• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.409-413
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• 1994

Barbaloin in the Aloe vera depending on the various extracting conditions was analyzed by HPLC. The contents of the barbaloin extracted by the solvents increased in the order of methanol>ethanol>water extraction. In setting extraction, the contents of barbaloin extracted with methanol and ethanol were increased from four hours at $60^{\circ}C$ and then decreased. The contents of barbaloin extracted with water were different depending on the temperature and time. Increasing the extracting time and temperature, the contents of barbaloin were decreased in water extract. It was estimated that the barbaloin might be stable in organic solvent, but decomposed with hydrolysis in water.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

The effects of drying conditions on the antioxidant activities, luteolin, and volatile compounds of Chrysanthemi Flos flowers were evaluated. The flowers were dried with hot-air or far-infrared radiation at 40${^{\circ}C}$, 50${^{\circ}C}$ and 60${^{\circ}C}$, respectively, to reach 22$\pm$1% of moisture content. Each 10 g of the dried flowers were extracted with 100 mL of 95% ethanol. Increasing temperature in hot-air dried (HAD) conditions increased the antioxidant activities of the flower extracts. However, increasing temperature in far-infrared dried (FID) conditions decreased the antioxidant activities of the extracts. Luteolin, one of main flavonoids of Chrysanthemi Flos flowers, was present in the highest content at 60${^{\circ}C}$ FID flowers with a value of 139 $\mu$g/mL. Thirteen volatile compounds including camphor and β-caryophyllene were identified in chromatograms. Higher amount of the volatiles were found at 50${^{\circ}C}$ HAD and 40${^{\circ}C}$ FID. The results indicated that the antioxidant activities and volatile compounds of Chrysanthemi Flos flowers were significantly affected by drying conditions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.677-682
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• 1991

Extraction of soybean oil from full tat soybean flour was performed using a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction system. Extraction pressure and temperature of the process were 3,000-7,000 psig and $40-70^{\circ}C$, repectively. For the extraction of lg of soybean oil, 25l of carbon was consumed at 7,000 psig and $60^{\circ}C$, whereas more than 2501 of carbon dioxide was consumed at 3,000 psig and $60^{\circ}C$. The solubility of soybean oil in supercritical carbon dioxide decreased with the increase in temperature below 6,000 psig, and the reverse trend was observed above 6,000 psig. At 6,000 psig the solubilities were shown to be, constant regardless of extraction temperature. Soybean oils , extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide were lighter in color and contained less phosphorus than those extracted with hexane.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2006

Antioxidative activity and physicochemical characteristics of heat-treated licorice extracted by ethyl-acetate (EtOAc) and ethyl-alcohol (EtOH) were evaluated at various treatment temperatures (110, 120, 130, 140, and $150^{\circ}C$), times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr), and moisture contents (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). Maximum extraction yields of EtOAc treated at $140^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content and EtOH extracts treated at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 40% moisture content were 9.48 and 32.90%, whereas those of control were 3.74 and 14.60%, respectively. Highest total polyphenol content was obtained from 13.95 mg/g EtOH extract treated at $150^{\circ}C$, 3 hr, and 30% moisture content (control: 6.92 mg/g). Highest antioxidative activity $(IC_{50})$ was obtained from 0.32 g/L EtOAc treated at $140^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content (control: 0.57 g/L). Highest ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity value of 2,112.61 mg ascorbic acid (AA) eq was obtained from EtOAc extract treated at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 40% moisture content (control: 1,920.27 mg AA eq). Optimum heat treatment conditions were $130-140^{\circ}C$, 3 hr, and 30% moisture content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 2007

Antioxidative activity and polyphenol contents of heated licorice in Korea extracted by ethyl.acetate (EtOAc) and ethyl.alcohol (EtOH) were evaluated at various heating temperatures (110, 120, 130, 140, and $150^{\circ}C$), times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr), and moisture contents (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). Maximum extraction yields of EtOAc extract was 10.9% at $130^{\circ}C$, 3 hr, and 50% moisture content and that of EtOH extract was 25.0% at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content, whereas those of control were 0.8 and 15.8%, respectively. The highest total polyphenol content was 845.67 mg/100 g in EtOH extract at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content (control: 277.00 mg/100 g). The antioxidative activity ($IC_{50}$) was the highest value of 0.53 mg/mL in EtOAc extract at $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and 20% moisture content (control: 12.34 mg/mL). The highest ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity value of 1,584 mg ascorbic acid (AA) eq was obtained from EtOAc extract at $120^{\circ}C$, 2hr, and 40% moisture content (control: 1,263 mg AA eq). Optimum heating conditions for the improvement of antioxidative activity of licorice in Korea was $120^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, and $20{\sim}40%$ moisture content.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1998

Effects of protein concentration, ionic strength, pH, and temperature range on the heat-induced denaturation of salt soluble protein extracted from spent layer meat were investigated. Viscosity of salt soluble protein heated at 65$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min began to increase sharply above 7 mg/ml of breast protein concentration, and above 21 mg/ml of leg protein concentration, respectively. Both turbidity and viscosity showed the highest value in cooked protein solution with pH 6.0 and 1% NaCl. The turbidity of salt soluble protein started to increase continuously from 40$^{\circ}C$ to 80$^{\circ}C$. The viscosity increased rapidly from 45$^{\circ}C$ to 60$^{\circ}C$ in breast protein, and increased from 50$^{\circ}C$ to 55$^{\circ}C$ in leg protein, respectively, and then kept relatively constant. Breast protein had higher viscosity than leg protein during heat-induced gelation. Therefore, salt soluble protein from spent layer meat was associated with denatured protein (turbidity change) prior to gelation (viscosity change) during heating. Breast protein showed lower thermal transition temperature, and better gel formation than leg protein during heating.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to identifyisothiocyanates (ITCs) from wasabi (Wasabi japonica Matsum) using supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCO_2$) and to compare the composition in the extracts between $SCO_2$ and organic solvents extraction. A semi-continuous high pressure apparatus was used to extract wasabi (roots, stems and leaves) at following conditions pressure 80$\sim$120 bar, temperature $40\sim50^{\circ}C$. Ether, ethanol, chloroform and dichloromethane were used as organic solvents. The ITCs extracted by means of both separation technologies were analyzed by a gas chromatography system. As the results of study, AITC and ITCs were highly extracted at 40$^{\circ}C$ and 80 bar. To extract AITC from wasabi, $SCO_2$ extraction is more effective than organic solvents extraction, resulted in thermal degeneration and remaining of organic solvents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2000

Stabilities to heat, pH, light were investigated about isolated red color pigment from the Korean Lithospermum erythrorhizon. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable heating at 40∼80$\^{C}$ for 1∼2 hours, hut it was specially unstable on the storage above 55$\^{C}$. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable on the sunlight under the red and green filters but unstable under the yellow and blue filters. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under the pH of 4∼8 but unstable under the pH above 10. The extracted pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under the KCl and NaCl at concentration of 10$\^$-1/Mole. The pigment was very unstable under the CaCl$_2$, FeCl$_3$, CoCl$_2$, AlCl$_3$ and MnCl$_2$ at concentration of 10$\^$-1/Mole. The red pigment, acetylshikonin was stable under citric acid and acetic acid at concentration of 1 Mole. Especially, acetic acid was effective for the stability of the pigment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyse the volatile components of Thymus magnus Nakai extracted by different extraction methods and reproduce scent close to original plant based on the results. For this purpose, the essential oil of T. magnus was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), water and steam distillation (WSD) and simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE) methods. The compositions of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Consequently, linalool (0.1%) and trans-sabinene hydrate (0.9%) contents in the essential oil extracted by SFE method of $40^{\circ}C$ - 400 bar condition were relatively higher than compositions of the essential oil extracted by different conditions. The contents of borneol (3.82%), terpinen-4-ol (0.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.2%) were relatively higher at $50^{\circ}C$ - 400 bar and the contents of ${\beta}$-bisabolene (5.88%), 1-octen-3-ol (0.31%), caryophyllene (2.91%), p-cymene (2.04%) and ${\gamma}$-terpinene (0.52%) were extracted relatively higher at $50^{\circ}C$ - 300 bar. The compositions of the essential oil extracted by SFE method of $50^{\circ}C$ - 200 bar condition contained relatively higher contents of thymol (77.63%) and carvacrol (5.65%). The contents of ${\alpha}$-bisabolol (0.17%), caryophyllene (6.46%), cis-${\alpha}$-bisabolene (1.52%) and ${\beta}$-bisabolene (20.65%) in the essential oil extracted by WSD method were relatively higher than compositions of the essential oil extracted by SFE method, and by SDE method we couldn't obtained essential oil. The results of this study could be utilized to reproduce scent close to original scent of T. magnus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.417-422
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• 1998

This study was performed to obtain information about the extraction conditions of lipids from microalgae, Spirulina platensis, using supercritical fluid $CO_2$. Regardless of extraction temperature conditions, the extracted lipid contents increased as pressure increased, but decreased at 8500 psi on each temperature. The highest yield of extracted lipid content showed in the condition of 5500psi at $50^{\circ}C$, and extracted lipid content was about $20\%$. In same pressure the contents of C18 : 2 and C20 : 0 increased as temperature increased, but fatty acids composition were $60\~75\%$ saturated, $12\~20\%$ monounsaturated and $13\~31\%$ polyunsaturated regardless of extraction conditions. The C18 : 3 was only detected in the condition of 5500psi at $50^{\circ}C$ but the content was very little.