• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.3
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• pp.23-40
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• 1997

This study has been made on the basis of the theoretical model of Beeker's time allocation concerning housewives' advance into society-- a primary cause for enlargint the scope of our food service market and developing the food service industry as a whole. The primary purpose of this study is to clarify the close relationship between housewives' activities in the course of allocating their time and the demand for the food service through Beeker's theory of“Total income and Total price”, analyzing the information obtained through the questionaires sent to the housewives in metropolitan areas. The result of the questionaires shows that the demand of food service is closely related to women's market activities. Yet it has become clear that the demand for food service correlates with housewives' allocation of time in terms of sharing profits. As a result, it is true that the increase in housewives' income per hour has brought about the increase of the term of employment and the decrease in their cooking time, thus greatly increasing the opportunities to dine out. In order words, the increase of housewives' income and the decrease in their cooking time have come to make a great contribution to shortening the time needed to take care of family matters while increasing the demand for eating out, or food service. And it is also clear that the common practice to dine out is derived from the reduction in our domestic duties, indicating the choice of social division of labour, but is needs to be noted that the gradual increase in women's income is sure to have exerted a considerable influence on this practice of eating out.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2015

A majority of menopausal women experience serious depressive symptom because they are disturbed by their menstruation stop and by multiple physiological symptoms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the related factors of depressive symptom of menopausal women in Korea. A multiple regression model was used to study in association with depressive symptom, controlling for socio-economic characteristics, health status and behavior characteristics, women's health, and family support characteristics. For the data, Menopausal women were 4,680 peoples were selected for this study. PASW 18.0 was used to study in association with affecting factors of depressive symptom in the menopausal women The study shows that Education level, Marital status, Income, Employment status, Activity limitations, Perceived health status, Perceived body Image recognition, Current smoking, AUDIT, Frequency of induced abortion, Frequency of eating out, Breakfast with family, Lunch with family were associated with depressive symptom of menopausal women in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the types of leisure activity and Korean form of geriatric depression score in the elderly. Methods: We surveyed elderly (>60 years old) people who participated in leisure activities using interviews in Bukgu district, Daegu city. Data collection was performed from 1 - 31 May, 2008. The data was analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program, which was used for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Common leisure activities scored 'often' and 'very often' were family conversations, offspring visiting, eating out, plant cultivation, entertainment, conversation, walking or jogging, and TV or radio. It was investigated at the rate of 19.2% in the moderate depression and 8.3% in the severely depression. Depression positively associated with newspaper or magazine, family conversation, offspring visiting, social service, movie & theater, exercise and tour. Conclusion: Most elderly people surveyed indicated they were depressed, which should recommend significant leisure activities for elderly to reduce depression in Bukgu district, Daegu city.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.509-519
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• 2016

Objectives: Adulterated food education in adolescence period is very important because dietary management related to food safety is not made in a short period. This study aimed to identify dietary lifestyle factors which drive adulterated food management among middle and high school students. Methods: Data was collected from 270 middle and high school students in Daegu using a self-administered questionnaire in March and April of 2015. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, ${\chi}^2$-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis. Results: The results of factor analysis indicated that adulterated food management awareness was classified into necessity, difficulty, and food purchasing anxiety. The adulterated food management capability was sub-grouped into environmental grasp, food identification, cooking hygiene, and situation management. The adulterated food management efficacy composed of management confidence, action intention, and knowledge. Dietary lifestyle comprised of gustation, family, and health factors after factor analysis, and it consisted of all seeking group, gustation seeking group, family seeking group, health seeking group, and family and health seeking group after cluster analysis. The gustation, family and health factors were significantly affected the factors of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management (p < 0.05). The frequency of health conditions, helping with meal preparation, and the times of eating out were significantly different according to seeking groups of dietary lifestyle (p < 0.01). The scores of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management of family and health seeking group were significantly higher than the other seeking groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that adulterated food management education programs should account for gustation, family and health factors of dietary lifestyle to be effective for adolescents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.381-391
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of housewives' dietary awareness and habits on the reduction and recycling of food waste products. We have done statistical analyses of 501 questionnaires answered by housewives living in Taegu city. The results are as follows: The dietary awareness is significantly different according to the housewives' ages. The group of above 50's age and the group of housewives and their husbands with a lower education level have a more traditional awareness and eating up habits. Also the younger group, and those with a higher education level who grew up in a big city have a more progressive dietary awareness. But the younger, higher income, small family, higher education level groups, and also employed housewives, produced more food waste products than the other groups, The groups thsose have traditional or rational awareness concerning dietary awareness, and those with good eating up and accurate cooking habits turned out to have more affirmative effects on the reduction and recycling of food waste products.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

This study was carried out to obtain the information concerning the perception and utilization patter of the housewives about the edible oil and fats. Data were obtained through questionnaires from 442 housewives in Chonbuk area. The eating frequency of food that used oil & fat was affected by age, residing area and educational level. family's preference score of food that used oil & fats was 3.34 point in the 5 point scale. 47% of the subjects answered that the intake rate of oil & fats had more from vegetable oils than animal sauces. Most of the subjects had negative response such as increased cholesterol and body weight for psychological state after the intake of food that used oil & fats. The main reason why some housewives did not use frequently oil & fats was inconvenience of tidying up. The kinds of the oil & fat used frequently were soybean oil, sesame oil, com oil and perilla oil. The nutrition knowledge score rotated to oil & fat was 7.62 point in the 10 point scale. The eating frequency of food that used oil & fats and its preference were positively correlated. These results indicate that the housewives haute a widespread tendency to pursue a health and convenience in the utilization of edible oil & fats.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.131-147
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify food management behavior of housewives in island areas and to find if the behavior patterns were different between the regions, Hansan and Ullung island. An instalment based on previous researches was designed to measure food management behavior and was administered to 274 housewives in 1994 and 1998. Considering the condition of cooking-equipment possession, the percentage of possession for refrigerator, mix, electric range were significantly higher for households in Hansan Island than their counterparts. For food-budget planning, those in Ullung Island were more likly to plan their budget than those in Hansan Island. Menu planning patterns, considerable factors for food selection as well as cooking, and eating habits between meals were tuned out to be different between Hansan and Ullung areas. The findings of this study suggest that the condition of cooking-equipment possession, food-budget and menu planning, considerable factors for food selection and cooking, eating habits between meals were likely to vary depending on regions. Although housewives in two areas were living in island, they were not necessarily be uniform for all households but were diversified in food management behavior. Half of the respondents in Hansan Island and three-forth of the respondents in Ullung Island reported they had not planned their meal budget. The percentage of those who did not have their planned menu was 52.7∼54.1% in Hansan Island and 37.1∼38.5% in Ullung Island. When purchasing food material, housewives in Hansan Island consider the seasoning food as the most important factor, whereas those in Ullung Island consider family preference as the most important factor

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.587-600
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze customer needs for the operation of unmanned food stores on a university campus. Methods: A total of 329 responses were collected from customers who had purchased food at the stores. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program for frequency analysis, χ2-test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: On average, the overall satisfaction score for lunch and the eating location was 3.91 out of 5 points. Overall satisfaction was significantly higher for home cooking, and lower for eating at convenience stores (p < 0.001), and the score for eating with family was significantly higher than for eating alone or with friends (p < 0.001). On average, the intention to use an unmanned store received a score of 3.98 out of 5 points, while 'home cooking (3.76)' was significantly lower than other eating locations and eating at 'convenience stores (4.38)' was significantly higher than other eating locations (p < 0.05). The desired time of use for unmanned food stores was 'lunch (54.1%)', 'dinner (46.2%)', and 'afternoon snack (41.9%)', and the desired foods were 'doshirak (62.0%)', 'sandwich (56.2%)', 'fruit cup (54.4%)', 'salad (51.7%)', and 'kimbap (50.5%)'. There were significantly more opinions that single-person households would use unmanned food stores for dinner more than family households (p < 0.05), and significantly more willingness to purchase fruit cup (p < 0.05). The average prices (Korean won) that the subjects were willing to pay for the purchase of food were 4,991 for doshirak, 3,403 for salad, 2,745 for fruit cup, 2,609 for sandwich, and 2,235 for kimbap. Conclusion: For the successful operation of the unmanned food stores on the university campus, the store manager should grasp the customer's needs in real-time and establish an effective marketing strategy.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2003

Although a generation-related difference in nutrient and food-group intake has been broadly recognized in the Japanese population, few studies have examined the difference and correlation of intakes with consideration of a family line and co-habitation status. We conducted a dietary survey using female college students in dietetic course in Aichi, Japan, and their mothers and grandmothers. A validated self-administered diet history questionnaire was used for assessment of intakes. Data from 110 families were included in the analysis. The means of 13 nutrients and 10 food groups (of the 15 and 14, respectively) showed significant differences among the three generations. A significant difference was observed in the carbohydrate, protein, saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, and fish intakes between the students living with their mothers and those apart. In the correlation analyses between generations, moderate correlation was observed for most nutrients and food groups between the students and their mothers living together (correlation range = 0.30-0.61 for nutrients, and = 0.21 -0.56 for food groups). A wide variation with no consistency was observed for the correlation between the students and their grandmothers (-0.18 -0.59 and -0.33 -0.65, respectively), No meaningful correlation was observed between any two generations living apart. Among the food groups examined, pulses, fish, and vegetables showed relatively large differences for the correlation between two groups with different living conditions. When living together, the correlation coefficients for nutrients and food groups between the students and their mothers decreased according to the increase in frequency of eating out by the students. These results suggest that living together and eating together were an important factor for the resemblance in dietary habits between generations in the population with a marked generation-related difference in intakes. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 93-104, 2003)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 1994

This study was surveyed by 319 male and 336 female college students in Seoul for food behavior and effect of Western food on food life. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The recognition of Korean folk food was higher in female than male students. 2. Eating type of college students appeared that they prefered to cooked rice at breakfast, lunch, and dinner because of a general food type of their family. 3. The favorite food items in college students showed fruits in female and meat in male. 4. Eating out type with family appeared mainly Korean food, because of their preference. 5. The 29% of college students visited fast food restaurants more than $1{\sim}2$ times per week. 6. In compared to Western food, the Korean food were favored by college students but cooking process of food were complicated. 7. The preference of Korean food against Western food was mostly higher in male than female. 8. The standard of food choice were taste and convenience of food. 9. Main factor of food habit change appeared convenience of buying easily. 10. The influence of the Western food in our food behavior were easy to buying but not fit our preference. 11. Opinion of students in order to keep Korean food were follows; Various food development, enlargement of consumption market, correct education about Korean food and change of people consciousness through consumer campaign.