• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.545-560
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• 2019

Unlike other critical forest diseases, pine pitch canker in Korea has shown rather mild symptoms of partial loss of crown foliage and leaf discoloration. This study used high-resolution satellite images to detect and monitor canopy decline by pine pitch canker. To enhance the subtle change of canopy reflectance in pitch canker damaged tree crowns, multi-temporal analysis was applied to two KOMPSAT multispectral images obtained in 2011 and 2015. To assure the spectral consistency between the two images, radiometric corrections of atmospheric and shadow effects were applied prior to multi-temporal analysis. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each image and the NDVI difference (${\Delta}NDVI=NDVI_{2015}-NDVI_{2011}$) between two images were derived. All negative ΔNDVI values were initially considered any pine stands, including both pitch canker damaged trees and other trees, that showed the decrease of crown foliage from 2011 to 2015. Next, $NDVI_{2015}$ was used to exclude the canopy decline unrelated to the pitch canker damage. Field survey data were used to find the spectral characteristics of the damaged canopy and to evaluate the detection accuracy from further analysis.Although the detection accuracy as assessed by limited number of field survey on 21 sites was 71%, there were also many false alarms that were spectrally very similar to the damaged canopy. The false alarms were mostly found at the mixed stands of pine and young deciduous trees, which might invade these sites after the pine canopy had already opened by any crown damages. Using both ${\Delta}NDVI$ and $NDVI_{2015}$ could be an effective way to narrow down the potential area of the pitch canker damage in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.5-23
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• 1995

According to a well-known argument (so-called the Godelian argument) proposed by Lucas. Godel's theorem refutes the thesis of mechanism. that is, the thesis that human cognitive system is no more than a Turing machine. The main aim of this paper is to show that this argument is not successful. However. I also argue that many pre-existing objections (by Benacerraf, Slezak. Boyer. Hofstadter etc.) to Gooelian argument are not satisfactory. either. Using Tarski's theorem. I then strengthen what I caII the consistency objection to Godelian argument. In my dilemma objection obtained. Godelian argument doesn't work because the argument has a false premise if we have the concept of global truth and the argument cannot be stated if not.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.51-62
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the osteoporosis preventive educational program has changed the middle-aged women's knowledge on osteoporosis. A one group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 27 women (at pretest) and 27 women (at posttest) who were volunteers participated. The intervention program content included lecture and exercise entitled The Prevention of Osteoporosis. This program design consisted of one 3-hour session per week and lasted over 4-week period. Osteoporosis Knowledge Questionnaire (OKQ) was used. The OKQ contains 20 true-false items to measure the knowledge levels about osteoporosis. The Kuder-Richardson test (KR 20), used as an estimate of internal consistency for knowledge, was .7783. Overwhelming majority of the participants (96.2％) were ranging in age from 40 to 60. About half of the participants were college graduates and the majority of them (77.8％) had no jobs. The educational program significantly increased osteoporosis knowledge in middle-aged women. Results of this study shows that educational program is effective in increasing knowledge of osteoporosis. Further study using the same program with different age group is needed to measure knowledge, behavior and attitude on osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2017

The present study introduces a method to parallelize k-means clustering algorithm for fast unsupervised classification of large satellite imagery. Known as a representative algorithm for unsupervised classification, k-means clustering is usually applied to a preprocessing step before supervised classification, but can show the evident advantages of parallel processing due to its high computational intensity and less human intervention. Parallel processing codes are developed by using multi-threading based on OpenMP. In experiments, a PC of 8 multi-core integrated CPU is involved. A 7 band and 30m resolution image from LANDSAT 8 OLI and a 8 band and 10m resolution image from Sentinel-2A are tested. Parallel processing has shown 6 time faster speed than sequential processing when using 10 classes. To check the consistency of parallel and sequential processing, centers, numbers of classified pixels of classes, classified images are mutually compared, resulting in the same results. The present study is meaningful because it has proved that performance of large satellite processing can be significantly improved by using parallel processing. And it is also revealed that it easy to implement parallel processing by using multi-threading based on OpenMP but it should be carefully designed to control the occurrence of false sharing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2020

This study examines the fact-check coverage provided by the SNU fact-check center site(factcheck.snu.ac.kr). A total of 50 articles that were cross-checked by multiple news media organizations were analyzed. The study's variables were topics, types, characteristics, consistency of the news media organizations' judgement, and fact-check sources. This study found that fact-checking coverage was generally focused on presidential or general election candidates or politicians, as well as political topics. The types of fact-checking coverage primarily included factual information, as well as some opinions or interpretations. Fact-check coverage was mainly focused on the facts of the statements themselves, causal relationships, or the timing or target of the comparison criteria. On average, the fact-checking coverage most frequently assigned the judgment 'mostly false, and primarily used interviews of individuals or data from organizations involved in the issue, government data, and experts' statements as the bases for its fact-checking judgements.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

Mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is an unusual neoplasm characterized by giant cells, mononuclear stromal cells, and hemorrhage accompanying a low grade carcinoma. We present the cytological findings in a case of invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells that was initially confused with a fibroadenoma, due to its well-demarcated and soft mass and the young age of the patient. A 28-year-old female presented with a 4.5 cm, well demarcated, soft and nontender mass in the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a combination of low grade malignant epithelial cell clusters and osteoclast-like giant cells. The atypical epithelial cells were present in cohesive sheets and clusters. Osteoclast-like giant cells and bland-looking mononuclear cells were scattered. An histological examination revealed the presence of an invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. We report here the cytological findings of this rare carcinoma in a very young woman. The minimal atypia of the epithelial cells and its soft consistency may lead to a false negative diagnosis in a young woman. The recognition that osteoclastlike giant cells are rarely present in a low grade carcinoma, but not in benign lesion, can assist the physician in making a correct diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.619-628
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge level of pressure ulcer among hospital nurses through a cross-sectional survey by using the pressure ulcer knowledge assessment tool of Beitz et al.(1998). The total of subjects was 160 voluntary participants (60 were from Hospital A and 100 were from Hospital B) working at adult patients' units in two university hospitals located in the same city. None of the hospitals had expert nurses of pressure ulcer nor provided a regular pressure ulcer education program during the past one year. The survey tool consisted of 32 true-false items which were grouped into the risk factors knowledge category(13 items), the wound assessment knowledge category(4 items), and the treatment methods knowledge category(15 items). An internal consistency reliability test of the tool yielded an overall coefficient of 0.72; the coefficient for the risk factors knowledge category was 0.40, that for the wound assessment knowledge category was 0.33; that for the treatment knowledge category was 0.54. The main findings of the study are as follows. 1) Demographic characteristics of the two hospital nurses were similar except for the educational level(p=0.029) and the work units(p=0.001). These observations were maintained even if Hospital A and B were separately compared. 2) The knowledge level of the subjects about pressure ulcer in general was low as indicated by 53.3 points(of 100 possible points) on average. The knowledge level about treatment methods of pressure ulcer was the lowest as indicated by 47.0 points on average. 3) No correlation between the knowledge level of the pressure ulcer and the demographic characteristics of nurses was found except that the knowledge level of I.C.U. nurses was significantly higher(p=0.0003) than that of nurses in other units(p=0.2926) in the case of Hospital A. 4) The knowledge level of nurses in Hospital B was higher than for nurses in Hospital A. The reason was not identified, but it seems that it is related to the role of the I.C.U. or some other factors. The study results confirmed the existing literature that knowledge level of nurses about pressure ulcer is low regardless of age, educational level, or work experience. However, the working place(unit) affected the knowledge level. Further research on the exact reason for the differences in the knowledge level is needed in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.43
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• pp.43-70
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• 2015

The value and validity of elite oral materials have been questioned because of their gaps with 'fact'. The purpose of this article is to analyze these gaps and to propose some solutions that can reduce the gaps. According to the analysis of this article, there are three types of the gaps that qualitatively differ from each other. The first type of the gaps is produced in the process of generation of memory. This type is made because informants cognize and memorize the facts that exist outside themselves. Selective cognition, selective memory and individual experience come under this category. The second type is produced in the process of preserving the memory. Forgetting and memory transformation are main examples of this type. The third type is produced in the process of the interviews with the informants. False statements or lies fall into this category. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) all gaps in oral materials are not necessarily negative. It is because Some of these gaps- the first and the second type- are not only parts of the real world but also very useful for interpreting the world. 2) The third type of the gaps are very harmful and it is need to be eradicated or reduced. For this, this article proposes some solutions.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.446-463
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• 2022

This study suggests the need for polar literacy education as an effective conceptual system to explain climate change in terms of science education in line with the common effort of humankind to respond to global environmental changes. To this end, we investigated the status of polar literacy in high school students through quantitative tests and qualitative interviews and discussed the resulting implications. A total of 329 high school sophomore students from two high schools participated in a test consisting of 25 true and false questions developed by referring to the Polar Literacy Principles, while 13 students agreed to be interviewed. The results showed that a somewhat insufficient understanding and conceptual gaps appeared regarding several areas of the Polar Literacy Principles. Knowledge of the geographic features of the polar regions was weak, and little was known about the components and key characteristics of the cryosphere. The lack of understanding of these concepts results in the inability of students to link the operational mechanisms of polar and global climate change sufficiently. While accepting unsatisfactory concepts in the school curriculum without criticism from outside media, students perceived the mechanism of climate change as somewhat monotonous or distorted. Moreover, linguistic information, analogies, and visual observation were used as cognitive strategies to compensate for the ambiguous understanding of polar and climate change. Based on the abovementioned results, we argue that polar literacy education should be introduced as a new knowledge system that can be used to aid a systematic and comprehensive understanding of climate change within the school science curriculum. Additionally, we suggest the following implications: review the consistency of knowledge related to polar literacy in other subjects, provide critical standards for out-of-school media information related to climate change, examine students' misconceptions, and identify improved thinking strategies.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.211-239
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• 2020

This study examined characteristics and judges' judgments regarding sexual violence cases against individuals with intellectual disabilities by analyzing total 716 cases of court decision. Of 716 cases, 6.0% sentenced not guilty, 53.5% imprisonment, 36.7% suspended sentence. More than half of the victims had experienced sexual assault more than one time with the tendency of repeating being higher when the accused were relatives or acquaintances to the victims. In half of the total cases, the victims were not able to specify the time of incidents. Only in 20% of the cases, there was actual compulsion but in the remaining cases, there was no clear coercion used during the crimes. There are three issues regarding court's decision of sexual assault case against individuals with intellectually disabilities; (1) credibility of victims' statement, (2) inability of resist during the crimes, and (3) whether the accused were aware of the victims's disabilities. In the judgment of credibility of statement, consistency of statement was the criterion that was used most frequently, being followed by specificity of statement, motivation for false accusation, cognitive capacity of victim, and reports of statement validity analysis in the order. The most frequently used criterion of inability to resist was the victim's statement and attitude, followed by the statement and attitude of the accused, the victim's knowledge and understanding of sexuality in the order. Regarding to the awareness of disabilities on the part of the accused, the statement and attitude of the accused was most frequently used, the victims' communicative abilities, duration of relationship, and daily life competence in the order. There were no differences in the rulings and issues according to levels of disabilities and gender. When victims were under 13 credibility of statement became more argues but the awareness of disabilities less frequently than the cases of victims who were 13 or older.