure of meat processing industry and to examine it's current situation related to agriculture. For this purpose 1. This paper surveys the history of meat processing industry, and analyses current situation of meat processing industry, based upon economic statistic data. 2. For the research of marketing structure of meat processing products, this paper not only ciassifies into three catagories; the supply of raw meat, main marketing organization, and path, but measures magnitude of Marketing Bill and Farmer's Share practically through statistic data and an on-the-spot survey. 3. This study also attempt to explain the relation of meat processing industry and the other industry and role of meat processing industry is Korean economy by the use of input-output table. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The meat processing industry in Korea produces low quality, and expensive raw meat with limited quality, inefficiency of marketing structure, and unrelated livestock and meat processing industry. 2. Korea market structure of meat processing products has been changed into oligopoly from monopoly by a new corporation entered into monopoly and the size of meat processing market firms has been normalized. 3. Meat processing industry is very important considering with its high back-linkage-effect. In order to develop meat processing industry and marketing, it is essential that operation of intergrated meat market center, meat market center should be efficiently operated. The efficient utilization of domestic resource for raw meat and development of processing technique have to be required, by means of the governmental support.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1017-1035
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• 2018

The European Union (EU) is the world's third largest producer of beef. This contributes to the economy, rural development, social life, culture and gastronomy of Europe. The diversity of breeds, animal types (cows, bulls, steers, heifers) and farming systems (intensive, extensive on permanent or temporary pastures, mixed, breeders, feeders, etc) is a strength, and a weakness as the industry is often fragmented and poorly connected. There are also societal concerns regarding animal welfare and environmental issues, despite some positive environmental impacts of farming systems. The EU is amongst the most efficient for beef production as demonstrated by a relative low production of greenhouse gases. Due to regional differences in terms of climate, pasture availability, livestock practices and farms characteristics, productivity and incomes of beef producers vary widely across regions, being among the lowest of the agricultural systems. The beef industry is facing unprecedented challenges related to animal welfare, environmental impact, origin, authenticity, nutritional benefits and eating quality of beef. These may affect the whole industry, especially its farmers. It is therefore essential to bring the beef industry together to spread best practice and better exploit research to maintain and develop an economically viable and sustainable beef industry. Meeting consumers' expectations may be achieved by a better prediction of beef palatability using a modelling approach, such as in Australia. There is a need for accurate information and dissemination on the benefits and issues of beef for human health and for environmental impact. A better objective description of goods and services derived from livestock farming is also required. Putting into practice "agroecology" and organic farming principles are other potential avenues for the future. Different future scenarios can be written depending on the major driving forces, notably meat consumption, climate change, environmental policies and future organization of the supply chain.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.53-89
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 귀농인이 농촌 지역사회에 정착하는 과정에서 수행하는 다양한 사회 경제 활동을 고찰하였다. 2006년 이후 발표된 것들 가운데 귀농인을 대상으로 한 면담 조사 내용을 인용하고 있는 연구물 8편을 분석하였다. 귀농인의 경제 활동을 농업생산 활동, 농산물 가공 및 농촌관광 등 농업 연관 농외소득활동, 농업과 무관한 겸업활동 등으로 분류하였다. 사회 활동을 자원봉사 활동, 지역사회 조직 활동, 학습 활동, 문화여가 활동, 지역 공동체 안에서 주민과의 일상적 관계 속에서 일어나는 일상적 상호작용 등으로 분류하였다. 그런 활동들이 어떤 양상으로 전개되고 있는지, 귀농인들은 그것에 어떤 의미를 부여하는지를 고찰하였다. 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 귀농 가의 농업 경영 규모는 대부분 소농이므로 귀농 가구의 다각적 경제활동을 촉진할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 귀농 가구의 다각적 경제활동은 농촌 지역사회의 경제적 지속가능성에도 기여할 것이다. 셋째, 귀농인의 경제 활동은 가구의 생계전략뿐만 아니라 자조적 지역사회 발전 전략이라는 차원에서도 의미 있는 활동이다. 넷째, 귀농인의 지역사회 참여는 농촌 지역사회의 사회자본 증진에 기여하는 활동이지만 단기간에 활발하게 이루어지지는 않고 있다. 다섯째, 여성 귀농인의 지역사회 참여 및 사회연결망 편입은 중요한 정책 과제이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1651-1659
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• 2017

Objective: Lao PDR's recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods: Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses-including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella-to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Results: Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. Conclusion: The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector.