• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2009

Volatile flavor compounds from the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai were extracted by HE (Hydrodistillation extraction), SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation & extraction), and SFE (Supercritical fluid extraction system), and analyzed by GC-MS. The amount and the number of chemical components in essential oils from shoot and root by SFE was the higher than those by other extraction methods. Respectively, thirty one constituents were identified from the essential oil of the shoot and root by HE, twenty seven and twenty three constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SDE, thirty one and forty five constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SFE. The result showed large differences in extraction methods and in plant parts of Angelica gigas Nakai. Also, the bioactive compounds in root part was identified as nodakenin and decursinol (11.95% and 8.42%, respectively) by SFE. These results suggested that SFE was the best extraction method for the increasing of extraction yield, the determination of volatile components and the increasing of bioactive compounds in the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

고성능 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 고삼 중의 oxymatrine을 분석하였다. acetonitrile을 포함하는 완충용액과 $C_{18}$컬럼을 이용한 역상 크로마토그래피를 수행하였다. Oxymatrine의 분리는 215 nm에서 UV흡수가 관측되었다. 고삼 중의 oxymatrine의 추출은 다양한 용매와 다양한 추출방법을 사용한 결과, 마쇄한 고삼의 최적의 추출 효율은 $80^{\circ}C$에서 50% ethanol로 5시간 동안 환류가열 하였을 때 가장 높은 효율을 보였다. 대부분의 추출 방법은 복잡한 전처리를 필요로 하지만, 본 연구에서는 승화 추출법으로 복잡한 전처리를 제외시킨 추출법을 고안하였다. 승화 추출은 높은 진공 ($1{\times}10^{-3}$ torr) 과 높은 온도 ($200^{\circ}C$)에서 수행되었다. 승화 추출법을 사용한 추출 효율은 다른 추출 방법들과 비교해서 전처리 과정을 거치지 않은 장점은 있었으나 추출 효율이 좀 낮았다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2020

Objectives: The number of patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is increasing. However, the risk of bleeding after tooth extraction in patients receiving warfarin is unclear. Here, we assess the risk of bleeding after tooth extraction in patients on warfarin. Materials and Methods: The study included 260 patients taking warfarin who underwent tooth extraction (694 teeth). The patients were divided into those whose teeth were extracted while they were taking warfarin, those who discontinued warfarin before extraction, and those who underwent extraction while receiving heparin bridging therapy. Bleeding complications in the two groups were compared. Results: Of the 260 patients, 156 underwent extraction while taking warfarin, 70 stopped taking warfarin before extractions, and 34 received heparin bridging therapy and stopped taking either medication before extractions. Bleeding complications occurred in 9 patients (3.5%) and 9 tooth sites (1.3%). Among the 9 patients with bleeding complications, 6 underwent extraction while taking warfarin, 2 stopped warfarin before extraction, and 1 underwent extraction after receiving heparin bridging therapy. No significant difference was seen between patient groups regarding bleeding after extractions (P=0.917). Conclusion: Warfarin use does not increase the risk of post-extraction bleeding and can therefore be continued during tooth extraction.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.650-655
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• 2017

Extraction methods for cultured sea mussels Mytilus edulis and the quality characteristics of resulting extracts were investigated. The crude protein, carbohydrate and volatile basic nitrogen content of raw sea mussels was 15.2%, 1.9%, and 11.2 mg/100 g, respectively. Extracts were prepared using three different methods: hot-water extract (WE), scrap enzymatic hydrolysate extraction (SE), and complex extraction (CE). The respective extracts contained 5.5%, 8.6%, and 6.6% crude protein; 281.7, 366.0, and 343.0 mg/100 g amino nitrogen,: and 2.0%, 1.1% and 1.8% salinity. Their extraction yields were 689, 323, and 1,012 mL/kg. The CE method was superior to the traditional WE method in terms of extraction yield, amino-nitrogen content, and organoleptic qualities, but not odor. Active taste components were evaluated and the total free amino acid content of the WE and CE methods was 5,667.0 and 7,006.3 mg/100 g, respectively. The concentrations of major components (for WE and CE methods, respectively) were as follows: glutamic acid (1,244.0 and 955.4 mg/100 g), taurine (987.9 and 746.8 mg/100 g), glycine (721.2 and 847.0 mg/100 g), alanine (341.9 and 423.8 mg/100 g), arginine (265.5 and 376.5 mg/100 g), lysine (199.8 and 270.4 mg/100 g), and proline (253.9 and 220.3 mg/100 g). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that there is potential for using the CE method to expand the commercial utilization of sea mussels as a flavoring substance resource.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2024

The efficiency of protein extraction from Hongjam, a steamed mature silkworm, was quantitatively evaluated using various chemical buffers and physical methods. This study considers the difficulty of protein extraction yield due to the high content of hydrophobic amino acids in Hongjam compared to 5^th instar-3^rd day silkworm larvae. Results indicated that urea buffer enhanced protein yield more effectively than RIPA buffer. Additionally, the application of physical methods such as microwave treatment to samples treated with RIPA buffer increased yields by up to 22%, achieving concentrations as high as 3.9 mg/mL. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that proteins extracted with urea buffer retained their structural integrity, exhibiting deeper and more prominent peaks associated with random coil structure. In addition, physical methods such as vortexing, sonication, microwave and homogenization increased the extraction yield of larger molecules without altering protein structures, suggesting their potential scalability for industrial applications. These results demonstrate the critical role of selecting appropriate extraction methods to optimize the yield and functionality of proteins from Hongjam, with implications for its use in biotechnological applications and nutraceuticals.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.227-230
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• 2004

Two extraction techniques, Ultrasonic and Microwave extraction method, were tested for the determination of arsenic in contaminated soil SRM (Montana Soil). The extraction mixture was prepared by mixing 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid and 0.1 M ascorbic acid. This extractant was known to preserve arsenic species. The appropriate extraction time was 10 min to 20 min and the recovery rate was about 80%. A coupled system, SPE-HG-ICP-AES, was used for the determination of inorganic arsenic species. The detection limit was around 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/1 and the linearity of calibration curve was better than $R^2$=0.99.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.704-708
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• 2015

For the analysis of multiple-reaction intermediates for long-chain dicarboxylic acid biotransformation, simple and reproducible methods of extraction and derivatization were developed on the basis of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) instead of mass spectrometry. In the derivatization step, change of the ratio of pyridine to MSTFA from 1:3 to 9:1 resulted in higher peak intensity (p = 0.021) and reproducibility (0.6%CV) when analyzing 32 g/l ricinoleic acid (RA). Extraction of RA and ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid with water containing 100 mM Tween 80 showed 90.4-99.9% relative extraction efficiency and 2-7%CV compared with those with hydrophobic ethyl acetate. In conclusion, reduction of the pyridine content and change of the extraction solvent to water with Tween 80 provided compatible derivatization and extraction methods to GC-FID-based analysis of longchain carboxylic acids.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

To develop fundamental data of herbal materials with heat treatment, we studied analytical and extraction methods of benzopyrene in black ginseng and validated by HPLC analysis. Benzopyrene was successfully separated in mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (80 : 20) and detection of excitation 294 nm, emission 404 nm. The calibration curve of benzopyrene was linear over the concentration range of 1.17~37.50 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of benzopyrene was 0.25 and 0.75 ng/ml, respectively. Hexane extraction method was used as a new extraction method for benzopyren and the efficient of extraction was over 95%. In conclusion, analytical method and extraction method were suitable for the determination of benzopyrene in the black ginseng and could be applied to fundamental study and guideline of herbal materials with heat treatment.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2011

Total extraction method and environmental standards for heavy metals in soils were revised in regulation recently. In case of Area 3, as the law amended, the soil pollution level has gone up to 4 to 13 times higher depending on the type of heavy metal. In this study, it compares the properties of heavy metals of soil by sequential extraction and total extraction methods depending on the analysis method, using the soil around mine. In case of arsenic, the soil pollution level has gone up to 4 times higher, but 6 to 10 times in the sample soil. Also, according to the results of portability evaluation depending on the type of existence form of heavy metal it exists as residual form in mine waste rock, which is less likely to move, while it exists as migrated form in tailing. Therefore, it should be considered to evaluate the soil pollution and decide the contaminated bounds depending on the existence form of heavy metals on soil to restore the polluted soil.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.927-933
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• 2019

A lipid-enriched strain of Botryococcus braunii (UTEX 572) was cultivated in a semi-batch aeration tank to enhance biomass as well as to develop intracellular lipids and fatty acids. A 30 day period of incubation produced 1.39 g/L of biomass and 0.31 g/L of total lipids in the biomass. The grown biomass was pre-treated using several methods to extract the total lipid content efficiently: ultrasonication was found to yield the highest percentage of lipids-namely 19.8% per biomass. Direct heating of biomass in an autoclave also showed better performance than when using only conventional solvent extraction. To enhance the biomass harvest and lipid extraction efficiency, coagulation and flocculation steps were added to the extraction process. It is noteworthy that not only the solvent type but also the solvent/biomass ratio greatly affected efficiency. In addition, the moisture content of the harvested(wet) biomass affected the efficiency significantly. This study elucidated the need for future research on optimizing this extraction process.