• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 2002

This study is designed to offer basic materials necessary for the instruction of effective clinical practices and the establishment of relationship with patients by means of making an analysis of the characteristics of patients affecting the behavior of students majoring in dental hygiene avoiding patients and countermeasures. With this in mind, the researcher worked with sophomores and juniors exposed to clinical practices during the period ranging from October 22, 2001 to November 9, 2001. The researcher came to the following conclusions on the basis of the findings of this survey. 1. The characteristics of patients influencing the behavior of avoiding them were categorized into appearance characteristics, personality characteristics, treatment-cooperative characteristics, and speech and behavior characteristics. Speech and behavior characteristics(4.26) turned out to be the most influential factor of all, which was followed by treatment-cooperative characteristics(3.68), personality characteristics(3.62) and appearance characteristics(3.42) in the right order. 2. The survey shows that foul breath and obnoxious oral(3.94) cavity were the worst factors of appearance characteristics and that using abusive language and being too aggressive(4.41) were the worst factors of personality characteristics. The study reveals that not putting faith in trainees(4.02) was the highest factor of treatment-cooperative characteristics and that using abusive language(4.50) was the highest factor of speech and behavior characteristics. 3. There was a significant positive relation between the domains of the characteristics of avoiding patients. The study indicates that the more subjects avoided the characteristics of patients, the more they avoided appearance characteristics(r =.444, p<.001) and that the more subjects avoided treatment-cooperative characteristics, the more they avoided appearance characteristics(r=.324, P<.001) and personality characteristics(r=.691, p<.001), and that the more they avoided speech and behavior characteristics, the more they avoided appearance characteristics(r=.265, p<.001) and personality characteristics (r=.531, p<.001). 4. The study shows that there was a significant difference between appearance characteristics and the growth areas of the subjects(p<.05) and that there was a significant difference between the satisfaction of clinical practices(p<.05) and health status(p<.05) in terms of personality characteristics. 5. The subjects avoided preschoolers, whose age ranged from 4 to 6(33.5%), most and avoided boys(71.4%) more than girls. They avoided those who were bereft of jobs(62.9%). And they avoided handicapped persons most in terms of special patients and avoided infant patients(31.0%). 6. The subjects turned out to have negative and passive countermeasures against those patients that had ever been avoided. So the researcher would like to suggest that theoretic education and training programs should be conducted in this respect by incorporating this mailer into the hygiene curriculum.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4768-4776
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• 2015

This study was conducted to identify factors affecting acculturation stress among Chinese students in Korea. 239 Chinese students in Korea were surveyed using a structured questionnaire from September 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. The results were as follows. The subjects' acculturation stress was 3.29 out of 5. Their overall spiritual well-being was 3.10 out of 5, and their existential spiritual well-being and religious spiritual well-being were 3.67 and 2.54, respectively. On the other hand, demand for religious activities was 4.37 out of 6. Factors affecting acculturation stress among Chinese students in Korea were age, school year, period of stay in Korea, Korean language skill, demand for religion, and existential spiritual well-being, and their explanatory power was 36.1%. These findings suggest that religious activities need to include programs not only for guiding their lives of faith but also for improving their understanding of Korean culture and their Korean language skill and supporting their practical lives while studying in Korea.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.201-223
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• 2015

Concerning post-verification which is after the application of FTA preferential tariffs, in cases such as Korea-EFTA and Korea-ASEAN, the growing trend of post-verifications was restricted and there was no active research concerning this; whereas with Korea-EU FTA which adopted indirect verification for post-verification, the demand for post-verification has been rising constantly each year; and for Korea-US FTA which has adopted direct verification, a new approach to post-verification research is needed as it began genuine post-verification regarding many national enterprises only after a year and a half since the agreement. This study will consider the counter measures that can be taken for post-verification, through case of studies on the factors influencing violation of determining the country of origin for export company regarding verification of FTA. Result of this case study regarding the determining a violation of origin, The main cause of the violation factors on the essential & general principles(goods wholly obtained, value added criteria) are lack of understanding agreement & manpower. but Violation of the parties to a transaction & the origin certification are lack of advanced preparation and effected violation of principle of good faith. Finally, In this study help countermeasures of export company through the Detailed analysis of the type & implications deriving from verification of origin.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-94
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• 2015

Since American Airlines launched AAdvantage which was the first Frequent Flyer Program in 1981, many people has accumulated mileage credits, and now, frequent flyer program(FFP) is the universal marketing tool to the airlines. These days, airlines establish a strategic alliance with domestic and foreign companies of various fields ; other airlines, travel agencies, car hire firms, hotels, department stores, even credit card companies. However, more people want to use their mileage credits, more airlines reject to approve that or change frequent flyer program against their customers. Last year, Northwest, Inc. v. Ginsberg, the United State Supreme Court made a decision that the preemption provision of Airlines Deregulation Act(ADA) preempts state laws related to rates, routes and services for air carriers including implied covenant of good faith and fare dealing. Thus, the claim of Ginsberg was canceled, it means that Northwest Inc. could terminated one-sidedly his membership in the frequent flyer program. In the contrast, Korea does not have the statute like ADA. If customers file a claim on FFP like Ginsberg, the courts of Korea judge whether the clauses of standard form contract are unfair or not. Therefore, in this article, Ginsberg would be checked on legal issues and be compared briefly with the courts' ruling in Korea.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.136-151
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• 2003

The summarized analysis result of this research is as follows. First, regarding the difference of preceding variable and dependent variable, statistically considerable difference did not appear between self determination and personal relations in educational background and between groups of self determination in hotel type, and statistically considerable difference appeared among other groups. Second, regression analysis result between empowerment and job satisfaction turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, influence power, role performance ability and self-decision nature. Third, regression analysis result between empowerment and job devotion turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, role performance ability and influence power. Fourth, regression analysis result between empowerment and organization devotion turned out that statistically considerable result is exerted in the order of influence power and personal relations ability. Fifth, it turned out that statistically relative high correlation existed among correlation of empowerment and result variable such as job satisfaction, job devotion and organization devotion. The above-mentioned matters considered, this research proposes following points. This research examines the effect of empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of culinary staff in the hotel. the effect of the variable of empowerment on result variable shows that role performance ability, influence power and personal relations ability are important variables. Therefore, to improve the role performance ability of members of kitchen, it is essential for each individual to improve their ability and to have confidence at the time of business performance. So, this research implies that consistent and systematic training is necessary for increasing the ability and confidence. In order to improve influence power, it is necessary for members of an organization to have strong faith that their jobs determine the success of the company, and to increase the sense of self-control by letting them have the right of self determination, so that all members may have strong desire to transact business. This research implies that in order to improve personal relations ability, it is necessary for members of an organization to discover the best method of decision-making and solve problems through members' developing mutual action, and for managers to take personal characteristics into account so that members may have belief and confidence in their job and realize the value of their job. In conclusion, the person in charge of personnel affairs and the manager in charge of kitchen need to realize the importance of empowerment and especially have an much interest in all parts including self determination, influence power and role performance ability and personal relations ability etc.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.149-163
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present a plan to activate the production and consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products through an analysis on the understanding degree, the level and inclination of consumption, the satisfaction degree of consumption, and the comprehension degree of production and circulation process of the environmently friendly agricultural products. 1 reviewed the literature and did survey In this study. The results are as follows : (1) As a result of an analysis on the understanding degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is shown to get 6.37 points out of 10 and also, there is a difference between age, educational background, and income level. (2) In the case of research on the method to distinguish the environmently friendly agricultural products from others, it is proved that consumers have a strong faith on quality guarantee marks and there is a difference between gender, income level, and consumption period. (3) It is also shown that consumers purchase environmently friendly agricultural products for the family member's health in the survey on the motivation for purchasing them. And also, there is a difference between men and women. (4) The result of the survey on the consumption scale of the environmently friendly agricultural products shows that 94 people(60.3％) spend more than 50％ of their gloss foodstuffs cost purchasing them and 20 people(12.8％) spend 30-50％. (5) In the survey on the amount and the frequency of the purchasing items of the envirounently friendly agricultural products, respondents count livestock products mostly in amount while point out main cereals and a kinds of soy and pastes in frequency. (6) Consumers ask that the price of environmently friendly agricultural products is a little expensive or reasonable and there is no differences between individual groups. (7) In the case of the purchase of foreign environmently friendly agricultural products, there are more people who want to purchase domestic ones than those who want foreign ones. Therefore, it is shown that environmently friendly agricultural products have a counterpower after the market-open to import. (8) As a result of the analysis on the quality of environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that they have better quality than general agricultural products and also, it is found out that women feel larger differences than men in quality. (9) In the analysis on the satisfaction degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that respondents trust the safety and nutrition of them whereas they are not satisfied with the external shape of them. (10) It is analyzed that tile conversion of consumer's consciousness is the most critical factor for development of environmently friendly agriculture. (11) The factors to activate the consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products are proved in order of the enlargement of direct transaction, the conversion of consumer's consciousness, the easiness of purchase, activating consumers'unions, and publicity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.317-340
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• 2013

The modern society has undergone the fast change of the family structure and labor market. Particularly, the compatibility of work and family life became the era's agenda while the labor force participation rate of the women increased. However, the family-friendly organizational culture was not created and the job engagement of the married female workers was decreased. The married female workers complained of suffering due to the work and family conflict. This research was conducted to study a relationship between family-friendly organizational culture and job engagement of married female social workers, and secondly to investigate if family conflict affect the relationship. From the results of the study, it was known that family-friendly organizational culture has effect on the job engagement, and work and family conflict play an intermediary role between the organizational culture and job engagement. Therefore, it can be explained that family-friendly organizational culture enhances the job engagement of married female social workers, and the culture would be a good measure of the compatibility of work and family life. Based on the study, it is suggested that public relation and education need to be preceded for the spread of family-friendly organizational culture by national initiated programs. Secondly, in terms of welfare organization, related regulations and guidelines need to be prepared, and thirdly, in the view of individual respect, members of family should have their own rights to put forth an opinion grandly with firm faith of the compatibility of work and family life.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1998

The Miaos who is the minority people mainly living in the southwestern part of China, expressed their indicator and solidarity through the costume in order to maintain their racial character while experiencing numerous adversities over thousands of years, where the costume has served as a source of cohesion as well as a primitive religious thought, and also showed their faith, desire, longing and aspiration. This study examined the Miao's traditional costume by classifying it into the following; hair style, headdress, upper and lower garments, and other costume. And the silver ornaments used for attire and their symbolic meaning were examined. The result of the study is summarized as follows. 1. The reason that types of the costume has been diversified is because there was promise of ancestors who intended to differently express the type of a kind as symbol of the racial branch that is the Miao's special type of society. Thus, the costume type could tell where a tribe live. Another reason is because only marriage between families with different surname but the same type of costume was accepted. 2. As women made and wore the costume themselves, it also served as a means of being proud of their skill or wealth, they tried to make it more beautiful and it was also used as a token of marriage or love between relatively enlightened men and women. 3. The design used on the costume was expressed as a symbolic meaning of indicator to strengthen the racial solidarity because it connoted worship to ancestors who had experienced lots of adversities. 4. The hair style was expressed in various styles by using Kache such as Chukye, Byunbal and Kokye. It is likely that ornaments used on the head of women in the form of cow's horn or silver crown were used as one of the methods to stress the valuableness of the cattle that were essential to agricultural life. In addition, various styles of turbans were used to indicate the respective regions. 5. Cock's feather ornaments or silver ornaments in the form of pheasant's feather on the edge of women's skirts, peasant's feathers that men wore on their head, or Baekjoui and men wore resulted from the Miaos' thought of adoration for birds, which implied a primitive religious meaning. 6. As the region where the Miaos live yields much silver, the silver ornaments were mostly used to be proud of wealth, which symbolized light and pureness.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.125-146
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• 2010

The G20 summit is the premier forum for international economic cooperation and it will be held in Seoul in November 2010. However, protests are expected during the Seoul summit, as a part of the deepening global war against capitalism. The Korean Police need to deal with these protests effectively in order to provide security to the participating leaders and make the meeting run on wheel as planned. The current study attempts to analyze the death of Ian Tomlinson who died in the context of a heavily policed protest during 2009 G20 London summit. There are number of unique features regarding this incident, such as the public scrutiny of police conduct through video footage, the police use of excessive force, and the process to hold the police to account for misconduct. This incident caused serious damages to the public's faith in the British police. Based on the analysis, this study found that during the G20 London summit British police had the problems such as the lack of the clear standards on the use of force, improper training in the use of force, poor communications with the media and protesters, inappropriate use of the close containment tactic, and the failure to display police identification. Therefore, this study suggests the inducement of peaceful protests, the adoption of a set of standards on the use of force, public order training that is more directed and more relevant to the public order challenges facing the Korean police, improvement of the communication with the media and protesters, enhancement of individual officer's accountability as public order policing strategies for G20 Seoul summit meeting. However, the most fundamental principle is that Korean police must place a high value on tolerance and winning the consent of the public.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.13-28
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the better application of the law which is about the AED installation and more effective ways of emergency medical care system, to understand the law and to research the current condition of public facilities which belong to local governments, and to seize the aspect of safety guards who currently work in order to provide the installation of AED in the public facilities and to provide more efficient emergency medical service with the effectuation of the immunity law of the good intention of first-aid treatment. Methods: In Gwang-ju, 234 public facilities have been identified by 31 December, 2008. With the exception of the duplication, we researched 158 facilities and received the answers from 95 of them. Results: In the research, 53% of them have had internal emergency first-aid education, and 55% of them didn't have this education and a CPR education manual, and 30% of the facilities even didn't know how to connect with the manager of the company for the first-aid department. On the other hand, most of them were highly interested in CPR and AED education on the ratio of 91% and 93%. 88% of them have been trained about first-aid, 51% of them haven't been retrained, 17% have never been trained. so, the reality of emergency system at public facilities is serious. 78% of them knew they are working at public facilities, though 49% of them didn't know about AED installation. 57% of them didn't know the fact there is the immunity law related with good intentions for first-aid treatment. 63% of the facilities have security guards, and 30% of them didn't answer the questions. Also, many of them agreed to the opinion that all employees should have first-aid training. At representative survey report of participator of public-facility, emergency treatment is 61%, 16% of patients calling. Accordingly they importantly think better doing an on-site first-aid than evacuating the patient. And the rates show that 57% of them answerers tend to call Fire-Office(119) for evacuating the patients, and 28% of them EMIC(1339) for the first-aid. Conclusions: In this study, we are suggest to improve the details of the efficient operations and management after the grasp of the uninstallation, indifference, and unreliable conditions of AED. 1) Need a publicity of AED install cognition which is an emergency medical instrument at public facilities. 2) Arrangement of safety agents at facilities and concerns about them for good management from the parties concerned. 3) Need a designation of legal details according to the decision of the AED installation and the standard of the AED installation. 4) Training about first-aid of safety guards and the persons concerned in the facilities should be practiced participation with the positive and through this, first-aid treatment could be done by anyone who knows the immunity law related to medical emergency. 5) The brochures for the potential users and the results form practicing the instructions need to be improved in many ways through recording the emergency cases that have happened.