• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2022

Objective: To develop and explore the usefulness of an artificial intelligence system for the prediction of the need for dental extractions during orthodontic treatments based on gender, model variables, and cephalometric records. Methods: The gender, model variables, and radiographic records of 214 patients were obtained from an anonymized data bank containing 314 cases treated by two experienced orthodontists. The data were processed using an automated machine learning software (Auto-WEKA) and used to predict the need for extractions. Results: By generating and comparing several prediction models, an accuracy of 93.9% was achieved for determining whether extraction is required or not based on the model and radiographic data. When only model variables were used, an accuracy of 87.4% was attained, whereas a 72.7% accuracy was achieved if only cephalometric information was used. Conclusions: The use of an automated machine learning system allows the generation of orthodontic extraction prediction models. The accuracy of the optimal extraction prediction models increases with the combination of model and cephalometric data for the analytical process.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 1986

백미삼을 원료로 엑기스를 조제할 때 추출조건으로 추출용매와 농도, 추출온도와 추출시간 등이 엑기스의 당류와 유리당 그리고 질소화합물 조성에 미치는 환경을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 당류로서 전당, 환원당 및 전당은 추출용매 ethanol의 농도가 증가됨에 따라 감소되었고 온도 상승에 따라서는 증가되는 경향이었으나 상대적으로 유리당은 증가되었으며, 추출시간에서는 0% 및 70% ethanol구 모두 초기 용출이 컸으나 회수별 당류간의 구성비율에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 3~4회 추출로 가용성 당류의 94.14~99.95%가 용출되었다. 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose로 구성되어 있으며 sucrose가 90% 이상 대부분을 차지하는 특징적 구성을 가지고 있다. Ethanol 농도 증가에 따라 단당류는 감소되는 반면 이당류는 증가되었다. 용출온도 상승에 따라서는 반대의 경향을 보였다. 4회 추출로 가용성 유리당의 98% 이상이 용출되어 당류및 유리당의 용출율로만본다면 3~4회 추출이 적합하였다. 질소화합물을 전당류, 수용성비단백태질소, 불용성단백태질소, 수용성단백태질소로 분별하여 조사한 결과 질소화합물 총량의 84% 이상을 수용성비단백태질소가 점유하는 특징적인 구성을 가지고 있으며 일반적으로 추출용매 ethanol의 농도가 증가될수록 전질소와 수용성비단백태질소의 용출은 감소되었고, 특히 90%구에서 현저하였으며 추출온도 상승에 따라서는 커다란 차이가 없었으나 $100^{\circ}C$구에서 수용성단백태질소가 현저하게 증가되었고 3회 추출로 가용성질소화합물의 80% 이상이 용출되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.905-916
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• 1997

본 연구는 교정치료시 발치가 안모의 수직 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하기 위해서 비발치군과 발치군으로 구분하였고, 발치군은 비교분석을 위해 제1소구치 발치군, 제2소구치 발치군, 제2대구치 발치군으로 구분하여 교정치료 전, 후의 안모의 수직변화 여부를 평가함으로서 발치가 안모의 수직변화에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 했다. 연구대상은 조선대학교 부속치과병원 교정과에 내원하여 교정치료를 받은 환자 중, 제2대구치까지 맹출하여 성장에 의한 변화요인이 적다고 인정되는 비발치군 남녀 50명, 발치군 남녀 88명으로 하였으며, 비발치군은 비교분석을 위해 42명의 제1소구치 발치군, 24명의 제2소구치 발치군, 22명의 제2대구치 발치군으로 구분하였다. 안모의 수직변화 여부를 규명할 수 있는 14개의 두부방사선 계측항목을 선정하여 교정치료 전, 후의 안모의 수직변화량을 측정하였고, $SPSS/PC^+$ 통계프로그램을 이용하여 교정치료 전, 후의 안모의 수직변화여부를 비교 분석함으로 써 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교정적 발치여부에 관계없이 모든 군에서 교정치료 전,후의 두부방사선 계측치 사이에 통계학적인 유의성이 없었다. 2. 상, 하악 구치는 모든 군에서 교정치료에 의해 정출되었다. 이는 대부분의 교정치료의 역계 자체가 치아를 정출시키는 기전을 지니고 있음을 의미하며, 특히 발치에 의한 교정치료시 발치공간 폐쇄 및 치아배열을 위해 작용되는 역계로 인해 일어나는 결과로 보인다. 3. 제 2재구치 발치군에서 안모의 수직고경은 교정치료 후에 모두 증가되었다. 이는 치아배열 공간을 확보하기 위해 치열이 후방이동된 결과로 보인다. 4. 교정적 발치와 안모의 수직변화 사이에는 통계학적인 유의성이 없었다. 이는 안모의 수직변화와 교정적 발치는 아무런 관련이 없음을 나타낸다. 5. 두부방사선 계측항목 중 안모의 수직변화에 있어서 각 군 사이에 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 영향을 미치는 항목은 PP-MP, OP-MP, $\underline{1}$ to PP, $\overline{1}$ to MP였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 공동 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.183-188
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• 1998

The efficiency of removing cadmium, copper, and lead from a contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine was studied in a laboratory investigation where citric acid were used to extract the metal from the soil. The contamination level of Pb, Cu in the soil A were 875.5, 667.5mg/kg respectively. The mobility and bioavailability of the metals in soil were also estimated by Sequential Chemical Extractions. Citric acid were examined for its potential extractive capabilities. Concentrations of the acid examined in this study ranged from 0.025 to 0.15M. The pH of the suspensions and S/S ratio in which the extractions were performed ranged from 2.4 to 8.1, and from 2.1:1 to 20:1. Results showed that the removal of contaminant using citric acid was pH and S/S raton dependent.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop a composite platform for knowledge extractions, visualizations, and inference. Generally, the big data sets were frequently used in the healthcare and medical area. To help the knowledge managers/users working in the field, this study is focused on knowledge management (KM) based on Data Mining (DM), Knowledge Distribution Map (KDM), Decision Tree (DT), RDBMS, and SQL-inference. The proposed mechanism is composed of five key processes. Firstly, in Knowledge Parsing, it extracts logical rules from a big data set by using DM technology. Then it transforms the rules into RDB tables. Secondly, through Knowledge Maintenance, it refines and manages the knowledge to be ready for the computing of knowledge distributions. Thirdly, in Knowledge Distribution process, we can see the knowledge distributions by using the DT mechanism.Fourthly, in Knowledge Hierarchy, the platform shows the hierarchy of the knowledge. Finally, in Inference, it deduce the conclusions by using the given facts and data.This approach presents the advantages of diversity in knowledge representations and inference to improve the quality of computer-based medical diagnosis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1980

Red ginseng was extracted with water and analyzed for yield, saponin, pectin and other chemical composition. It was found that: (1) The total solid content in extract after 6 times of extraction was 46.8%,: including 13.6% of centrifugal residue; (2) 83.7% of total extractable solids and 86% total saponin was extracted after the initial three runs of extraction. (3) No significant changes were observed in HPLC pattern of extracted saponins over a range of extractions; (4) The ratio of centrifugal residue to total solids increased as the number of extractions increased; (5) The ratios of fat, protein, reducing sugar and pectin contents decreased with repeating extraction while those of crude fiber, total sugar and 35% alcohol insoluble residue increased when they were compared with total solids.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2004

In this study, static and dynamic solvent extractions are compared for more efficient extraction of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from fly ash. Static solvent extraction rather than dynamic extraction showed a higher recovery of PCDFs, which was adsorbed strongly with fly ash. The effects of parameters, such as temperature, toluene-isopropyl alcohol mixture, static and dynamic time flow rate, and solvent volume on the extraction were investigated and the variations in average recoveries of PCDFs were explained. In both extractions, temperature was an effective parameter because the higher temperature gave the higher recoveries. In dynamic solvent extraction, dynamic time was more effective than flow rate and solvent volume for the extraction of PCDFs from fly ash. Multi-layer column chromatography on neutral and acidic silica gel with n-hexane was used for cleaning up the extracts. The quantification of the PCDFs extracted was performed using HPLC-UV.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2014

Objectives : The main aim of this study was to assess the comparative efficiency of two preparation types of Hwangryunhaedok decoction(HRHD-D) using distilled and mixed extraction by measuring the index components and indicators of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : The antioxidant activity was assessed by comparing distilled and mixed extractions of HRHD-D using an ELISA reader. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined by measuring NO amounts in RAW 264.7 cells. The contents were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector(HPLC-DAD). Results : The electron donating ability of mixed and distilled extractions obtained with 500 ppm DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay) solution were 57.8 % and 4.2 %, respectively. The total phenolic content of mixed extraction was 6.9 times that of distilled extraction and total flavonoid content was 51.5 times higher. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by NO measurement, and was found to increase significantly dependent on concentration in all mixed extract concentrations(25, 50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/mL$), but the difference in distilled extraction by concentration was only significant at 200 and $400{\mu}g/mL$. The HPLC analysis results of mixed extract of HRHD-D showed detection of all four main active constituents of HRHD-D. However, they were not detected in the distilled extract of HRHD-D. Conclusions : Mixed extraction with distillation added to decoction of HRHD-D showed better efficacy in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and ingredient quantities compared to distilled extraction. Further stability and clinical efficacy studies for standardization of mixed extractions are required.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to compare anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-bacterial effects of Cuscutae Semen(CS) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and distilled water. Methods : Two kinds of CS extractions were prepared 20, 50, 100 ${\mu}l/mg$. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effect was measured by inhibitory efficacy of NO Production in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effect was measured by DPPH Radical scavenging ability in HaCaT cell. The anti-bacterial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Propionibacterium acnes. Results : 1. Two kinds(100 ${\mu}l/mg$) of CS extraction groups had 50% cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All of CS extraction groups were not showed significantly inhibitory effect on NO production. 3. All of CS extracted with ethanol only showed dose-dependently significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. 4. Two kinds of CS extractions did not have a inhibitory effect on Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusion : Two kinds(100 ${\mu}l/mg$) of CS extraction groups have 50% cytotoxicity. Two kinds of CS extractions have not the inhibitory effect on NO production and Propionibactrium acnes. CS groups extracted with ethanol only have a significantly scavenging ability of DPPH radicals. This study suggests that CS extracted with ethanol was effective in anti-oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2021

Objectives: The risk of bleeding after tooth extraction in thrombocytopenia patients remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the risk of bleeding after tooth extraction in patients with thrombocytopenia. Materials and Methods: The study included 220 patients who had a medical history of thrombocytopenia and underwent tooth extraction (330 teeth). The patients were divided into those who had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150k) immediately before the tooth extraction, and those who had platelet counts that were between 150k and 250k before the extraction. Bleeding complications were recorded and compared between the patient groups. Results: Of the 220 patients, 130 underwent tooth extractions while having thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150k), and 90 had platelet counts that were between 150k and 250k before tooth extractions. Bleeding complications occurred in 11 patients (5.0%) of the 220 patients. Among those 11 patients with bleeding complications, 10 patients (7.7%) had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150k) of the 130 patients, and 1 patient (1.1%) had a normal platelet count of the 90 patients. There was a significant difference between the patient groups regarding bleeding after extractions (P<0.001). No significant difference in the incidence of post-extraction bleeding was found between the subgroups by platelet count within the thrombocytopenia group. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150k) increases the risk of post-tooth extraction bleeding. Therefore, bleeding control under the proper evaluation of hemostasis and performing delicate tooth extraction procedures using hemostatic plugs is necessary during the tooth extraction of patients with thrombocytopenia.