• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.56-65
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• 1997

Chemical analysis, statistical analysis and geochemical study were carried out to investigate the influence of the geology on the chemical characferistics of the mineral water in Taegu area. A simple comparision between the chemical components of the mineral water and their bedrocks indicates that the bedrock types in the catchmerit area control the chemical characteristics of the surface water. However more objective evidences for the mineral water-bedrock relationship come from the statistical analyses(cluster analysis and factor analysis). The results of the statistical analyses suggest that the bedrock type factor explains the data variation seven times as much as pollution does, which evidently indicates that the bedrock in the study area mainly control the mineral water chemistries. The results of comparision of the statistical analyses results with the mineral weathering reactions and mineral stability diagrams can be summarized as follows: 1. Plagioclase weathering to kaolinite provides SiO$_2$ , Ca$^{2+}$ and Na$^+$, and muscovite weathering to kaolinite provides K$^+$, and amphibole and mica minerals weathering to kaolinite provides F to the mineral water. Most of Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$ in the mineral water are the products of carbonate mineral dissolution. SO$_4^{2-}$ may be the byproduct of sulfide oxidation. 2. The weatering of silicate mineral produces Ca-rich smectite and kaolinite, but Ca-rich smectite is unstable and will be transformed to more stable kaolinite because of the continuous dilution of the mineral water by precipitation. By Hashimoto's Mineral Balance Index, S-10 and S-12 mineral spring water were evaluated tasty and healthy water, S-9 and S-11 mineral spring water were evaluated tasty water and S-7, S-8 and S-13 mineral spring water were evaluated healthy water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

Recently, spillways are need to control stable water level for supporting main dams because of floods by unusual change of weather such as Typhoon Rusa. This study has been focused on the amount of leakage through the rock mass distributed fractures and joints under the opened emergency spillway. It is very important to evaluate the amount of leakage as these affect stability of spillway by interaction between effective stress and pore pressure. The commercial program MAFIC has been used for analyzing groundwater flow in fractured rock mass. The results showed that the values of range, average and deviation of leakage were $2.85\sim\;3.79\times10^{-1}$, $3.32\times10^{-1}$ and $1.70\times10^{-2}\;m^3/day/m^2$ respectively. Secondary, we have estimated the effect of grouting after the transmissivity$(T_f)$ of joint 1 as main pathway of leakage known from above results was changed from $1.78\times10^{-7}$ to $1.59\times10^{-9}\;m^2/s$. The results showed that the values of range, average and deviation of leakage were $7.80\times10^{-4}\sim1.53\times10^{-3}$, $1.18\times10^{-3}$ and $1.32\times10^{-4}\;m^3/day/m^2$ respectively. As the result, the amount of leakage after grouting has been decreased by a ratio of 1 to 277.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2007

We performed the subjective sensibility evaluation on knitted fabrics by the following procedures: setting acrylic fabrics used for S/S among fabrics as basis, five kinds of blended spun yarns and four kinds of twisted filament yarns made by different twisting methods then, we did questionnaire survey targeting sixty females in the expert groups. Utilizing SPSS 12.0, correlation, ANOVA, Duncan, and Multidimensional Standard way were analyzed. The results are as following. First, the result of evaluating on preferred knits followed by the analysis of the sense factor, in the 'drape sense', the acrylic/rayon blended knit was preferred as the most flexible, pliable, and elastic knit; in weight/bulk factor, the acrylic filament knit the most twisted was preferred as the least bulk, thin, cool and transparent knit; in 'surface depression sense' factor, A(F)W acrylic/wool blended knit was preferred as the most haggard, straight, dry knit. Second, the result of evaluating on preferred knits followed by the analysis of the sensibility factor, in the 'neatness' the acrylic filament hit was preferred as the most clean, neat and delightful knit; in the 'comfortableness', the acrylic/wool blended knit was preferred as the most natural, stable, and comfortable knit. Third, according to the result of evaluating on preferred knits as the spring and summer, generally the acrylic filament twisted yarn knits were more preferred than the acrylic blended yarns. However the preference on the kinds of the acrylic twisted filament yarn showed that there is a little difference on the acrylic blended yarn knit.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2012

The problem of common difficulties for the implemented business that imposing the Value Engineering(VE) is crucial. Because of the difference in effect of VE by how an abstract concept as function digitize. Furthermore, to improve achievement of VE,, the advancement of VE is demanded. The most of business conducting the VE is pushing this method with the purpose of cost reduction. As explaining this product, the cost occupies the desktop of F1 and the component of product 54% with the result of analyzing the coefficient of functional requirement. Then the functional cost can be confirmed. Through the result of this study, the fact that the desktop, the bluetooth, the probe occupy the most of products with satisfying the function is able to confirm. An effort for cost reduction in purchasing through adjusting a stable quality demanded for the cost reduction is needed. Also, another effort of proper price reduction by diversification of buyer business is needed also.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4151-4155
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• 2013

Background: To compare response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) and volumetric evaluation (VE) for colorectal cancer with liver-limited metastasis. Patients and Methods: VE of liver metastases was performed by manual contouring before and after chemotherapy on 45 pairs of computed tomography (CT) images in 36 patients who suffered from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with liver metastasis only. Cohen kappa was used to compare the agreement between VE and RECIST. Pearson correlation was performed for their comparison after cubic root transformation of the aggregate tumor volumes. Logistic regression was done to identify clinical and radiographic factors to account for the difference which may be predictive in overall response (OR). Results: There were 16 partial response (PR), 23 stable disease (SD) and 6 progressive disease (PD) cases with VE, and 14 PR, 23 SD and 8 PD with RECIST. VE demonstrated good agreement with RECIST (${\chi}$=0.779). Discordant objective responses were noted in 6 pairs of comparisons (13.3%). Pearson correlation also showed excellent correlation between VE and RECIST ($r^2$=0.966, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that VE was in slightly better agreement with RECIST for enlarging lesions than for shrinking lesions ($r^2$=0.935 and $r^2$=0.780 respectively). No factor was found predictive of the difference in OR between VE and RECIST. Conclusions: VE exhibited good agreement with RECIST. It might be more useful than RECIST in evaluation shrinking lesions in cases of numerous and conglomerate liver metastases.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 2015

$Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles were prepared via one-step reactive laser ablation of Cr in oxygen. The metastable $CrO_2$ phase was obtained through the subsequent oxidation of $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles under $O_2$ with gas pressures of up to 40 MPa. The as-prepared $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles are spherical or rectangular in shape with sizes ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm. High oxygen pressure annealing is effective in producing meta-stable $CrO_2$ from as-dried $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles, and the $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles exhibit a weak ferromagnetic behavior with an exchange bias of up to 11 mT that can be ascribed to the interfacial exchange coupling between uncompensated surface spins and the antiferromagnetic core. The $Cr_2O_3/CrO_2$ nanoparticles exhibit an enhanced saturation magnetization and a reduced exchange bias with an increasing faction of $CrO_2$ due to the elimination of uncompensated surface spins over the $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles when exposed to a high pressure of $O_2$ and/or possible phase segregation that results in a smaller grain size for both $Cr_2O_3$ and $CrO_2$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Objective : In this study, the ethanol extract from flowers of Lespedeza bicolor was investigated for their dermal bioactive properties related to cosmeceuticals such as depigmentation and radical scavenging effect. Results : The ethanol extract from flowers of Lespedeza bicolor showed considerable radical scavenging activity ($SC_{50}:\;10\;{\mu}g/ml$) and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 macrophages activated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although the proliferation of B16/F10 cells was slightly decreased by the ethanol extract from flowers of Lespedeza bicolor at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, it did not appear necrosis. The ethanol extract from flowers of Lespedeza bicolor down-regulated melanin formation effectively. Methods : The free radical scavenging activity of Lespedeza bicolor was assayed in cell free systems using a stable free radical, 1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Nitrite accumulated in culture medium was measured as an indicator of NO production using a Griess reaction. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and melanin content was assessed using the method of Hosei with some modifications. Conclusions : These results suggest that the ethanol extract from flowers of Lespedeza bicolor is a potent depigmetation agent and it may be a candidate for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2003

The Pasquill-Gifford stability category is a very important scheme of the Gaussian type dispersion model defined the complex turbulence state of the atmosphere by A grade(very unstable) to F grade(very stable). But there has been made a point out that this stability category might decrease the predictability of the model because it was each covers a broad range of stability conditions, and that they were very site specific. The APSM (Air Pollution Simulation Model) was composed of the turbulent parameters, i.e. friction velocity(${\mu}$$\_$*/), convective velocity scale($\omega$$\_$*/) and Monin-Obukhov length scale(Ｌ) for the purpose of the performance increasing on the case of the unstable atmospheric conditions. And the PDF (Probability Density Function)model was used to express the vertical dispersion characteristics and the profile method was used to calculate the turbulent characteristics. And the performance assessment was validated between APSM and EPA regulatory models(TEM, ISCST), tracer experiment results. There were very good performance results simulated by APSM than that of TEM, ISCST in the short distance (<1415 m) from the source, but increase the simulation error(%) to stand off the source in others. And there were differences in comparison with the lateral dispersion coefficient($\sigma$$\_$y/) which was represent the horizontal dispersion characteristics of a air pollutant in the atmosphere. So the different calculation method of $\sigma$$\_$y/ which was extrapolated from a different tracer experiment data might decrease the simulation performance capability. In conclusion, the air pollution simulation model showed a good capability of predict the air pollution which was composed of the turbulent parameters compared with the results of TEM and ISCST for the unstable atmospheric conditions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2027-2033
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• 2014

Background: We aimed to assess RET proto-oncogene polymorphisms in three different Iranian families with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and performed molecular dynamics simulations and free energy stability analysis of these mutations. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 48 patients and their first-degree relatives with MTC confirmed by pathologic diagnosis and surgery. We performed molecular dynamics simulations and free energy stability analysis of mutations, and docking evaluation of known RET proto-oncogene inhibitors, including ZD-6474 and ponatinib, with wild-type and mutant forms. Results: The first family consisted of 27 people from four generations, in which nine had the C.G2901A (P.C634Y) mutation; the second family consisted of six people, of whom three had the C.G2901T (P.C634F) mutation, and the third family, who included 12 individuals from three generations, three having the C.G2251A (P.G691S) mutation. The automated 3D structure of RET protein was predicted using I-TASSER, and validated by various protein model verification programs that showed more than 96.3% of the residues in favored and allowed regions. The predicted instability indices of the mutated structures were greater than 40, which reveals that mutated RET protein is less thermo-stable compared to the wild-type form (35.4). Conclusions: Simultaneous study of the cancer mutations using both in silico and medical genetic procedures, as well as onco-protein inhibitor binding considering mutation-induced drug resistance, may help in better overcoming chemotherapy resistance and designing innovative drugs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.3 s.246
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• pp.318-327
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• 2006

Due to the diversified use of recent Piezoelectric Zirconate Titanate Composite Actuate. (PZTCA), various PZTCAs with the different ply orientation of the fiber layer have been applied. For this reason, the applicable bending moment equation is necessary even though the fiber layer ply orientation and the laminate configuration are changed. The aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between the total effective moment $(M^E)$ and Bernoulli-Euler bending moment (M) when the ply orientations of UD CFRP are changed. In conclusions, firstly, as the performance test results by the CFRP ply orientation, the performance of [0] and [90] were stable. However, while the performance of [+45] was suddenly decreased after 5 hours. Secondly, the change of $(M^E)$ by the CFRP ply orientation was evaluated. As the CFRP ply orientation was increased from [0] to [+60], the $(M^E)$ were gradually decreased. However, they became a little bit increased from [+60] to [90]. Finally, after the change of M by the CFRP ply orientation was evaluated, it was found that $M^E=2.2M$ was valid for just [0] and that there was a relationship between $M^E$ and M according to the ply orientation.