• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

Purpose: Weight lifting is a good training to control body weight, to correct body shape and to relieve stress. How-ever if the training is continued by inadequate training method and technique, the risks of the shoulder injuries are relatively high. Main Subject: The rotator cuff injury is the most common disorder to wright lifters and often results from the train- ing program of upright row, military press and pectoral deck. The chances of subacromial impingement in these postures are high because the shoulder rotates under the acromion at 90 abduction state. Shoulder instability in weight lifters can develop due to various causes. aepeated microtrauma and excessive abduction and external rotation may result in laxity of the anterior capsular structure, ligament and muscles. Behind the neck and bench press are high risk training postures. Other than those injuries, idiopathic osteolysis of distal clavicle, acromioclavicular separation, pectoralis major muscle rupture, and triceps muscle rupture nay develop. Conclusion: The best treatment option of the shoulder injury to weight lifters is to eliminate the possible risk elements for the weight lifters in training program and to provide proper and prompt treatment as soon as possible.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

A considerable cost gap between three major power generation technologies, namely nuclear, coal, and combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT), has been a well-established fact in the Korean electricity market. Alternatively, this paper analyzes the levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) of the three technologies reflecting overall social costs of electricity generation including accident risk, $CO_2$ emission, and air pollution damage. The paper unveils to what extent current discriminative subsidies on fuels regarding the social costs, mostly through tax exemptions, affect economic competitiveness of the technologies. In particular, it finds relative positions of coal and CCGT could be altered depending on appreciation level of the social costs. It has limits in analyzing fixed costs of the technologies, however, due to limited data availability of nuclear power, and suggests further studies on the issue.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2017

Regional cathodic protection has significant impact on pipeline integrity management. After risk analyses of a newly built gas distribution station constructed in an area with large dwelling density, risk score was high because of potential threat caused by galvanic corrosion. Except reinforced steel in concrete, there are four kinds of metal buried under earth: carbon steel, galvanized flat steel, zinc rod and graphite module. To protect buried pipeline from external corrosion, design and construction of regional cathodic protection was proposed. Current density was measured with potential using potential dynamic test and boundary element method (BEM) was used to calculate current requirement and optimize best anode placement during design. From our calculation on the potential, optimized conditions for this area were that an applied current was 3A and anode was placed at 40 meters deep from the soil surface. It results in potential range between $-1.128V_{CSE}$ and $-0.863V_{CSE}$, meeting the $-0.85V_{CSE}$ criterion and the $-1.2V_{CSE}$ criterion that no potential was more negative than $-1.2V_{CSE}$ to cause hydrogen evolution at defects in coating of the pipeline.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2004

Purpose: The aims of this study were to develope a structural model of health insensitivity and to verify the model of health insensitivity. Method: There were three theoretical variables in the hypothetical model. The endogenous variable was health insensitivity which is a concept including bluntness of health risk perception and unhealthy behavior. The exogenous variables were composed of personal factors and socio-cultural factors. In personal factors, neuroticism, external health locus of control, blunting style of information-seeking, deficit of self-efficacy, knowledge deficit related to health, health-related experience, age and education were included. Whereas socio-cultural factors include perceived group size of unhealthy behavior and stereotypes of unhealthy behavior. Result: Personal factors and sociocultural factors were significant in explanation of the health insensitivity. Relationship between personal factors and sociocultural factors was significant, too. However, the optimistic bias as part of health insensitivity was not supported by these data. GFI, AGFI and PGFI were .95, .92, .65, respectively. Therefore, this model was verified to be a good fit to the data and parsimonious. Conclusion: Nursing to change unhealthy behavior has focused on personal factors rather than sociocultural factors. Based on this result, however, the sociocultural factors should be considered as well.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.445-465
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• 2020

This paper presents a study conducted with the aim of developing a model of tendering based on a technique of artificial intelligence by managing and controlling the factors of success or failure of construction projects through the evaluation of the process of invitation to tender. Aiming to solve this problem, analysis of the current environment based on SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) is first carried out. Analysis was evaluated through a case study of the construction projects in Algeria, to bring about the internal and external factors which affect the process of invitation to tender related to the construction projects. This paper aims to develop a mean to identify threats-opportunities and strength-weaknesses related to the environment of various national construction projects, leading to the decision on whether to continue the project or not. Following a SWOT analysis, novel artificial intelligence models in forecasting the project status are proposed. The basic principal consists in interconnecting the different factors to model this phenomenon. An artificial neural network model is first proposed, followed by a model based on fuzzy logic. A third model resulting from the combination of the two previous ones is developed as a hybrid model. A simulation study is carried out to assess performance of the three models showing that the hybrid model is better suited in forecasting the construction project status than RNN (recurrent neural network) and FL (fuzzy logic) models.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.489-508
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• 2016

Growth in the use of mobile commerce services (MCS) as an enabler to conduct business more effectively has been phenomenal. Technology acceptance model (TAM) has been applied in different contexts to examine a wide range of information technology. As more and more companies are finding ways to utilize MCS, an important issue is to understand what factors will affect the decisions of consumers in adopting the services. Based on TAM with two additional groups of external factors (i.e., service-related factors [ubiquitous access and contextual service] and technology-related factors [perceived security risk and network connectivity]) that are theoretically justified to affect both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which are also considered, a research model for the investigated technology acceptance was developed and empirically examined. The major results of this study are as follows. First, ubiquitous access affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Contextual service affects perceived usefulness. Second, perceived security risk affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Finally, network connectivity affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.45-46
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• 2018

The fire at the pilotis parking lot shows the fire propagation paths that are propagated to the ceiling materials and insulation materials and propagated through the external walls. In addition, there is a high risk of fire caused by vehicles with high combustion loads spreading throughout the parking lot. In particular, the omission of the ceiling materials at the parking lot in recent fire cases has contributed to the spread of the fire. In this study, the combustion performance of the ceiling materials between the insulation material and the vehicle is considered to prevent fire from spreading. Based on field research, the type of ceiling material used in the piloti structure showed that SMC ceiling materials have the highest percentage. Combustion performance test (KS F ISO 5660-1) was carried out on the SMC ceiling materials and the AL ceiling materials to review the fire safety of the ceiling finish based on the field investigation. The results of the test showed that the SMC ceiling materials has a THR 28.973[MJ/㎡] and peek HRR 273.93 [kW/㎡], while the AL ceiling material has a THR 0.584[MJ/㎡] and peek HRR 15.215[kW/㎡].

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of fumigation treatment, provide a clinical basis for fumigation therapy, and develop treatment protocols through consideration of treatment methods and herbal medicines. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials using fumigation treatment on mycotic vaginitis in 8 electronic databases such as EMBASE, Pubmed, and CNKI. The results of the studies were analyzed and the risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed to reveal the effectiveness of fumigation compared to control treatments. Results: We finally selected 5 studies among 54 articles according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. In all selected studies, herbal fumigation was more effective than any control treatment and all the studies were statistically significant. Conclusions: The study provides a basis for applying fumigation treatment to patients with mycotic vaginitis and helps developing a treatment protocol of caring patients of mycotic vaginitis. But the limitation of this study is that the number of studies included is small and quantitative synthesis of all results has not been achieved.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

Oculus Rift, HTC Vive 등의 PC기반 Virtual Reality Head Mount Display 뿐 아니라, Google Cardboard, Samsung Gear VR등과 같은 모바일 VR HMD들이 출시 되고 있다. 그런데 HMD는 착용 시 사용자의 외부시야를 가리게 되므로 VR을 체험하는 공간의 실제 환경에 존재하는 각종 가구에 걸려 넘어지거나 벽 등의 위험요소들에 의해 사용자가 부딪혀 다치고 또는 가구 등이 파손 되는 상황이 일어날 수 있지만 아직 이것에 대해서 확실한 방안이 연구되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 Microsoft Kinect V1를 이용하여 사용자가 움직일 공간을 미리 3d Scanning하고 Minimap 방식으로 Scanning한 장애물의 위치 및 정보를 몰입감을 덜 저하시키면서 시각화하여 사용자에게 알려줌으로써 부상위험을 줄이는 방법으로 VR의 대중화를 돕는 방안을 제시 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.752-754
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• 2016

전력은 전체 에너지 대비 점유율이 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따른 효율적 수요 관리 및 부가 가치 창출을 위한 방안으로 원격 검침 시스템이 도입되었다. 하지만 원격 검침 시스템을 사용하면, 사이버 공격 및 해킹과 같이 다양한 외부 공격으로 위험이 존재한다. 이를 미리 예방하거나 좀 더 안전하게 이용될 수 있는 방안 모색이 시급하다고 사료된다. 이 논문에서는 원격검침 시스템의 현 보안 인증 기술의 연구 동향 및 이슈를 짚어보고자 한다.