• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.2846-2866
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• 2022

Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits sophisticated chemotaxis behavior through two parallel strategies, klinokinesis and klinotaxis, executed entirely by a small nervous circuit. It is therefore suitable for inspiring fast and energy-efficient solutions for autonomous navigation. As a random search strategy, the Lévy walk is optimal for diverse animals when foraging without external chemical cues. In this study, by combining these biological strategies for the first time, we propose a spiking neural network model for search and contour tracking of specific concentrations of environmental variables. Specifically, we first design a klinotaxis module using spiking neurons. This module works in conjunction with a klinokinesis module, allowing rapid searches for the concentration setpoint and subsequent contour tracking with small deviations. Second, we build a random exploration module. It generates a Lévy walk in the absence of concentration gradients, increasing the chance of encountering gradients. Third, considering local extrema traps, we develop a termination module combined with an escape module to initiate or terminate the escape in a timely manner. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model integrating these modules can switch strategies autonomously according to the information from a single sensor and control steering through output spikes, enabling the model worm to efficiently navigate across various scenarios.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.501-517
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• 2016

Synchronized switch damping (SSD) is a structural vibration control technique in which a piezoelectric patch attached to or embedded into the structure is connected to or disconnected from the shunt circuit in order to dissipate the vibration energy of the host structure. The switching process is performed by a digital signal processor (DSP) which detects the displacement extrema and generates a command to operate the switch in synchronous with the structure motion. Recently, autonomous SSD techniques have emerged in which the work of DSP is taken up by a low pass filter, thus making the whole system autonomous or self-powered. The control performance of the previous autonomous SSD techniques heavily relied on the electrical quality factor of the shunt circuit which limited their damping performance. Thus in order to reduce the influence of the electrical quality factor on the damping performance, a new autonomous SSD technique is proposed in this paper in which a negative capacitor is used along with the inductor in the shunt circuit. Only a negative capacitor could also be used instead of inductor but it caused saturation of negative capacitor in the absence of an inductor due to high current generated during the switching process. The presence of inductor in the shunt circuit of negative capacitor limits the amount of current supplied by the negative capacitance, thus improving the damping performance. In order to judge the control performance of proposed autonomous SSDNCI, a comparison is made between the autonomous SSDI, autonomous SSDNC and autonomous SSDNCI techniques for the control of an aluminum cantilever beam subjected to both single mode and multimode excitation. A value of negative capacitance slightly greater than the piezoelectric patch capacitance gave the optimum damping results. Experiment results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed autonomous SSDNCI technique as compared to the previous techniques. Some limitations and drawbacks of the proposed technique are also discussed.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 유사한 여러 물체들이 인접하여 나타나는 영상열로부터 물체들을 개별적으로 분리할 수 있는 B-spline 적합(fitting) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 스네이크(snake) 알고리즘들은 초기화의 어려움과 다수의 극점 존재로 인해서 이러한 영상자료에서 물체의 영역을 개별적으로 분리하는 데는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 문제를 극복하고 다양한 형태의 물체가 인접해 있는 유사한 물체들로부터 효과적으로 분할 할 수 있는 유전자(genetic) 알고리즘 기반 B-spline 적합방안을 제안한다. 실제 상황을 고려하여 생성된 영상자료와 실제 치아 CT 영상을 이용한 평가에서 제안된 방법은 서로 인접해 있는 유사한 형태와 자기의 물체들을 개별적으로 정확하게 분할할 수 있음을 보였다. 제안된 알고리즘의 결과는 이상적으로 추출된 영역과의 일치성과 false positive 오류 그리고 false negative오류가 계산되어 검증되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2020

The common practice to predict the characteristic structural load effects (LEs) in long reference periods is to employ the extreme value theory (EVT) for building limit distributions. However, most applications ignore that LEs are driven by multiple loading events and thus do not have the identical distribution, a prerequisite for EVT. In this study, we propose the composite extreme value modeling approach using clustering to (a) cluster initial blended samples into finite identical distributed subsamples using the finite mixture model, expectation-maximization algorithm, and the Akaike information criterion; (b) combine limit distributions of subsamples into a composite prediction equation using the generalized Pareto distribution based on a joint threshold. The proposed approach was validated both through numerical examples with known solutions and engineering applications of bridge traffic LEs on a long-span bridge. The results indicate that a joint threshold largely benefits the composite extreme value modeling, many appropriate tail approaching models can be used, and the equation form is simply the sum of the weighted models. In numerical examples, the proposed approach using clustering generated accurate extrema prediction of any reference period compared with the known solutions, whereas the common practice of employing EVT without clustering on the mixture data showed large deviations. Real-world bridge traffic LEs are driven by multi-events and present multipeak distributions, and the proposed approach is more capable of capturing the tendency of tailed LEs than the conventional approach. The proposed approach is expected to have wide applications to general problems such as samples that are driven by multiple events and that do not have the identical distribution.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 기준영상에 대한 정보가 없는 무기준(No-reference) 정지영상 객관적 화질 평가 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 무기준 객관적 화질평가 방법은 인간의 시각체계에서 민감하게 반응하고 화질의 주된 열화 요인인 경계영역의 블록킹과 블러링을 측정하여 수치화 한다. 블록킹 정량화를 위해서, 우선 인접 화소간의 차이를 누적하여 블록킹이 발생하는 위치를 찾고 그 교차점에서 블록킹 현상을 2차원 계단함수로 모델링하여 블록킹의 국소적인 강도를 계산한다. 계산된 국소적 수치들은 적절한 함수화를 통하여 블록킹 수치로 사용된다. 이상적인 영상의 경계는 계단함수임을 가정하면 블러링된 영상에서의 경계의 전이 폭을 계산함으로써 블러링 정도를 예측할 수 있다. 주어진 영상을 다시 Gaussian 블러링 커널을 이용하여 블러링시킨 후 두 영상의 경계 마스크 영상을 이용하여 경계 블록을 결정한다. 경계블록을 수평, 수직, 두 대각선 방향으로 사영하여 얻은 사영신호로부터 국소적 극대 및 극소 위치를 이용하여 경계 전이의 폭을 추정한다. 또한 kurtosis와 SSIM을 이용하여 그 수치를 보정하여 블러링의 수치로 사용한다. 제안한 방법의 객관적 화질 수치는 주관적 화질 수치와 비교해 본 결과 높은 상관관계를 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.559-573
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• 2018

최근 가상현실(VR, Virtual Reality) 등 가장 많은 분야에서 가장 활발히 응용되고 있는 영상매체 중 하나가 전방위 영상 또는 파노라마 영상이다. 이 영상은 다양한 방법으로 획득된 영상들을 스티칭하여 생성하는데, 그 과정에서 스티칭에 필요한 특징점들을 추출하는데 가장 많은 시간이 소요된다. 이에 본 논문은 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 SIFT 특징점을 추출하는 연산시간을 감소하는 것에 목적을 두고 SIFT 특징점들을 추출에 관여하는 파라미터들을 분석한다. 본 논문에서 고려하는 파라미터는 가우시안 필터링에 사용되는 가우시안 커널의 초기 표준편차, 국소극점을 추출하기 위한 가우시안 차영상군의 수, 그리고 옥타브 수의 세 가지이다. SIFT 알고리즘으로는 이 알고리즘을 제안한 Lowe 방식과 컨볼루션 캐스캐이드(convolution cascade) 방식인 Hess 방식을 고려한다. 먼저 각 파라미터 값이 연산시간에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 실제 스티칭 실험을 수행하여 각 파라미터가 스티칭 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 마지막으로 두 분석결과를 토대로 성능저하 없이 연산시간을 최소로 하는 파라미터 값들을 추출한다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2018

Speech articulators are coordinated for the purpose of segmental constriction in terms of a task. In particular, vertical jaw movements repeatedly contribute to consonantal as well as vocalic constriction. The current study explores vertical jaw movements in conjunction with bilabial constriction in bilabial stop /p/ in the context /a/-to-/a/. Revisiting kinematic data of /p/ collected using the electromagenetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) method from seven (four female and three male) speakers of Seoul Korean, we examined maximum vertical jaw position, its relative timing with respect to the upper and lower lips, and lip aperture minima. The results of those dependent variables are recapitulated in terms of linguistic (different word boundaries) and paralinguistic (different speech rates) factors as follows. Firstly, maximum jaw height was lower in the across-word boundary condition (across-word < within-word), but it did not differ as a function of different speech rates (comfortable = fast). Secondly, more reduction in the lip aperture (LA) gesture occurred in fast rate, while word-boundary effects were absent. Thirdly, jaw raising was still in progress after the lips' positional extrema were achieved in the within-word condition, while the former was completed before the latter in the across-word condition. Lastly, relative temporal lags between the jaw and the lips (UL and LL) were more synchronous in fast rate, compared to comfortable rate. When these results are considered together, it is possible to posit that speakers are not tolerant of lenition to the extent that it is potentially realized as a labial approximant in either word-boundary condition while jaw height still manifested lower jaw position in the across-word boundary condition. Early termination of vertical jaw maxima before vertical lower lip maxima across-word condition may be partly responsible for the spatial reduction of jaw raising movements. This may come about as a consequence of an excessive number of factors (e.g., upper lip height (UH), lower lip height (LH), jaw angle (JA)) for the representation of a vector with two degrees of freedom (x, y) engaged in a gesture-based task (e.g., lip aperture (LA)). In the task-dynamic application toolkit, the jaw angle parameter can be assigned numerical values for greater weight in the across-word boundary condition, which in turn gives rise to lower jaw position. Speech rate-dependent spatial reduction in lip aperture may be able to be resolved by means of manipulating activation time of an active tract variable in the gestural score level.