• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

최근 지능형 로봇에 대한 관심이 모아지고 있다. 지능형 로봇의 가장 큰 특징은 사용자를 추적, 인식하고 그 결과를 기반으로 상호활동적인 대응을 할 수 있다는 점이다. 얼굴인식이 다른 생채인식과의 비교에서 장점을 가질 수 있는 점은 비 강제성과 비 접촉성을 들 수 있다. 그러나 얼굴인식은 얼굴 취득단계부터 차원의 감소가 발생하고 인식하고자 하는 얼굴 및 주변 환경 변화가 매우 심하기 때문에 다른 생체인식에 비하여 인식률이 낮다. 얼굴인식의 성능을 저하시키는 요인들로는 조명변화, 포즈변화, 표정변화, 카메라와의 거리 등을 들 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 실제 환경에서 얼굴 인식 성능에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 포즈변화에 대응하기 위하여 새로운 선형이동 능동형 카메라를 개발하여, 정면 얼굴에 근접한 영상을 취득하고 주성분 분석 및 Hidden Markov Model 알고리듬을 이용하여 인식률을 개선하고자 한다. 제한된 방법은 지능형 보안시스템 및 모바일 로봇에 적용하는 것을 목표로 개발 되었지만, 높은 정확도의 얼굴인식을 요구하는 응용분야에 널리 적용할 수가 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2017

Background Composite grafts are frequently used for facial reconstruction. However, the unpredictability of the results and difficulties with large defects are disadvantages. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) express several cytokines, and increase the survival of random flaps and fat grafts owing to their angiogenic potential. Methods This study investigated composite graft survival after ADSC injection. Circular chondrocutaneous composite tissues, 2 cm in diameter, from 15 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Thirty ears were randomly divided into 3 groups. In the experimental groups (1 and 2), ADSCs were subcutaneously injected 7 days and immediately before the operation, respectively. Similarly, phosphate-buffered saline was injected in the control group just before surgery in the same manner as in group 2. In all groups, chondrocutaneous composite tissue was elevated, rotated 90 degrees, and repaired in its original position. Skin flow was assessed using laser Doppler 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after surgery. At 1 and 12 days after surgery, the viable area was assessed using digital photography; the rabbits were euthanized, and immunohistochemical staining for CD31 was performed to assess neovascularization. Results The survival of composite grafts increased significantly with the injection of ADSCs (P<0.05). ADSC injection significantly improved neovascularization based on anti-CD31 immunohistochemical analysis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression (P<0.05) in both group 1 and group 2 compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences in graft survival, anti-CD31 neovascularization, or microcirculation were found between groups 1 and 2. Conclusions Treatment with ADSCs improved the composite graft survival, as confirmed by the survival area and histological evaluation. The differences according to the injection timing were not significant.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2007

The main objective of our research is analyzing user's emotional changes while using a product, to reveal the influence of usability on human emotions. In this study we have extracted some emotional words that can come up during user interaction with a product and reveal emotional changes through three methods. Finally, we extracted 88 emotional words for measuring user's emotions expressed while using products. And we categorized the 88 words to form 6 groups by using factor analysis. The 6 categories that were extracted as a result of this study were found to be user's representative emotions expressed while using products. It is expected that emotional words and user's representative emotions extracted in this study will be used as subjective evaluation data that is required to measure user's emotional changes while using a product. Also, we proposed the effective methods for measuring user's emotion expressed while using a product in the environment which is natural and accessible for the field of design, by using the emotion mouse and the Eyegaze. An examinee performs several tasks with the emotion mouse through the mobile phone simulator on the computer monitor connected to the Eyegaze. While testing, the emotion mouse senses user's EDA and PPG and transmits the data to the computer. In addition, the Eyegaze can observe the change of pupil size. And a video camera records user's facial expression while testing. After each testing, a subjective evaluation on the emotional changes expressed by the user is performed by the user him/herself using the emotional words extracted from the above study. We aim to evaluate the satisfaction level of usability of the product and compare it with the actual experiment results. Through continuous studies based on these researches, we hope to supply a basic framework for the development of interface with consideration to the user's emotions.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

정확하게 피부 색상을 검출하는 방법은 얼굴 인식 및 추적, 표정 인식, 성인 영상 검출, 헬스케어 등의 다양한 분야에서 매우 유용하게 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 일반광과 실내 조명이 더해진 환경에서 피사체의 거리를 변경하면서, 그리고피사체배경의색상을변경함에따라다양한피부색상검출알고리즘의성능을비교평가한다. 실험대상은 피부톤의 차이를 보이는 남자 2명과 여자 한 명이고, 배경을 화이트, 블랙, 오렌지, 핑크, 옐로우의 5가지 색으로 구분하여 테스트를 하였다. 성능 평가에 사용한 피부색상 추출 알고리즘은 Peer 알고리즘, NNYUV, NNHSV, LutYUV, Kismet 알고리즘이며, 카메라와 피사체 사이의 거리는 60cm에서 120cm 사이로 한정하여 실험을 하였다. 성능 측정 실험 결과 피사체의 배경 변화에 따른 알고리즘이 성능의 차이를 보이는데, 전반적으로 뉴럴 네트워크를 이용한 NNHSV, NNYUV, 그리고 LutYUV이 안정적인 결과를 보여주었으며, 나머지 알고리즘들은 배경의 변화에 따라 피부색상 검출율이 영향을 많이 받았다. 본 논문에서 보여준 다양한 성능 평가 결과들은 피사체의 주변 환경이 동적으로 변화하는 실제 환경에서 상황에 따라 적응적이고 정확도가 높은 피부 색상 추출 알고리즘을 개발하는데 효과적으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2007

오늘날 개인의 정보 보호 및 신분 확인을 위하여 생체 인식 분야 중에서 사람의 얼굴 인식기술이 많이 사용되고 있지만 조명, 자세, 표정 변화로 인하여 얼굴 인식의 성능 저하를 일으키는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 얼굴 인식 결과에 큰 영향을 주는 요소인 조명 변화에 초점을 맞춰 D-LDA(Direct-Linear Disciminant Analysis)가 다른 기법들에 비해 덜 민감하게 수행할 수 있는 성질을 지녔음을 밝히 고자 한다. 측면광과 역광등의 조명 변화와 농도의 변화를 고려하여 조명 변화를 갖는 테스트를 갖는 ORL, Yale, 포항공대 데이타베이스를 여러 특징 추출 알고리즘에 적용함으로써 클래스, 학습 데이타 그리고 테스트 데이타 수가 각기 다른 세 종류의 데이타베이스에서 모두 D-LDA가 적은 학습 데이터에서도 조명 변인에 가장 덜 민감하게 반응하는 좋은 인식 성능을 갖는 성질을 지녔음을 보여준다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.490-499
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• 2019

얼굴인식 결제서비스는 얼굴인식 기술을 기반으로 한 혁신적인 결제 방식으로 현재 중국에서 급부상하고 있다. 향후 도입될 무인판매방식과 관련된 다양한 산업에서 얼굴인식 결제서비스를 도입할 가능성이 높다. 본 연구는 최근 얼굴인식 결제서비스를 이용한 경험이 있는 중국 소비자를 대상으로 지속이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하였다. 설문지 조사를 사용하고 SPSS와 AMOS로 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 얼굴인식 결제서비스의 특징인 비접촉성/비강제성에 대한 소비자들의 태도가 좋을수록 지각된 유용성이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 얼굴인식 결제서비스의 서비스에 대한 인식과 관련한 보안과 신속성 중 신속성이 사용용이성 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 주관적 규범과 같은 사회적인 영향이 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자기표현 욕구 수준 또한 얼굴인식 결제서비스 이용의도를 높이는 것을 확인하였다. 이런 연구결과를 통해 혁신적 서비스의 디자인과 커뮤니케이션에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.193-207
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• 2021

As Deepfakes phenomenon is spreading worldwide mainly through videos in web platforms and it is urgent to address the issue on time. More recently, researchers have extensively discussed deepfake video datasets. However, it has been pointed out that the existing Deepfake datasets do not properly reflect the potential threat and realism due to various limitations. Although there is a need for research that establishes an agreed-upon concept for high-quality datasets or suggests evaluation criterion, there are still handful studies which examined it to-date. Therefore, this study focused on the development of the evaluation criterion for the Deepfake video dataset. In this study, the fitness of the Deepfake dataset was presented and evaluation criterions were derived through the review of previous studies. AHP structuralization and analysis were performed to advance the evaluation criterion. The results showed that Facial Expression, Validation, and Data Characteristics are important determinants of data quality. This is interpreted as a result that reflects the importance of minimizing defects and presenting results based on scientific methods when evaluating quality. This study has implications in that it suggests the fitness and evaluation criterion of the Deepfake dataset. Since the evaluation criterion presented in this study was derived based on the items considered in previous studies, it is thought that all evaluation criterions will be effective for quality improvement. It is also expected to be used as criteria for selecting an appropriate deefake dataset or as a reference for designing a Deepfake data benchmark. This study could not apply the presented evaluation criterion to existing Deepfake datasets. In future research, the proposed evaluation criterion will be applied to existing datasets to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each dataset, and to consider what implications there will be when used in Deepfake research.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.642-647
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• 2006

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) has been used therapeutically to treat muscular hypercontractions and sudomotor hyperactivity and it has been reported that BoNT/A might have analgesic properties in headache. PEP-1 peptide is a known carrier peptide that delivers fulll-ength native proteins in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a BoNT/A gene were fused with PEP-1 peptide in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame PEP-1-BoNT/A fusion protein. The expressed and purified PEP-1-BoNT/A fusion proteins were efficiently transduced into cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner when added exogenously in a culture medium. In addition, immuno-histochemical analysis revealed that PEP-1-BoNT/A fusion protein efficiently penetrated into the epidermis as well as the dermis of the subcutaneous layer, when sprayed on mice skin. These results suggest that PEP-1-BoNT/A fusion protein provide an efficient strategy for therapeutic delivery in various human diseases related to this protein.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2004

The frequency of abnormality at birth is average 1-1.5%, and of these, cleft lip & palate is known to be the most frequent congenital abnormality, Cleft is considered to be due to multi-factorial heredity correlated with genetic and environmental factors, Cleft patients require the collaborative treatment with several medical departments, Clinics for Maxillo-Oral Disorders of Tohoku University Dental Hospital performs the total managements related to such as occlusion and language for the patients with congenital maxilla-facial abnormality, This study examined the patients with cleft lip and/or palate who came to the Clinics for Maxilla-Oral Disorders of Tohoku University Dental Hospital for the past 17 years from Jan. 1987 to Dec, 2002, and had the results as follows, 1. Annual mean number of patients The annual mean number of the patients for 17 years from Jan, 1987 to Dec, 2002 was 91 patients, ranging from 63 minimum to 116 maximum, 2, Gender and types of cleft There were 747(51%) males and 709(49%) females, with a male to female ratio 1,05:1. CLP was the most frequent cleft type as shown in 616 patients, and other patients manifested different complaints such as CL, CP, SMCP and MC in order. 3. The laterality in cleft type The lip cleft was frequently expressed orderly on left, right and both sides of CL patients while orderly being shown on left, both and right sides of CLP patients. Accordingly, lip cleft was most commonly found on the left side. 4. Address at first visit Of 1,456 subjects, 850(58.4%) patients were residing in Miyagi Prefecture, where this hospital is located. 5. Age at first visit 615(42.2%) patients came to the hospital at their age younger than 1 year old, comprising 282(19.4%) patients age younger than 2 months old and 333(22.9%) patients age between 2 month old and 1 year old. 6. Mother's age at birth For the mother's age at birth, 526(39.9%) patients were at the age of 25 to 30 years old, and 17(1.3%) patients were over 40 years old. 7. Birth weight 34.3%(443 patients) had a birth weight of 2500-3000gm and 56.0%(724 patients) had a 3000-4000gm. It was also found that 7.9%(102 patients) had a birth weight of less than 2500gm. 8. Familial expression The frequency of familial expression was 6.5%(94 patients).

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.205-226
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• 2008

The purpose of the study you have seen is to verify the effectiveness of existing quantitative research and to put the Empathy Training Program to practical use for participating children. From looking into this, the changes in empathic understanding that came to light in relationships between teacher and children and children and children are sure to have that effect. For this work, I established the following subject of inquiry: What kind of changing processes can be seen in the empathic understanding of participating children in the Empathy Training Program? To resolve the above line of inquiry, six female sixth grade elementary school students were chosen and they progressed through twelve sessions of the Empathy Training Program. The children were given a sentence completion exam, recognition work, neat writing exam and a school adaptation exam both before and after participation in the program, making data for analysis. To analyze, first, participants had one or two meetings of forty to fifty minutes each. Progress through the program's curriculum was recorded and through the repeating and copying method, to be sure participating children's empathic understanding was revealed, empathic language and behavior was routinely chosen. Next, according the above criteria I looked into visible changes of the participating children's empathic expressions, classifying and analyzing changes in empathic understanding and six instances of common changes in the emphatic understanding of the participants relationships were analyzed and put together. Next I will summarize the findings we have seen in this research: First, if we look into changes in common empathic understanding from the beginning, using the criteria of empathic language, each individual showed understanding at the beginning and passed and progressed through stages of care, insight and emotional expressions. Second, when we looked at the criteria of empathic behavior from the beginning to the end, one's line of vision and ability to concentrate one's attention was connected. Next, the act of nodding one's head looked like a brief nod at first but at the end, it was not just a simple nod but rather they could feel deep empathy. The condition and substance of the facial expression was seen to match and at the very end the child was expressive and stretched out arms to hold and pat the other person and the act of holding hands could also be seen. Among lots of empathic behavior the final stage was shown by half of the children. Third, from the first stage to the last stage there were many cases revealed. The more the children went the more complete their empathic language became. Their vocabulary increased and became more diverse with empathic actions. Also, when comparing actions and expressions from the beginning with the end, visible expressions became more natural and sincere at the end. The result of the research we have seen is that through receiving experience of empathic understanding, participating children showed a sense of self-confidence and they looked to make peaceful expressions while not being aggressive or defensive about problems. In addition, from understanding empathic expressions, participating children's relationships felt closer. This outcome within this group in this case will be applied and the formation of empathic understanding can be used by the children internally to solve their own problems, acquire close relationships with their teachers and others. It will also contribute to smooth classroom management.